Gene therapy is a fast growing technology that offers treatments for genetic diseases. The method is based on introducing genetic material into a patient to replace the disease-causing gene, using a vector. This report examines the potential of some viral vectors for gene therapy, to give Bio-Works Technologies a recommendation on what the future market demands. Oncolytic viruses, vaccines and gene editing are not treated in the report as a delimitation.  Viral vectors have different biological properties and require different purification methods, making them suitable for different applications in gene therapy. In the purification of the viruses it can be challenging to obtain a high purity and large-scale manufacturing. One major drawback with most purification methods is that they are not specific to just one virus, which leads to contaminants in the solution and lower purity. The viral vectors handled in the report are the adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, gammaretrovirus, lentivirus, alpharetrovirus, foamy virus, herpes simplex virus and baculovirus. These were chosen as they are relevant vectors for gene therapy and stay within the scope of the report. Lentiviral vectors (LVs) and adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) will dominate the gene therapy field in the coming years. This is based on the information that the use of AAVs and LVs in clinical trials have increased in recent years, while the other vectors mentioned above have slightly decreased or show no apparent change. However, challenges still remain in the purification processes. Ligands used in affinity chromatography for purification of AAVs are effective at removing most contaminants, but cannot distinguish between empty and loaded capsids, which can induce immune response when used clinically. This is the main challenge when purifying AAVs. The empty capsids can be removed with ion exchange chromatography, which results in higher purity but also lower recovery. There is no specific purifying method for LVs, therefore a lentivirus-specific affinity ligand, such as an antibody ligand, would be beneficial for the purification and manufacturing procedure.  In addition to AAVs and LVs, baculoviral vectors and foamy viral vectors show great potential in a long-term perspective but they only have been researched in preclinical studies. Moreover, herpes simplex viral vectors and adenoviral vectors show potential in cancer treatments or as vaccines rather than in augmentation gene therapy.

Com o objetivo de estudar a interação do HAdV-41 com células permissivas, primeiramente foi observada a cinética de infecção do HAdV-41 em células HEK-293, durante 7 dias. A seguir, as culturas foram analisadas por MCVL e por MET. O HAdV-41 apresentou um ciclo replicativo lento com liberação da progênie viral por mecanismo não lítico. A seguir, com o intuíto de verificar a participação da proteina FC do HAdV-41 nas etapas de entrada nas células HEK-293 e CaCo2, obteve-se os dodecaedros recombinantes (DR) em células High five (base-Ad3, base-Ad3+FC-Ad41, base-Ad3+FL-Ad41, baseRGEHS-Ad3+FCAd41 e base-Ad3+FAd3). Esses dodecaedros foram inoculados em células HEK-293 e CaCo2. Após a análise por MCVL, observou-se que a proteína FC talvez não desempenhe função na entrada do DR nas células estudadas. A seguir, uma alíquota do DR base-Ad3+FC-Ad41 foi digerida com a enzima pepsina e analisada por WB. Notou-se que a FC sofreu proteólise. Acredita-se que essa proteólise seja necessária para o reconhecimento de receptores no trato gastro-intestinal. Esses resultados fornecerão subsídeos para o desenvolvimento de vetores de terapia gênica direcionada para o epitélio intestinal e vetores vacinais administrados por via oral. / Our objective was study the interaction between HAdV-41 and permissive cells. First, it was observed the kinetic of infection between HAdV-41 and HEK-293 cells, for 7 days. Second, the cultures were analyzed by CLSM and by TEM. The HAdV-41 showed a slower replicative cycle with release of viral progeny by non-lytic mechanisms. In order to verify the participation of SF protein of the HAdV-41 during the phases of entry in HEK-293 and CaCo2 cells, we producted recombinant dodecahedrons (DR) in high five cells (base-Ad3, base-Ad3+SF-Ad41, base-Ad3+SF-Ad41, baseRGEHS-Ad3+SFAd41 and base-Ad3+FAd3). These decahedrons were inoculated in HEK-293 and CaCo2 cells. After analysis with CLSM, observed that SF protein may not have a role in dodecahedron entry in the cells studied. Next, recombinant dodecahedrons base-Ad3+SF-Ad41 and base-Ad3 were digested with pepsin and analyzed by WB. We observed proteolysis of the SF. We believe that this proteolysis may be necessary for the recognition of receptors in intestinal cells. The results obtained will be the base for the development of gene-therapy vectors directed to intestinal epithelium, as well as orally administered vaccine vectors.

Desde a década de 80, o nucleopoliedrovírus Anticarsia gemmatalis (AgMNPV) tem sido utilizado no Brasil como agente de controle biológico no combate à lagarta-da-soja, resultando para o país significativos benefícios econômicos e ecológicos. Este vírus envelopado, pertencente à família Baculoviridae, possui DNA circular de fita dupla (132.239 pb) contido em um capsídeo protéico, que pode estar ocluído em uma matriz para-cristalina. Neste trabalho, analisamos a expressão temporal de seus genes em duas linhagens celulares (UFL-AG-286 e IPLB-SF-9), por PCR em tempo real. Outro objetivo foi o estudo do efeito da multiplicação viral na malha gênica celular (GRN), visando analisar a expressão gênica celular diferenciada durante a infecção, através da técnica de hibridização subtrativa. Verificamos que todas as ORFs (exceto ORFs 64 e 83, que provavelmente não codificam a genes) foram expressas, com diferenças significativas entre as linhagens, principalmente em relação ao nível de expressão. Apesar disso, o grupo de genes ligados a replicação apresentou perfil de expressão similar nas duas linhagens, possivelmente por este ser um processo essencial à replicação viral. De uma forma geral, todos os genes apresentaram um perfil de expressão mais precoce do que o relatado na literatura, o que poderia ser tanto devido à replicação precoce do DNA do AgMNPV quanto até mesmo consequência da sensitividade do método utilizado. O agrupamento dos genes por k-means seguiu, em sua maioria, a hora pós-infecção (p.i.) onde a expressão de cada gene foi detectada, o que é coerente com a expressão gênica em cascata de baculovírus. Entretanto, por esta classificação não foi possível predizer função gênica para os genes pouco caracterizados. Em relação ao efeito da infecção do AgMNPV na GRN da UFL-AG-286, observamos que em 20h p.i., uma grande diversidade de genes e funções celulares foram hipo-expressas. / Since the 80s, the Anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedroviruses (AgMNPV) has been used in Brazil as a biological control agent against the Anticarsia gemmatalis caterpillar in soybean fields, resulting in considerable economic and ecological benefits. This enveloped virus belongs to the Baculoviridae family. It has circular double-stranded DNA (132239 bp) enclosed in a capsid, which can be occluded in a crystalline matrix. In this work we elucidated the temporal gene expression profile of the AgMNPV-2D in two cell lines (UFL-AG-286 and IPLB-SF-9), using a real time PCR. Another objective was to study the effect of viral replication on the cellular gene regulatory network (GRN), in order to analyze the differential cellular gene expression during infection, using subtractive hybridization method. We found that most ORFs (except 64 and 83 ORFs that probably do not encode genes) were expressed, with significant differences between cell lines, mainly in expression intensity. However, the group of genes associated with viral DNA replication had similar expression profile in both lineages, possibly because replication is an essential process for viral multiplication. In general, most genes had earlier expression than reported in the literature, probably due to the early DNA replication in AgMNPV. Moreover, this could be a consequence of the method sensitivity used herein. We clustered genes with the k-means algorithm according to the time pos infection (p.i.) in which each gene expression was first detected and found it to be consistent with the typical cascade of gene expression known for baculovirus. Nonetheless, following this classification, it was not possible to predict gene function for poorly characterized genes. When looking at the impact of viral replication on the host GRN using subtractive hybridization, we found considerable inhibition of cellular transcription at 20h p.i. Furthermore at this time, a large and diverse set of cellular genes and functions were found to be hypo-regulated, indicative of an extensive effect of AgMNPV infection on the UFL-AG-286 GRN.

O interesse em estudar o cultivo das células de inseto está relacionado entre outros usos a sua utilização na produção de biopesticidas. Há muitos anos os pesticidas químicos vêm contribuindo no controle de pragas na agricultura. Entretanto, o uso desses compostos prolongadamente tem resultado na seleção de insetos resistentes e em poluição ambiental. Diante disso, torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento e aprimoramento dos bioinseticidas. No Brasil, o baculovírus Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) foi o principal agente de controle biológico da praga da soja Anticarsia gemmatalis. Assim, estudos que viabilizem a produção desses vírus in vitro possibilitariam uma produção mais controlada e de melhor qualidade desses biopesticidas. Neste trabalho, investigou-se a suscetibilidade à infecção por AgMNPV de diferentes linhagens celulares de Sf21 e o crescimento dessas células em diferentes sistemas: cultivos em schotts, em spinner e em biorreator, variando-se a idade do inóculo (IA) e a concentração celular inicial (X0). Constatou-se variação no perfil de infecção das linhagens, sendo as linhagens mais adequadas para a produção de bioinseticida as linhagens de Sf21 denominadas EMBRAPA, UFRN e GibcoG, uma vez que estas apresentaram mais do que 40 % das células com poliedros em cultivos em suspensão, enquanto a linhagem denominada GibcoSF teve menos de 2 % das células infectadas com poliedros. Ao se estudar o efeito do número de subcultivos na morfologia e crescimento celular, foi averiguado um aumento no diâmetro de 10 % e no volume de 26 % das células UFRN em relação às células GibcoSF. Além disso, o crescimento das células UFRN foi 49% menor do que das células GibcoSF. Quando realizado o Delineamento Composto Central Rotacional (DCCR) para se analisar o efeito da IA e a X0 na taxa de crescimento específica máxima (?max) e na concentração celular máxima (Xvmax) em cultivos em schott com células UFRN, obteve-se um modelo empírico. Quando analisadas as variáveis IA e X0 separadamente, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas para as respostas Xvmax e ?max em relação a X0. Para a IA, entretanto, obteve-se os resultados mais satisfatórios para os inóculos com IA de 72 e 96 horas: Xvmax de 5,97.106 cel/mL e 5,99.106 cel/mL, e ?max de 0,70 dia-1 e 0,63 dia-1, respectivamente. Nos cultivos em spinner com células UFRN, foi observada a formação de grumos, o que levou a Xvmax de 2,00.106 cel/mL. No cultivo em biorreator com células UFRN, foi obtido um Xvmax de 6,21.106 cel/mL, ?max de 0,70 dia-1, Qo2 na fase exponencial de 67,3 ± 3,6 .10-18 molO2/cel/s, rendimento de glicose em célula igual a 1,0.109 cel/g de glicose e um rendimento de glutamina em células de 3,0.109 cel/mL. Comprovou-se, portanto, a existência de alterações na infecção entre diferentes linhagens de Sf21; a importância do estado fisiológico da célula nos subcultivos, a ocorrência de mudanças no crescimento celular de acordo com os sistemas de cultivo e o efeito do número de subcultivos na morfologia e crescimento de células Sf21. / Investigate the cultivation of insect cells is related to its use in the production of biopesticides among others. For many years, chemical pesticides have contributed in pest control in agriculture. However, the use of these compounds for prolonged periods has resulted in the selection of resistant insects and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary the development and improvement of biopesticides. In Brazil, the baculovirus Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) is the main biological control agent of the plague of soy Anticarsia gemmatalis. Thus, studies that enhance the production of these viruses in vitro would allow a more controlled production and better quality of biopesticides. In the present research, it was investigated the susceptibility of different Sf21 cell lines to infection by AgMNPV and the growth of these cells in different systems: cultivations in schotts, in spinner flasks and in bioreactor, varying the inoculum age (IA) and initial cell concentration (X0). Variation was observed in the lineage\'s infection profile. The most appropriate lineage for the production of biopesticida where the ones denominated EMBRAPA, UFRN and GibcoG, since these showed more than 40% of the infected cells with polyhedra, while the one denominated GibcoSF had less than 2% of the infected cells with polyhedra. When studying the effect of the number of subcultures in morphology and in cell growth, an increase of 10% of the diameter and 26% in the volume of the UFRN cells was observed compared to the GibcoSF cells. Moreover, the cell growth of UFRN was 49% lower than the GibcoSF\'s. When performed the Rotational Central Composite Design (RCCD) to analyze the effect of IA and X0, the maximum specific growth rate (?max) and the maximum cell concentration (Xvmax) in cultures in schott with UFRN cells, it was obtained an empirical model. When the IA and X0 were separately analysed, it was not found significant differences for Xvmax and ?max in relation to X0. For IA, however, it was achieved the most satisfactory results for inocula with IA of 72 and 96 hours: Xvmax equals to 5.97x106 cells/mL and to 5.99x106 cells/ml, and ?max of 0.70 day-1 and 0.63 day-1, respectively. Cultures in spinner with UFRN cells clumped what led to Xvmax of 2.00x106 cells/mL. In cultivation in bioreactor with UFRN cells, was reached Xvmax of 6.21x106 cells/mL, ?max of 0.70 day-1, Qo2 in the exponential phase of 67.3 ± 3.6x10-18 molO2/cell/s, glucose to the cell yield equal to 1.0x109 cell/g of glucose and glutamine to cell yield of 3.0x109 cell/g of glutamine. It was shown, therefore, the existence of the infection alterations among different lineages of Sf21, the importance of the physiological state of the cell for the subcultivation, the occurrence of changes in cell growth according to the cultivation systems and the effect of the number of subcultivation in morphology and in growth of Sf21 cells.

Le lépidoptère Spodoptera frugiperda est un ravageur important des cultures mais aussi l'organisme source de la lignée cellulaire Sf9, utilisée pour la production de protéines recombinantes dans le système d'expression baculovirus/cellule d'insecte. Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous avons étudié la transcription chez le baculovirus AcMNPV aux temps précoces de l'infection. Nous montrons tout d'abord que les régions homologues (hrs) portées par le génome de ce virus contiennent de nombreux motifs de reconnaissance pour des facteurs de transcription de type AP1/CREB, et que ces sites fixent spécifiquement des protéines de la cellule-hôte, Sf9. Par ailleurs, dans le contexte de l'infection, ces sites sont nécessaires à la transactivation médiée par le facteur viral très précoce IE1 qui se fixe lui aussi sur les hrs. Cette étude montre pour la première fois l'implication de facteurs cellulaires dans ce mécanisme de transactivation virale. La progression de ces travaux a cependant été freinée par le peu de données disponibles sur les gènes exprimés par Sf9. Pour en faciliter l'accès, nous avons donc construit une banque d'ADNc, dont l'exploitation fait l'objet de la deuxième partie de ce mémoire. Son criblage a permis d'obtenir la séquence complète de l'ADN complémentaire du gène hsp90 chez S. frugiperda, et d'en déterminer les principales caractéristiques. Par ailleurs, le séquençage à grande échelle de la banque a conduit à la constitution d'une banque d'ESTs, permettant l'identification de la quasi-totalité des gènes de protéines ribosomales. L'analyse de leur séquence a révélé l'existence de particularités qui semblent restreintes aux insectes et aux lépidoptères, un résultat inattendu compte tenu de la grande conservation de ces gènes entre espèces.

Malaria is a life threatening parasite disease caused and transmitted by infected female anopheles mosquito. However, the parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, has become resistant to most anti malarial drugs, such as chloroquine, which contributes to fever and anaemia because of its ability to digest the haemoglobin in the red blood cells. The aims of this project were to establish whether “Bac to Bac” Baculoviral Expression System is suitable for expression of pfmdr 1 gene and for purification of the pgh 1 protein. The pfmdr 1 gene encodes an ABC transporter protein, pgh 1, fixed in the cell membrane of the Plasmodium falciparuum gut, which assist in elimination of drug compounds. Furthermore, “Bac to Bac” Baculoviral Expression System uses vectors with histidine tags to clone the pfmdr 1 gene and subsequently transform these into DH10Bac cells to produce the recombinant bacmid DNA. Since pfmdr 1 gene is an AT-rich sequence, PCR was optimized, by lowering the annealing and extension temperature to 47Co and 66Co respectively. The results show that “Bac to Bac” Baculoviral Expression System can be used to express the pfmdr 1 gene, though further experiments has to be performed.

<p>Malaria is a life threatening parasite disease caused and transmitted by infected female anopheles mosquito. However, the parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, has become resistant to most anti malarial drugs, such as chloroquine, which contributes to fever and anaemia because of its ability to digest the haemoglobin in the red blood cells. The aims of this project were to establish whether “Bac to Bac” Baculoviral Expression System is suitable for expression of pfmdr 1 gene and for purification of the pgh 1 protein. The pfmdr 1 gene encodes an ABC transporter protein, pgh 1, fixed in the cell membrane of the Plasmodium falciparuum gut, which assist in elimination of drug compounds. Furthermore, “Bac to Bac” Baculoviral Expression System uses vectors with histidine tags to clone the pfmdr 1 gene and subsequently transform these into DH10Bac cells to produce the recombinant bacmid DNA. Since pfmdr 1 gene is an AT-rich sequence, PCR was optimized, by lowering the annealing and extension temperature to 47Co and 66Co respectively. The results show that “Bac to Bac” Baculoviral Expression System can be used to express the pfmdr 1 gene, though further experiments has to be performed.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:02:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4328.pdf: 9852557 bytes, checksum: 9a38f4661fc82092a95f76aa328b7cf9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-16 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / In recent years, the technology animal cells culture has allowed the development of many byproducts, especially those with pharmacological interest. Some of these products, the recombinant proteins, can be produced by heterologous expression systems on a commercial scale. Bacteria, yeast, mammalian cells and insects are some of the hosts used in these processes. As source of proteins with farmacological interest, the catterpillar Lonomia obliqua hemolinph was demonstrated to be a helpful organismo. Antiviral, antiapoptotic, antimicrobial and inducing growth proteins, are some of examples. Since the control of viral infections is a major interest to public health, the searching for new antiviral drugs has utmost importance. Several studies have reported the presence of active principles in the arthropods hemolymph. Recently, we demonstrated the existence of an antiviral protein in the hemolymph of the caterpillar Lonomia obliqua. This purified protein induced viral production reduction (TCID50 mL-1) over 157 times in cells infected with the measles virus, 61 times for polio and 61 times for influenza virus H1N1 infections. Thus, the present goals were building and expression of a recombinant plasmid contained coding sequences for expression of viral proteins (using baculovirus) in insect cell Sf-9 system. By this process, it was aimed to test biological activity of the protein. Further sequence analyses of this protein were performed using bioinformatics tools. The RNA of L. obliqua was extracted with Trizol reagent. RNA product was used in RT-PCR reactions with primers specific for the antiviral protein, based on the sequence of the cDNA libraries of L. obliqua tegument and spines, using all possible frame of translation for each cDNA. Restriction sites were inserted in cDNA sequence to insert it in pFastBacTM1 donor vector (Invitrogen). The sequence contained in selected clone of Escherichia coli DH5&#945; was used for transformation into E. coli DH10Bac to obtain a bacmid by transposition process. This bacmid was used for antiviral recombinant protein expression in Sf-9 cells. This recombinant protein activity was tested in Picorna (EMC enchephalomiocardite), Rubeola and Herpes virus. In these trials, it was observed a replication reduction of 10,000, 10,000 and 1,000000 times, respectively. The bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that this protein is secreted, globular and probably belongs to a new class of proteins. / A tecnologia de cultivo de celulas animais tem permitido nos ultimos anos o desenvolvimento de inumeros bioprodutos. Principalmente com interesse farmacologico, alguns desses produtos, as proteinas recombinantes, podem ser produzidas em sistemas de expressao heterologos em escala comercial. Bacterias, leveduras, celulas de mamiferos e de insetos sao alguns dos hospedeiros utilizados nestes processos. Como fonte de proteinas de interesse farmacologico, a hemolinfa da lagarta Lonomia obliqua mostrou-se um organismo bastante promissor. Proteinas antivirais, antiapoptoticas, antimicrobianas e indutoras de crescimento sao alguns destes exemplos. Como o controle das infeccoes virais e de grande interesse pra saude publica, a busca por novos antivirais e de extrema importancia. Diversos estudos relatam a presenca de principios ativos na hemolinfa de artropodes. Recentemente nos demonstramos a existencia de uma proteina antiviral na hemolinfa da lagarta Lonomia obliqua. Esta proteina purificada mostrou-se capaz de reduzir a producao viral (TCID50 mL 1) mais de 157 vezes o virus do sarampo, 61 vezes para o virus da polio e 61 vezes para o virus influenza H1N1. Assim, este estudo objetivou a construcao e expressao de um recombinante contendo sequencias de codificacao da proteina antiviral para a expressao em sistema baculovirus/celula de inseto Sf-9 e a realizacao de testes de atividade biologica e caracterizacao por bioinformatica. Para sintetizar cDNA, o RNA de L. obliqua foi extraido com o reagente Trizol e usado nas reacoes de RT-PCR com primers especificos para a proteina antiviral, com base na sequencia das bibliotecas de cDNA de L. obliqua de tegumento e espiculas, utilizando todos os frames de traducao possiveis para cada cDNA. Sitios de restricao foram inseridos no cDNA para ligacao ao vetor doador pFastBacTM 1 (Invitrogen). O plasmideo recombinante selecionado em Escherichia coli DH5&#945; foi utilizado na transformacao em E. coli DH10Bac para a obtencao do bacmideo pelo processo de transposicao. O bacmideo recombinante foi utilizado para a expressao da proteina antiviral em celulas SF-9. A atividade desta proteina recombinante foi testada em Picornavirus (EMC - encephalomiocardite), Rubeola e Herpes. Nestes testes foi observado que a proteina reduziu em 10.000, 10.000 e 1.000.000 a titulacao viral, respectivamente. As analises de bioinformatica demonstraram que esta proteina e secretada, globular e provavelmente pertenca a uma nova classe de proteinas.

O interesse em estudar o cultivo das células de inseto está relacionado entre outros usos a sua utilização na produção de biopesticidas. Há muitos anos os pesticidas químicos vêm contribuindo no controle de pragas na agricultura. Entretanto, o uso desses compostos prolongadamente tem resultado na seleção de insetos resistentes e em poluição ambiental. Diante disso, torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento e aprimoramento dos bioinseticidas. No Brasil, o baculovírus Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) foi o principal agente de controle biológico da praga da soja Anticarsia gemmatalis. Assim, estudos que viabilizem a produção desses vírus in vitro possibilitariam uma produção mais controlada e de melhor qualidade desses biopesticidas. Neste trabalho, investigou-se a suscetibilidade à infecção por AgMNPV de diferentes linhagens celulares de Sf21 e o crescimento dessas células em diferentes sistemas: cultivos em schotts, em spinner e em biorreator, variando-se a idade do inóculo (IA) e a concentração celular inicial (X0). Constatou-se variação no perfil de infecção das linhagens, sendo as linhagens mais adequadas para a produção de bioinseticida as linhagens de Sf21 denominadas EMBRAPA, UFRN e GibcoG, uma vez que estas apresentaram mais do que 40 % das células com poliedros em cultivos em suspensão, enquanto a linhagem denominada GibcoSF teve menos de 2 % das células infectadas com poliedros. Ao se estudar o efeito do número de subcultivos na morfologia e crescimento celular, foi averiguado um aumento no diâmetro de 10 % e no volume de 26 % das células UFRN em relação às células GibcoSF. Além disso, o crescimento das células UFRN foi 49% menor do que das células GibcoSF. Quando realizado o Delineamento Composto Central Rotacional (DCCR) para se analisar o efeito da IA e a X0 na taxa de crescimento específica máxima (?max) e na concentração celular máxima (Xvmax) em cultivos em schott com células UFRN, obteve-se um modelo empírico. Quando analisadas as variáveis IA e X0 separadamente, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas para as respostas Xvmax e ?max em relação a X0. Para a IA, entretanto, obteve-se os resultados mais satisfatórios para os inóculos com IA de 72 e 96 horas: Xvmax de 5,97.106 cel/mL e 5,99.106 cel/mL, e ?max de 0,70 dia-1 e 0,63 dia-1, respectivamente. Nos cultivos em spinner com células UFRN, foi observada a formação de grumos, o que levou a Xvmax de 2,00.106 cel/mL. No cultivo em biorreator com células UFRN, foi obtido um Xvmax de 6,21.106 cel/mL, ?max de 0,70 dia-1, Qo2 na fase exponencial de 67,3 ± 3,6 .10-18 molO2/cel/s, rendimento de glicose em célula igual a 1,0.109 cel/g de glicose e um rendimento de glutamina em células de 3,0.109 cel/mL. Comprovou-se, portanto, a existência de alterações na infecção entre diferentes linhagens de Sf21; a importância do estado fisiológico da célula nos subcultivos, a ocorrência de mudanças no crescimento celular de acordo com os sistemas de cultivo e o efeito do número de subcultivos na morfologia e crescimento de células Sf21. / Investigate the cultivation of insect cells is related to its use in the production of biopesticides among others. For many years, chemical pesticides have contributed in pest control in agriculture. However, the use of these compounds for prolonged periods has resulted in the selection of resistant insects and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary the development and improvement of biopesticides. In Brazil, the baculovirus Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) is the main biological control agent of the plague of soy Anticarsia gemmatalis. Thus, studies that enhance the production of these viruses in vitro would allow a more controlled production and better quality of biopesticides. In the present research, it was investigated the susceptibility of different Sf21 cell lines to infection by AgMNPV and the growth of these cells in different systems: cultivations in schotts, in spinner flasks and in bioreactor, varying the inoculum age (IA) and initial cell concentration (X0). Variation was observed in the lineage\'s infection profile. The most appropriate lineage for the production of biopesticida where the ones denominated EMBRAPA, UFRN and GibcoG, since these showed more than 40% of the infected cells with polyhedra, while the one denominated GibcoSF had less than 2% of the infected cells with polyhedra. When studying the effect of the number of subcultures in morphology and in cell growth, an increase of 10% of the diameter and 26% in the volume of the UFRN cells was observed compared to the GibcoSF cells. Moreover, the cell growth of UFRN was 49% lower than the GibcoSF\'s. When performed the Rotational Central Composite Design (RCCD) to analyze the effect of IA and X0, the maximum specific growth rate (?max) and the maximum cell concentration (Xvmax) in cultures in schott with UFRN cells, it was obtained an empirical model. When the IA and X0 were separately analysed, it was not found significant differences for Xvmax and ?max in relation to X0. For IA, however, it was achieved the most satisfactory results for inocula with IA of 72 and 96 hours: Xvmax equals to 5.97x106 cells/mL and to 5.99x106 cells/ml, and ?max of 0.70 day-1 and 0.63 day-1, respectively. Cultures in spinner with UFRN cells clumped what led to Xvmax of 2.00x106 cells/mL. In cultivation in bioreactor with UFRN cells, was reached Xvmax of 6.21x106 cells/mL, ?max of 0.70 day-1, Qo2 in the exponential phase of 67.3 ± 3.6x10-18 molO2/cell/s, glucose to the cell yield equal to 1.0x109 cell/g of glucose and glutamine to cell yield of 3.0x109 cell/g of glutamine. It was shown, therefore, the existence of the infection alterations among different lineages of Sf21, the importance of the physiological state of the cell for the subcultivation, the occurrence of changes in cell growth according to the cultivation systems and the effect of the number of subcultivation in morphology and in growth of Sf21 cells.

Com o objetivo de estudar a interação do HAdV-41 com células permissivas, primeiramente foi observada a cinética de infecção do HAdV-41 em células HEK-293, durante 7 dias. A seguir, as culturas foram analisadas por MCVL e por MET. O HAdV-41 apresentou um ciclo replicativo lento com liberação da progênie viral por mecanismo não lítico. A seguir, com o intuíto de verificar a participação da proteina FC do HAdV-41 nas etapas de entrada nas células HEK-293 e CaCo2, obteve-se os dodecaedros recombinantes (DR) em células High five (base-Ad3, base-Ad3+FC-Ad41, base-Ad3+FL-Ad41, baseRGEHS-Ad3+FCAd41 e base-Ad3+FAd3). Esses dodecaedros foram inoculados em células HEK-293 e CaCo2. Após a análise por MCVL, observou-se que a proteína FC talvez não desempenhe função na entrada do DR nas células estudadas. A seguir, uma alíquota do DR base-Ad3+FC-Ad41 foi digerida com a enzima pepsina e analisada por WB. Notou-se que a FC sofreu proteólise. Acredita-se que essa proteólise seja necessária para o reconhecimento de receptores no trato gastro-intestinal. Esses resultados fornecerão subsídeos para o desenvolvimento de vetores de terapia gênica direcionada para o epitélio intestinal e vetores vacinais administrados por via oral. / Our objective was study the interaction between HAdV-41 and permissive cells. First, it was observed the kinetic of infection between HAdV-41 and HEK-293 cells, for 7 days. Second, the cultures were analyzed by CLSM and by TEM. The HAdV-41 showed a slower replicative cycle with release of viral progeny by non-lytic mechanisms. In order to verify the participation of SF protein of the HAdV-41 during the phases of entry in HEK-293 and CaCo2 cells, we producted recombinant dodecahedrons (DR) in high five cells (base-Ad3, base-Ad3+SF-Ad41, base-Ad3+SF-Ad41, baseRGEHS-Ad3+SFAd41 and base-Ad3+FAd3). These decahedrons were inoculated in HEK-293 and CaCo2 cells. After analysis with CLSM, observed that SF protein may not have a role in dodecahedron entry in the cells studied. Next, recombinant dodecahedrons base-Ad3+SF-Ad41 and base-Ad3 were digested with pepsin and analyzed by WB. We observed proteolysis of the SF. We believe that this proteolysis may be necessary for the recognition of receptors in intestinal cells. The results obtained will be the base for the development of gene-therapy vectors directed to intestinal epithelium, as well as orally administered vaccine vectors.