Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The Anterior Gradient 2 (AGR2) protein has been implicated in a variety of biological systems linked to cancer and metastasis, tamoxifen-induced drug resistance, pro-inflammatory diseases like IBD and asthma, and limb regeneration. The molecular mechanisms by which AGR2 mediates these various phenotypes in disease progression in both cancer and IBD are poorly understood, as is the biological function(s) of AGR2 under non-disease conditions. Here, we use a combination of biochemical techniques, organ culture, cell biology and mouse genetics to investigate the biological significance of AGR2 both in cell lines and in vivo. We present data based on phage-peptide inter-actomics screens suggesting a role for AGR2 in mediating the maturation and trafficking of a class of membrane and secretory proteins, and investigate a putative interaction between AGR2 and one member of this class of proteins. We also describe the construction of a universal vector for use in making a variety of transgenic animals, and then present data showing its use as a promoter reporter, and attempt to investigate the temporal and spatial expression of AGR2 in the developing and adult mouse. Further, we present data describing the localisation pattern of AGR2 in the developing murine kidney using a combination of organ culture and antibody staining, and suggest a role for AGR2 in the developing kidney based on this data that is in agreement with a chaperone function for membrane and secretory proteins. Together, these data suggest that AGR2 has an intrinsic consensus docking site for a subset of its client proteins, that AGR2 plays a role in protein maturation in ciliated cell types, and provides a novel biological model to dissect the role of AGR2 in ER-trafficking.

Notre thèse stipule qu'au vu de l'ampleur des agissements malveillants dans l'Internet, les logiciels d'extrémité doivent être surveillés. Pour limiter le nombre de points de surveillance, nous proposons de surveiller les logiciels depuis un point d'interconnexion. Nous avons dans ce but conçu Luth, un outil permettant de composer et de paralléliser un ensemble d'inspecteurs de points d'interconnexion (appelés MI) qui implémentent des mini IDS, IPS ou pare-feux, tout en vérifiant la correction et l'optimalité de ces derniers, à l'aide d'un langage de configuration et des algorithmes associés. Nous utilisons ensuite cet outil pour surveiller des logiciels d'extrémité permettant l'observation de trafic malveillant. Premièrement, après avoir démontré la nécessité de surveiller des pots de miels collecteurs de logiciels malveillants en concevant une attaque originale, nous montrons comment nous configurons Luth pour bloquer les attaques précédemment créées tout en laissant passer les attaques émulées par le pot de miel. Dans un second temps, nous utilisons Luth pour implémenter un bac-à-sable permettant d'analyser dynamiquement et aussi sûrement que voulu, les communications réseaux des logiciels malveillants. Nous montrons comment les informations obtenues par cette analyse permettent de regrouper ces logiciels et ainsi de limiter le nombre de binaires à analyser manuellement. Ensuite nous montrons comment nous générons automatiquement des signatures permettant la détection de ces virus depuis un point d'interconnexion.

Craft villages played a significant role in the development of Vietnam’s rural economy for a long time. The range of products and production methods, including the processing of materials and chemicals, are now adapted to modern market requirements but environmental and labour protection issues are not adequately considered in the management of the craft villages. The reasons are various: poor education of responsible operators, deficient technical equipment or missing regulatory framework and implementation of existing regulations. The INHAND project (Integrated Water Management Concept for Craft Villages) started in 2011 and is studying the food processing village of Dai Lam located on the banks of the Cau River in the Bac Ninh province (about 40 km NE of the capital Hanoi). The household-scale business focus mainly on rice and cassava processing with 200 out of 1000 households producing alcohol from cassava and rice, 10 households producing tofu, and 30 households recycling aluminium. In addition, most households also raise pigs. The wastewater is released mostly untreated into the receiving stream. Within the framework of the INHAND project, four German und two Vietnamese partners will conduct a basic analysis inventory in the village with identification of suitable measure for an integrated, environmentally sound concept for the removal and reuse of all output streams. The second major task of the 3.5 years research project is the conceptualisation, development and implementation of pilot-scale treatment facilities in the village and the scientific monitoring of their planning and operation. / Đã từ lâu, làng nghề đóng vai trò quan trọng trong quá trình phát triển kinh tế nông nghiệp tại Việt Nam. Các sản phẩm và phương thức sản xuất, bao gồm cả giai đoạn xử lý vật liệu và hóa chất, đã từng bước được cải tiến cho phù hợp với yêu cầu của thị trường hiện đại. Tuy nhiên, những yếu tố về môi trường và an toàn lao động vẫn chưa được quan tâm đúng mức tại các làng nghề do nhiều nguyên nhân như: trình độ của nhà sản xuất, vận hành còn hạn hẹp, thiếu trang thiết bị kỹ thuật, các quy chuẩn còn thiếu hoặc chưa được thi hành triệt để. Dự án INHAND (đề án xử lý nước tổng thể cho làng nghề) được khởi động từ năm 2011 và hiện đang tiến hành nghiên cứu làng nghề chế biến thực phẩm Đại Lâm ,nằm bên bờ song Cầu, thuộc tỉnh Bắc Ninh, cách Hà Nội 40 km. Mô hình kinh tế hộ gia đình tại làng chủ yếu tập trung vào chế biến gạo và sắn: 200 trong số 1000 hộ gia đình nấu rượu gạo và sắn, 10 hộ sản xuất đậu phụ, 30 hộ tái chế nhôm. Ngoài ra, gần như tất cả các hộ đều có nuôi lợn. Nước thải của làng được dẫn trực tiếp ra các khối nước mở, gần như không qua xử lý. Trong khuôn khổ dự án INHAND, bốn đối tác Đức và hai đối tác Việt Nam sẽ tiến hành phân tích hiện trạng môi trường của làng để tìm ra những biện pháp thích hợp nhằm xử lý và tái sử dụng các dòng thải. Nhiệm vụ thứ hai trong thời gian 3,5 năm của dự án là lập ra đề án, phát triển và triển khai các trạm xử lý ở quy mô thử nghiệm, đồng thời quan trắc khoa học các quá trình thiết kế và vận hành.

Taiwan Water Supply Cooperation (TWSC) has upgraded traditional purification processes into advanced treatment systems in south Taiwan for many years. The removal efficiency of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) by ultrafiltration (UF) with reverse osmosis (RO) systems was 47% was lower than that of 62% by ozone with biological activated carbon system (BAC). In this work, we investigate the removal of AOC and disinfection by products formation potential (DBPFP) of raw water took from a water treatment plant by using BAC and membrane treatment units. BAC system of granular activated carbon(GAC) and powder activated carbon (PAC) showed two kind carbons have certain efficiency for AOC removal. Results we found could reach above 50% (from 44.28¡Ó9.84£gg acetate-C/L reduce to 20.93¡Ó4.25£gg acetate-C/L for GAC and from 45.92¡Ó17.75£gg acetate-C/L reduce to 21.23¡Ó4.25£gg acetate-C/L for PAC), when hydraulic retention time (HRT) in BAC reactor was at 1 hour. When HRT raised to 6 hours the concentration of AOC in effluent of BAC systems were reduced under 15 £gg/L, and removal efficiency could reach above 70%. The suggested limit level of AOC is 50 £gg/L of drinking water. In removal of DBPFP, BAC of two carbons has showed certain efficiency on trihalomethanes formation potential (THMFP) and haloacetic acids formation potential (HAA5FP). The results were done in removal of THMFP (from 20.54¡Ó6.48£gg/L reduce to 14.21¡Ó4.47£gg/L for GAC and from 24.64¡Ó6.74£gg/L reduce to 14.75¡Ó4.04£gg/L for PAC) and HAA5FP (from 39.64¡Ó10.38£gg/L reduce to 17.35£gg/L for GAC and from 17.86¡Ó5.13£gg/L reduce to 11.76¡Ó3.76£gg/L for PAC) in BAC reactors. They were all lower than national standard of drinking water (THMs 80£gg/L, HAAs 60£gg/L). It is believed that two kind carbons in BAC system could all reduce effectively on AOC and DBPFP to obtain high quality of drinking water with biological stability at HRT of 6 hours.

In response to organic contaminations pollutating water sources of drinking water, domestic water treatment plants (WTP) were transforming from traditional chlorination disinfecton method to advanced ozone-based disinfection processes. However, the effectiveness of water purification procedures n removing AOC (Assimilable Organic Carbon) and DBPsFP (Disinfection By-Products Formation Potential) can be improved. Additionally, the quality of clean water purified at WTP may deteriorate in the water distribution network for various reasons, primarily resulting from the regrowth of microorganisms in the water distribution pipelines. This study investigates and researches the essential water quality items of effluent before and after the advanced water purification treatment plants and water movement to end users through water distribution networks. The investigation proceeded in four directions: (1) the efficiency of removing AOC from raw water using powdered and granular activated carbon biological systems, and the development of an AOC prediction model based on water quality monitoring items using the AutoNet (6.03) method of the artificial neural network system; (2) removal of the byproducts of disinfection from raw water using powdered activated carbon biological systems; (3) examining the relationship between ozone-based and chlorination-based water disinfection methods by comparing the number of coliform bacteria and total bacteria population in traditional and advanced processing units; (4) regarding the water distribution storage facilities for users, water reservoir towers were examined for water quality sampling and analysis and water tower cleaning frequencies. Regression analysis was performed using SPSS ¡]Statistical Product and Service Solutions¡^ statistical software, with the correlation coefficient denoting the closeness of relationships. We anticipate understanding the water quality situation for current users of tap water, and demands for cleaning frequencies, thereby achieving the purpose of improving drinking water safety. Regarding the efficiency of removing AOC from raw water, the results showed powdered and granular activated carbon biological systems performed well, with the AOC removal rate reaching 53% and 54%, respectively, and the SUVA (Specific Ultraviolet Absorbance) value (showed by UV254/DOC) being reduced by 15-18% and 22-23%, respectively. The correlation analysis of the AOC prediction model shows that the GAC (Granular Activated Carbon) had high predictive and actual value R values (R2 = 0.772) after model regressing, and the PAC (Powder Activated Carbon) had higher predictive and actual value R values (R2 = 0.856) after model regressing as well. That the PAC system AOC prediction model has a slightly higher correlation that may be attributed to water contaminations resulting from domestic sewage, agricultural fertilizers, and livestock excretions. In the use of powdered activated carbon biological systems to remove disinfection byproducts, THMsFP (Trihalomethanes Formation Potential) and HAAsFP (Haloacetic acids Formation Potential) functioned with a certain removal efficiency, with the average effluent concentrations being under the regulatory standard of 80£gg/L, respectively, which reduces carcinogenic risks. Correlation analyses conducted using SUVA on the three water quality concentrations (HAA5FP, HAA9FP, and THMsFP) obtained R2 values of 0.805, 0.820, and 0.823, respectively, indicating high levels of correlation. For the results of microbial assessment using ozone and chlorine to process drinking water, the advanced and conventional WTP achieved a removal rate greater than 99% for microbial removal (coliform bacteria and total bacteria population). The correlation analysis between cleaning frequencies and water quality parameters showed the frequency at which the water reservoirs and towers were cleaned has a significant impact on tap water quality in residential compounds and schools that accommodated more than 100 households or less than 99 households. Higher cleaning frequency (more than four cleanings a year) results in better the water quality.

Centromeres are responsible for sister-chromatid cohesion, kinetochore formation, and accurate transmission of chromosomes. Rice provides an excellent model for organizational and functional studies of centromeres since several of its chromosomes contain limited amounts of satellite and other repetitive sequences in their centromeres. To facilitate molecular characterization of the centromeres, we screened several BIBAC and BAC libraries of japonica and indica rice, using several centromere-specific repeat elements as probes. The positive clones were identified, fingerprinted and integrated into our whole genome physical map databases of the two rice subspecies. BAC/BIBACbased physical maps were constructed for the centromeric regions of the subspecies. To determine whether the genomic organization of the centromeres has changed since the cultivated rice split from its progenitor and to identify the sequences potentially playing an important role in centromere functions, we constructed a large-insert BIBAC library for the wild progenitor of Asian cultivated rice, O. rufipogon. The library contains 24,192 clones, has an average insert size of 163 kb, and covers 5 x haploid genome of wild rice. We screened the wild rice library with two centromere 8-specific overgo probes designed from the sequences flanking centromere 8 of japonica rice. A BIBACbased map was constructed for wild rice centromere 8. Two of the clones, B43P04 and B15E04, were found to span the entire region of the wild rice centromere and thus selected for sequencing the centromere. By sequencing the B43P09 clone, a 95% genomic sequence of the long arm side of wild rice centromere 8 was obtained. Comparative analysis revealed that the centromeric regions of wild rice have a similar gene content to japonica rice, but the centromeric regions of japonica rice have undergone chromosomal rearrangements at both large scale and nucleotide levels. In addition, although the 155-bp satellite repeats showed dramatic changes at the middle region, they are conserved at the 5' and 3' ends of satellite monomers, suggesting that those regions might have important functional roles for centromeres. These results provide not only new insights into genomic organization and evolution, but also a platform for functional analysis of plant centromeres.

酒醉駕車可能同時涉及行政違序行為及刑事犯罪行為，而血液中酒精濃度更為判定行為責任之重要準據，現行警察職權行使法、道路交通管理處罰條例及刑事訴訟法就呼氣或抽血取得行為人酒精濃度數值固有相關規範，惟並未確切掌握其為干預基本權之性質，以致規範不完備而有違反正當法律程序之虞。本文第一章即先就問題之緣起、研究目的、研究方法及研究範圍作一全面性之概述。 　　　第二章探討酒醉駕車所涉及之行政責任及刑事責任。按道路交通管理處罰條例自民國57年立法以來，迄今已六度修正提高酒醉駕車之裁罰標準，88年4月間刑法增訂185條之3不能安全駕駛罪，將酒醉駕車入罪化；而授權警察得下命強制抽血檢測酒精濃度之規定則係於90年1月間增訂，而92年間警察職權行使法之修訂，使警察發動酒測得有較為明確之授權依據，然而實務運作上仍存有諸多爭議，並因酒駕可能僅為行政責任、亦可能同時涉及刑事責任，致使強制抽血檢測酒精濃度措施究屬警察的行政調查手段，抑或已屬犯罪偵查領域而應適用更為嚴謹的程序規範，即應加以釐清以杜合法性之爭議。 　　　第三章探討強制抽血檢測酒精濃度所涉及之基本權，就人身自由權、身體不受傷害權、隱私權及不自證己罪原則逐一探討。首先概述上開基本權之權利內涵，確認其是否屬我國憲法所保障之基本權，如為肯定，再探討強制抽血檢測酒精濃度是否侵害該基本權。而依本文之觀察，強制抽血酒測應已侵及人身自由權、身體完整不受侵犯權及隱私權。 　　　第四章採用比較法研究，探討強制採血以取得血液中酒精濃度數值作為刑事犯罪證據使用，在刑事訴訟法之體系定位為何，並比較92年1月刑事訴訟法就侵入體內取證之行為在修法前後之法規依據、相關學說爭議及實務運作情況。其次，基於鑑定之檢查身體規定係繼受自德國刑事訴訟法第81條a，因此本章中除著重於追本溯源，以德國立法例作為主要的外文文獻參考資料，透過對於德國法的立法解釋、學說見解及實務案例的分析，希望能對檢查身體制度在我國制度定位上有一定的幫助外，並輔以美國法上對於檢查身體的相關案例與見解，期能進一步釐清檢查身體制度的意義及定位。 　　　第五章探討現行檢查身體在我國刑事訴訟法的體系定位，以其乃為具有強制處分性質之措施，惟在現行法卻有定位不明之憾，形式上固符合法律保留原則，惟在實質合法性上則似不盡符合正當法律程序原則，未來修法上實應明確訂定該等強制處分發動的程序與實體要件、執行規範、事後審查與救濟規定，期能同時兼顧人權保障與實體真實之發現。 　　　第六章則綜合整理歸納各章論述重點，並認未來檢查身體在刑事訴訟法上有明確規範後，現行道路交通管理處罰條例授權警察得逕為下命移送醫療檢驗院所強制抽血之規定則亦有相應調整之必要性，期以程序正義保障實體之正義，落實法治國原則保障人民權益之價值理念。 / Driving while intoxicated (DWI) may involve in disordering administrative law or committing criminal crime, which mainly depends on the person's blood alcohol concentration (BAC). According to the Police Act, the Act Governing the Punishment of Violation of Road Traffic Regulations and the Code of Criminal Procedure, we have relevant regulations for BAC measurement (a mass of alcohol per volume of blood) through breath alcohol testing or blood testing. These regulations, however, are fragmented and against due process because of violating the fundamental rights of the people. Therefore, I begin at overview of the origin of the studies, the purpose of studies, the methodology of studies and the range of studies in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2, I discuss responsibility of DWI in administrative code and criminal code. According to the Act Governing the Punishment of Violation of Road Traffic Regulations (which enacts in 1968), we have revised standard and raised the penalty on DWI. In April 1999, the Criminal Code revised and augmented Article 185-3- not safety driving crime. That is, criminalization of DWI. In January 2001, the police are authorized to implement BAC testing due to law augment. The revises of the Police Act grant the police to enforce BAC testing while there are disputes in practice. DWI maybe just against administrative liability or involve criminal liability at the same time. Thus, the enforcement of BAC testing belongs to either the methods of the police administrative investigation or the field of delinquency investigation. If it belongs to the latter, we should adapt due process more strictly so that we could prevent legality from disputes In Chapter 3, I discuss the enforcement of BAC testing in accordance with fundamental rights of the people, including personal freedom, defense of bodily harm, privacy right and Principle of privilege against self-incrimination. First of all, we should make sure whether the content of nature rights corresponds to Constitution or not. When it is approval, we will discuss whether the enforcement of BAC testing trespasses on nature rights. According to the article, the enforcement of BAC testing against personal freedom, defense of bodily harm and privacy right. 　　　 In Chapter 4, I use comparative studies in order to obtain a mandatory BAC value as criminal evidence in Code of Criminal Procedure. Besides, I compare the evidence obtained by body invasion before and after amending the Code of Criminal Procedure in January 2003, the disputes of relevant theories and the practical operation. Secondly, based on the identification of the physical examination provided by the German Code of Criminal Procedure Article 81 a, we not only use the German legislation as major reference but also analyze the legislative interpretation, insights and practical cases of German Law. We are eager to anchor our system of physical examination associated with relevant the US cases and insights so that we can further advance the significance of the physical examination. In Chapter 5, I discuss the present physical inspection in our Code of Criminal Procedure due to its compulsory measure. It is a pity that, however, the present criterion for physical inspection is invalid. Although it conforms to principle of legal reservation, it does not consist with due process of law on the real legitimacy. We should consider due process of compulsory measure as well as substantive requirements, execution regulations, retrospective review and remedy when we amend the law in the future. By doing so, we not only protect human rights but also discover the substantive reality. In Chapter 6, I summarize the keynotes of all chapters and consider clearly definition of physical examination in the Code of Criminal Procedure. The Act Governing the Punishment of Violation of Road Traffic Regulations, which empowers the police to transfer the suspects to the medical institutions for blood testing, should adjust accordingly. By doing so, we can protect the entity of justice through due process and implement the principle of constitutional state. That is, to secure the interest of human rights.

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Submitted by Amanda Silva (amanda.osilva2@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-13T14:39:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO Emanuelle Vasconcelos.pdf: 1061368 bytes, checksum: 24a6fe50b5333a771ee76d0549eb755e (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T14:39:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO Emanuelle Vasconcelos.pdf: 1061368 bytes, checksum: 24a6fe50b5333a771ee76d0549eb755e (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / FACEPE; CNPq / O feijão-caupi [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] é uma leguminosa anual cultivada em regiões tropicais e subtropicais, importante pelo alto teor de proteínas contido em suas sementes secas, vagens verdes e folhas. Neste trabalho, um estudo citogenético comparativo entre V. unguiculata e Phaseolus vulgaris L. (feijão comum) foi realizado por BAC-FISH. Sequências mapeadas em cromossomos de P. vulgaris (Pv) foram utilizadas como sondas em cromossomos de V. unguiculata (Vu), contribuindo para as análises de macrossintenia entre estes dois legumes. Trinta e sete clones da biblioteca BAC de P. vulgaris ‘cv. BAT93’, previamente selecionados com marcadores mapeados em seus 11 grupos de ligação correspondentes, foram hibridizados in situ nos cromossomos metafásicos de V. unguiculata. Foram identificados vários rearranjos cromossômicos, tais como translocações (entre BACs de Pv1 e Pv8; Pv2 e Pv3, como também Pv2 e Pv11), duplicações visualizadas em cromossomos metafásicos e/ou paquitênicos (BAC 147K17 de Pv3), inversões paracêntricas (entre os BACs 267H4 e 147K17 de Pv3) e pericêntricas (entre os BACs 221J10 e 190C15 de Pv4). Destacam-se também os BACs 14F2 (Pv2) e 86I17 (Pv7), que em P. vulgaris hibridizou nas regiões terminais de quase todos os cromossomos e em Vu apresentou marcação única. Adicionalmente, 17 BACs não apresentaram sinal único nos cromossomos de V. unguiculata. Os resultados do presente trabalho demonstraram que apesar dos gêneros Vigna e Phaseolus estarem intimamente relacionados, ocorreram várias quebras de macrossintenia ou de colinearidade ao longo da evolução cariotípica destes legumes.