Using asset prices to explain the fluctuations of nominal exchange rate is popular for decades. A majority of papers focused on Monetary Model but failed to make a consistent conclusion. In this article, we suggest that the failure of monetary model might be coming from the basic assumption of taking different countries¡¦ assets as ¡§perfect substitutes¡¨. Under such circumstances, we introduce another model named as ¡§Portfolio Balance Model¡¨ where assets of different countries are no longer be taken as ¡§perfect substitutes¡¨ , implying that UIP( Uncoverd Interest Rate Parity)exist no more either. We do not overthrow the entire theory of Monetary Model. Instead, we expect the combination of these two models will turn something out that can be much more general, consistent, and robust. We take Canada as our domestic currency and adopt Johansen(1988) and Stock & Walson(1988) by using co-integration to test on three exchange rates relation (USD/CAD,GBP/CAD,JPY/CAD) from 1973 Q1 to 2004 Q4. It turns out that most of the coefficient are correct and passing statistical significance, such result suggest that the portfolio balance effect should not be ignored in the model.

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PIM ¡]Processor-in-Memory¡^ architectures have been proposed in recent years for the purpose of reducing performance gap between processor and memory. This new class of computer architectures attempts to integrate processor and memory on a single one chip¡CWe proposed a new transformation and parallelizing system named SAGE ¡]Statement Analysis Group Evaluation¡^to fully utilize the host processor and memory processors in PIM systems. In this thesis, we focus on designing a load-balance optimization mechanism for the job scheduling. The experimental results of this mechanism are also discussed.

Estimating original hydrocarbons in place (OHIP) in a reservoir is fundamentally important to estimating reserves and potential profitability. Quantifying the uncertainties in OHIP estimates can improve reservoir development and investment decision-making for individual reservoirs and can lead to improved portfolio performance. Two traditional methods for estimating OHIP are volumetric and material balance methods. Probabilistic estimates of OHIP are commonly generated prior to significant production from a reservoir by combining volumetric analysis with Monte Carlo methods. Material balance is routinely used to analyze reservoir performance and estimate OHIP. Although material balance has uncertainties due to errors in pressure and other parameters, probabilistic estimates are seldom done. In this thesis I use a Bayesian formulation to integrate volumetric and material balance analyses and to quantify uncertainty in the combined OHIP estimates. Specifically, I apply Bayes?? rule to the Havlena and Odeh material balance equation to estimate original oil in place, N, and relative gas-cap size, m, for a gas-cap drive oil reservoir. The paper considers uncertainty and correlation in the volumetric estimates of N and m (reflected in the prior probability distribution), as well as uncertainty in the pressure data (reflected in the likelihood distribution). Approximation of the covariance of the posterior distribution allows quantification of uncertainty in the estimates of N and m resulting from the combined volumetric and material balance analyses. Several example applications to illustrate the value of this integrated approach are presented. Material balance data reduce the uncertainty in the volumetric estimate, and the volumetric data reduce the considerable non-uniqueness of the material balance solution, resulting in more accurate OHIP estimates than from the separate analyses. One of the advantages over reservoir simulation is that, with the smaller number of parameters in this approach, we can easily sample the entire posterior distribution, resulting in more complete quantification of uncertainty. The approach can also detect underestimation of uncertainty in either volumetric data or material balance data, indicated by insufficient overlap of the prior and likelihood distributions. When this occurs, the volumetric and material balance analyses should be revisited and the uncertainties of each reevaluated.

The environmental impacts of broiler production have recently gained considerable public attention due to concerns regarding the amount of ammonia (NH3) released into the atmosphere from poultry facilities. Sound scientific data are needed to accurately estimate the production of manure waste products and gaseous emissions. This research project was undertaken to quantify nitrogen (N) loss through air emissions from a broiler grow-out facility over 18 consecutive flocks using the mass balance method. Measurement of litter and caked litter (cake) mass at the end of each flock allowed for the calculation of litter and cake production rates for broilers reared on recycled rice hull litter. Nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) content of all litter materials was also measured. Broilers were reared in a research facility under simulated commercial conditions. All input materials (birds, feed, and litter) used in this study were obtained directly from a commercial broiler integrator to assure applicability to the broiler industry. The litter management technique of ??top-dressing?? was also investigated to determine its effects on N emissions and litter and cake production rates. Nitrogen emissions, litter and cake production rates, and nutrient density of litter materials were found to vary significantly between flocks reared at different times of the year. Nitrogen emissions were significantly greater for summer flocks than winter flocks. Average N loss over all 18 flocks was 11.07 g N/kg of marketed broiler (g N/kg). Nitrogen partitioning as a percentage of inputs averaged 15.29, 6.84, 55.52, 1.27, and 21.08% for litter, caked litter, broiler carcasses, mortalities and nitrogen loss, respectively, over all 18 flocks. Litter and cake production was lower in the summer compared to winter. Average litter, cake, and all litter (litter + cake) production was 153.3, 74.8, and 228.2 g of dry litter material/kg of marketed broiler. Litter and cake phosphorus and potassium content was elevated during summer flocks, while litter material N content decreased in summer flocks. Therefore, season of the year is an important factor that scientists and broiler producers must take into account when performing measurements and calculations, sampling litter materials and air emissions, and developing nutrient management plans.

The presence of a blockage in a pipeline will alter the fluid dynamics of a flowing system in terms of the heat, mass and velocity characteristics. The analysis of the fluid dynamics is based on balances taken on the overall system to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the effects of the blockage. Pioneer work in the area of mass and momentum effects of blockages led to the development of blockage type curves useful in characterizing blockages from limited information. This work is an extension of previous work and is based on the application of a simplistic energy balance approach to characterize blockages in pipelines. The resulting heat models for the case of both a partially and fully-blocked flowline correctly predict the effect of wax deposition. Dimensionless temperature-based blockage maps developed here can be used in modeling unique cases where only two of the three necessary conditions are given. The heat model matches results from commercial software within a limited range of restricted flow conditions.

This thesis defines the Energy Balance Load ( BL E ) as the difference between the heating requirements plus the electric gains in the building and the cooling coil loads. It then applies a first law energy balance in conjunction with the concepts of analytical redundancy (AR) and trend checking to demonstrate that measured values of BL E can be compared with the simulated characteristic ambient temperature-based BL E to serve as a useful tool to identify bad data. Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis are introduced to analyze the impact of each building or system parameter to the simulated values of BL E . A Visual Basic for Application (VBA) program has been developed through this research work, which applies the methodology illustrated in this thesis to automatically prescreen the measured building energy consumption data with the inputs of several key parameters. Through case studies of six on-campus buildings, the methodology and the program successfully identified monitored consumption data that appears to be erroneous, which may result from incorrect scale factors of the sensors and the operational changes to the building that may enormously affect the key parameters as the simulation inputs. Finally, suggestions are given for the on-line diagnostics of sensor signals.

Studies in other species indicate high protein diets increase urinary calcium (Ca) excretion and may lead to negative calcium balance and reduced bone density. As overfeeding of protein is commonplace in the horse industry, this study was undertaken to determine the effects of excess dietary protein on growth, physiologic response, mineral balance, bone density, and bone geometry in immature horses. Sixteen 10-month-old American Quarter Horses were blocked by age and sex into two dietary treatments. The control diet was formulated to provide the NRC (1989) recommended concentration of crude protein, while the high protein diet provided 130% of NRC (1989) recommendations. All other nutrients were formulated at or slightly above NRC (1989) recommendations. Blood samples, feces, and urine were collected during the 116-day study to determine any diet effect on pH and mineral balance. Radiographs were made of the left third metacarpal (MCIII) to determine bone density via radiographic bone aluminum equivalence (RBAE), and bone geometry was determined metrically from the radiographs. Urine pH decreased over time (p < 0.001), but there were no diet effects on blood pH or urine pH. Conversely, when normalized to day 0 values, fecal pH was reduced by feeding the high protein treatment (p < 0.02). Density of dorsal and palmar cortices increased over time (p < 0.001), but no differences were observed between diets. But, normalized total medial-lateral (ML) width of the MCIII was higher in the control diet (p < 0.05). Fecal Ca loss was greater in horses fed the high protein diet (p < 0.005), while Ca absorption and retention were lower for horses on the high protein treatment (p < 0.02). Phosphorus (P) balance was not different between diets, although feeding the high protein diet resulted in higher P intake overall (p < 0.001). While excess dietary protein may decrease fecal pH, increase fecal Ca excretion, and decrease Ca absorption and retention, there was no consistent effect of the high protein diet on bone density over the course of this study. Further research is necessary to determine if feeding high-protein diets is detrimental to bone quality in the growing horse.