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La question de l’équilibre des intérêts juridiquement protégés pour procéder à la disparition de l’acte individuel créateur de droits illégal est traditionnellement envisagée sous l’angle de l’affrontement de principes juridiques. Il appartient alors au juge et, dans une certaine mesure, au législateur de les concilier. L’évolution des règles entourant les conditions de disparition des actes individuels créateurs de droits, a permis de mettre en évidence d’autres zones de redéfinition de cet équilibre. Les notions, concepts déployés au sein des règles structurant le régime jouent, à ce titre, un rôle fondamental. La mesure de l’équilibre des intérêts juridiquement protégés passe, en outre, par l’observation des comportements subversifs et volontaristes du juge. C’est ce regard d’ensemble qui permettra de porter une appréciation des conditions de cet équilibre morcelé. / The question of the balance of legally protected interests, to proceed with the disappearance of the individual creative act of illegal duties is traditionally viewed from the perspective of opposing legal principles. It is then up to the judge and to some extent the legislature to reconcile the two. The evolution of the rules surrounding the conditions of the disappearance of creative individual acts helped to highlight other areas needed to redefine this balance. The ideas and concepts, deployed in structuring the regime as such rules play a fundamental role. The extent of the balance of legally protected interests goes further by observing the subversive and proactive behavior of the judge. It is this overall view that will make an assessment of the conditions of this balance; fragmented.

Ce travail se propose d’étudier la notion d’« équilibre » non pas selon les méthodes « traditionnelles » (conceptualiste, essentialiste) mais à partir de l’analyse des différents discours dans lesquels elle est utilisée, ou dit autrement, selon ces fonctions dans le langage. La méthode analytique est en effet la plus adaptée pour dégager quelques éléments de connaissance sur cette notion employée de manière disparate par le législateur (lato sensu), les juges et la doctrine.A l’instar de Socrate qui préférait étudier la Justice en « majuscule » dans la cité avant d’étudier celle ci en « minuscule » chez l’homme, il nous a semblé utile, voire nécessaire, d’étudier, en amont, les discours de l’équilibre en droit afin de nous doter d’une grille d’analyse exploitable dans la matière du droit d’auteur. Parmi les résultats, il convient de noter que les usages du terme par la doctrine actuelle en droit d’auteur présentent une particularité. Contradictoires et poursuivant des objectifs antagonistes, ces usages attestent d’une absence flagrante d’unité sémantique. La fonction rhétorique du terme lui fait perdre tout caractère scientifique. / This work proposes to study the notion of "balance" not according to the "traditional" methods (conceptualist, essentialist) but from the analysis of the different discourses in which it is used, or said otherwise, according to these functions in the language.The analytic method is indeed the most adapted to reveal some elements of knowledge on this notion used in a disparate way by the legislator (lato sensu), the judges and the doctrine. Like Socrates who preferred to study justice in "capital" in the city before studying it in "tiny" in humans, it seemed useful, even necessary, to study, upstream, the discourses of balance in law in order to provide us with an analysis grid exploitable in the copyright field. Among the results, it should be noted that the uses ofthe term by the current copyright doctrine have a particularity. Contradictory and pursuing antagonistic objectives, these usages attest to a flagrant absence of semantic unity. The rhetorical function of the term makes him lose all scientific character.

S'il est admis que le droit d'auteur est en crise, la doctrine est partagée sur la détermination des causes et de la nature de celle-ci. La présente thèse se propose de modéliser le droit d'auteur selon une approche systémique et substantielle. L'analyse de système permet d'en dégager les principaux caractères structurels et organisationnels, afin de comprendre les phénomènes qui le déstabilisent. La qualification du droit d'auteur en droit fondamental transforme inéluctablement la manière d'envisager les relations entre les normes juridiques du droit d'auteur et, au-delà, la manière de pondérer les différents droits et intérêts concernés par la création et l'exploitation des oeuvres de l'esprit. Cette modélisation révèle une défaillance d'effectivité de certaines normes juridiques du droit d'auteur et une incohérence axiologique entre ses objectifs substantiels et sa mise en oeuvre concrète : l'équilibre des intérêts, qui justifie l'existence du monopole, est rompu. Il existe de nombreuses solutions pour corriger la crise du droit d'auteur. Celles consistant à appréhender le droit d'auteur comme un système ouvert et à tirer toutes les conséquences de sa qualité de droit fondamental doivent être privilégiées. À titre principal, une réévaluation du périmètre et du statut juridique des limites et exceptions, et surtout l'application systématique par le juge d'un véritable contrôle de proportionnalité lorsque le droit de l'auteur ou l'une de ses exceptions sont atteints, pourraient redonner toute sa cohérence au droit d'auteur / The copyright crisis is a well-known topic ; however, legal doctrine disputes about its causes and nature. This thesis proposes a systemic and substantive approach of copyright. The systemic analysis allows to highlight its structural and organisational features and to understand the phenomenas which are serioulsy destabilizing it. The fundamental right qualification of copyright inevitably leads to transform the way legal standards must be articulated and, even further, the way all different interests concerned by creation and exploitation of intellectual works must be balanced. This modelling reveals a set of legal standards empirical validity failure and an axiological incoherence between its substantive aims and its practical implementation : balance of interests, which justifies granting a monopoly, is broken. This crisis can be dealt with several proposals. We have to prefer those which consider copyright as an open system and which draw all the consequences of its fundamental right nature. Mainly, the limit and exceptions legal status and perimeter revaluation, and more important, the systematic use of proportionality control by the judge when the right of the author or the rights of the public are infringed, could re-establish copyright its consistency. In fine, the objet of this thesis is to advocate an approach which links and does not separate the formal and substantive aspects of copyright and, more extensively, of legal systems

Title of the thesis: Current issues of the copyright of the EU: transformation of the copyright in the information society The aim of this master's thesis is to analyse the current issues of the copyright of the EU and identify possible future trends, which should find their way to the upcoming third wave of harmonisation by European Commission. Therefore the master's thesis is based on the analysis of the issues identified for the revision of European copyright by European Commission itself in the recent public consultation. The issues were analysed in three steps to attend the aim. Firstly, the scope of identified issues for revision of the law is analysed. It was assumed, that the issues presented by Commission are requesting legislative action because of the lack of applicable solutions or due to high rate of legal uncertainty. Secondly, the current state of European copyright in issues was tested for striking the fair balance of stakeholder in the light of the utilitarian theory of copyright. Based on the previous two steps, possible future trends recommendable for the revision of the European Copyright were identified. Therefore, the main aim of the master's thesis was achieved successfully. Mostly due to still existing juridical solutions, the original premise about the scope of issues being...

Esta investigación aborda la necesidad de proteger las cuentas sueldo respecto a la compensación bancaria por incumplimiento de obligaciones. Con ella se busca analizar cómo deben proceder las entidades financieras para lograr el cobro efectivo de la deuda sin afectar la naturaleza de la remuneración debido a que los funcionarios bancarios, en determinadas operaciones, procedieron de forma errónea ocasionando una afectación a los usuarios por decisiones tomadas en las que no se tuvieron en cuenta sus preferencias u opiniones. Respecto a la metodología utilizada, esta fue analítica resultando producto de los conocimientos adquiridos y la recopilación de información sobre el problema abordado, estableciéndose así dos objetivos específicos a alcanzar. El primero es analizar la afectación de las cuentas sueldo por incumplimiento de obligaciones, y el segundo es proponer fundamentos sólidos para establecer la necesidad de una protección legal adecuada para las cuentas de sueldo en el contexto de la compensación bancaria por incumplimiento de obligaciones. Por lo tanto, una vez que se haya determinado si es necesario establecer una protección jurídica para las cuentas sueldo en base a los fundamentos brindados, podremos equilibrar los intereses de las entidades financieras y la de los usuarios titulares de esas cuentas. De esta forma, se debe brindar un marco regulatorio que garantice la seguridad jurídica y asegure un sistema financiero más justo y equitativo para todos los involucrados. / This research addresses the need to protect salary accounts concerning bank compensation for failure of obligations. In this sense, it seeks to analyze how financial entities should act to achieve the effective collection of the debt without affecting the nature of the remuneration. Bank officials, in certain operations, acted erroneously, causing harm to users due to decisions made without considering their preferences or opinions. Regarding the methodology used, it was analytical, resulting from acquired knowledge and the collection of information on the addressed issue. Thus, two specific objectives were established. The first is to analyze the affectation of salary accounts due to breach of obligations, and the second is to propose solid foundations to establish the need for adequate legal protection for salary accounts in the context of bank compensation. Therefore, once it has been determined whether it is necessary to establish legal protection for salary accounts based on the provided foundations, we can balance the interests of the financial institutions and those of the users holding these accounts. In this way, a regulatory framework must be provided that ensures legal security and ensures a fair and equitable financial system for all parties involved.

近年來頻傳科技業高階主管跳槽到競爭對手，而我國於二〇一三年增訂營業秘密的刑事責任，營業秘密的保護與人才流動兩者之間的關係，越來越受到關注，特別是台積電與梁孟松案，智慧財產法院於二〇一二年三月台積電訴梁孟松案假處分裁定採納不可避免揭露原則，在後續的判決中亦論及不可避免揭露原則，使此一原則開始受到國內智慧財產權法實務及學術界之相當關注。 不可避免揭露原則係源自美國法上之司法實踐，本文首先介紹美國法上不可避免揭露原則的理論基礎，透過五個重要判決（Allis-Chalmers v. Continental案、PepsiCo v. Redmond案、Bimbo v. Botticella案、Whyte v. Schlage案和EarthWeb v. Schlack案）介紹不可避免揭露原則的發展，分析不可避免揭露原則的要素，包括兩間公司的競爭程度、營業秘密之認定、員工職務的近似程度、違反誠信的行為和與保密協議、競業禁止條款的關係，並且整理出四種不同的適用類型即完全適用、擴張適用、限縮適用和拒絕適用，繼而以之分析美國各州的適用情形。最後，回歸到我國台積電訴梁孟松案，分析該案是否適合導入或參考美國法之不可避免揭露原則之各項考量因素，並評析法院對於不可避免揭露原則的見解包括採納不可避免揭露原則的適用類型，輔以我國目前實務發展，探討不可避免揭露原則是否應該引入我國，包括是否違反我國法律規定、與美國法制的差異是否影響不可避免揭露原則的適用和價值衡平與政策考量。 / In recent years, hi-tech companies in Taiwan occasionally need to cope with crisis where their executives decide to join competitors’ firms. Along with the 2013 amendment in Trade Secrets Law, which crminizlized trade secrets infringemenet, the relationship between the trade secret protection and job mobility has drew wide attention from IP practitioers and academia. In the case of TSMC v. Liang, the Intellectual Property Court first applied the inevitable disclosure doctrine in an injunction relief. Since the inevitable disclosure doctrine originates from the judicial development of the United States (U.S) trade secret law, the thesis first introduces the basic idea of the inevitable disclosure doctrine in the U.S., and then through five representative cases, including Allis-Calmers v. Continental, PepsiCo v. Redmond, Bimbo v. Botticella, Whyte v. Schlage, and EarthWeb v. Schlack. It then investigates the overall development of the inevitable disclosure doctrine in the U.S.. Based on the case-law development, the thesis further analyzes the essential factors of the inevitable disclosure doctrine incluing the competition between rivals, indentification of trade secrets, job similarity, dishonest act and the relationship with non-disclosure agreement and covenant not to compete. It also catalgorizes four types of judicial application of the inevitable disclosure doctrine, including the original, extended, limited and rejected type. Furthermore, the thesis analyzes the type of application of the inevitable disclosure doctrine in each state in the U.S.. Last but not least, back to TSMC v. Liang, the thesis analyzes if the above-mentioned factors of the inevitable disclosure doctrine fit in the case, and reviews the court ruling about the inevitable disclosure doctrine. In conclusion, based on the current development of judicial practice, the thesis assesses the application of inevitable disclosure doctrine in Trade Secrets Law in Taiwan with the polict goal to balance various interests.