Zugl.: Sibiu, Univ., Diss., 2008.

“Surrounded by Lights” explores the indoctrination of a society under Hitler’s control into the radical beliefs of Nazism, drawing from the author’s own familial history, as well as secondary sources. The result is the tale of a young girl named Greta who is growing up in the Banat region (an outpost of Germany) during World War II. Greta struggles to cope with the absence of her father, especially in moments of displayed violence initiated by the Reich.

<p>Istraživanje je fokusirano na ispitivanje uloge centara sela u<br />seoskoj zajednici, razvoj i transformaciju seoskih javnih prostora na<br />području Banata u savremenim granicama Vojvodine, kao i<br />međuzavisnosti tih transformacija centara sela i raznih uticajnih<br />faktora, pre svega društvenih, političkih, kulturoloških, religijskih<br />i ekonomskih. Analiza obuhvata vreme od XVIII do XXI veka, unutar kojeg<br />su definisana četiri perioda u kojima se razmatra transformacija<br />prostora po utvrđenim tematskim pitanjima: mesto u seoskoj strukturi,<br />oblik, način ulivanja ulica, funkcija slobodnog prostora,<br />arhitektonski okvir i prostorni mobilijar javnih prostora sela.</p> / <p>The study is focused on examining the role of village centers in rural<br />communities, the development and transformation of rural public space in<br />Banat region of nowadays Vojvodina, as well as the interdependence of<br />these transformations and various influencing factors: social, political,<br />cultural, religious and economic. The analysis covers the period from 18th to<br />21st century in which four periods were defined, exploring the transformation<br />of the space based on a predefined set of thematic issues: place in the<br />village structure, its shape, the way streets are flowing through the space,<br />function of free space, architectural framework and spatial street furniture in<br />public space of villages.</p>

<p>Prvim delom rada su obuhvaćene op&scaron;te karakteristike sliva Tami&scaron;a i njegovog toka. Tami&scaron; u na&scaron;oj zemlji ima sve karakteristike ravničarske reke. Izvire ispod vrha Semenik u Rumuniji, a u&scaron;će mu se nalazi kod Pančeva. Generalno tok Tami&scaron;a ima oblik polukruga okrenutog ka severu. Ukupna dužina Tami&scaron;a iznosi 340 km, dok u na&scaron;oj zemlji on ima dužinu od 118 km. Sliv Tami&scaron;a u Jugoslaviji obuhvata delove srednjeg i južnog Banata, a prostire se preko 7 geomorfolo&scaron;kih celina, na povr&scaron;ini od 1528,5 km2. Posle obrade režima vodostaja se može konstatovati da Tami&scaron; ima pojavu visokih voda u aprilu, a zatim u maju, a najnižih u oktobru i septembru. Prema tome on pripada centralno-evropskoj varijanti, pluvio-nivalnog režima. Drugi deo ovog rada je posvećen vodoprivrednim karakteristikama i problemima Potami&scaron;ja. Ono u celini ima povr&scaron;inu od 1.194,7 km2, sa 121.596 stanovnika (popis 1991). Na ovom području nalazimo 20 naselja, od kojih samo Pančevo ima karakter gradskog naselja. Bitne karakteristike Potami&scaron;ja se sastoje u njegovom depopulacionom karakteru i slaboj privrednoj razvijenosti sa dominacijom agrara. Ovaj prostor se odlikuje izvođenjem kompleksnih regulacionih radova tokom poslednjih 250 godina. Regulacije su obavile korenite promene u hidrogeografiji i geografskom pejzažu Potami&scaron;ja. Pomenimo samo neke: skraćivanje toka Tami&scaron;a u Jugoslaviji za 79 km, prokopavanje Kara&scaron;ca, izgradnja 3 ustave na Tami&scaron;u i 1 na Kara&scaron;cu i dr. Na području Potami&scaron;ja se nalazi 18 sistema za odvodnjavanje, čija ukupna povr&scaron;ina iznosi skoro 1000 km2 i 10 sistema za navodnjavanje povr&scaron;ine od 4.340 ha. Potami&scaron;je se može nazvati &quot;ribljim eldoradom&quot;. Uz postojanje 7 ribnjaka, planirana je njihova izgradnja na jo&scaron; 16 lokacija. Ova privredna grana mogla bi imati značajnu ulogu u popravljanju lo&scaron;eg privrednog stanja ovog područja. Potami&scaron;je ima relativno bogate turističke potencijale, koji jo&scaron; nisu iskori&scaron;ćeni. Postojeći motivi bi se najbolje ogledali u razvoju nautičkog, ribolovnog i rekreacionog turizma. Važno je napomenuti da bi razvoj turizma podstakao i razvoj drugih privrednih grana.</p> / <p>The abstract has been processed with OCR optical text recognition technology.</p><p>In the first part of dissertation there is general characteristics of Tami&scaron; basin and his flow. In Yugoslavia Tami&scaron; river has the all characteristic of the rivers in the plains. The spring of Tami&scaron; river is under top of Semenic in Romania and its mouth of river is near Pančevo. In generally, flow of Tami&scaron; has a shape of semicircle turn to north. Whole length of Tami&scaron; river is 340 km, while in Yugoslavia its length amount 118 km.<br />Tami&scaron; basin in Yugoslavia include parts of middle and south Banat, spreading over 7 geomorphologic entity on the surface area of 1528,5 km2.<br />After investigation of waterlevel regime it could be conclude that Tami&scaron; river has the appearance of high level water in April and May, until the low level water has the appearance in October and September. Toward this, Tami&scaron; river belong to the central-European variant of pluvio-nival regime.<br />The second part is turn to watereconomy characteristic and problems of Potami&scaron;je region. Potami&scaron;je has the total square area of 1.194,7 km2, with 121.596 habitants (census 1991). There is 20 settlements, from which, only Pančevo has character of town. Important characteristic of Potami&scaron;je region is his depopulation character and weak development of economy with domination of agrar.<br />Distinction of Potami&scaron;je region is complex regulations in the last 250 years. Regulations were done significant changes on hydrogeography and geographical landscape of Potami&scaron;je. Let mention some of: shortened of the Tami&scaron; flow for 79 km, digged out the canal Kara&scaron;ac, built three dams on Tami&scaron; river, and one on Kara&scaron;ac.<br />In this region there are 18 system for drainage, which total square area amount almost 1.000 km2 and 10 system for irrigation with square area of 4.340 ha.<br />The other name for Potami&scaron;je can be &quot;fish eldorado&quot;. There are 7 fish-pond, and on the other 16 location were planed there build.<br />Potami&scaron;je has, relatively, rich tourists potentials, which are not developed. Existing motives are appropriate for developing of nautic, fishing and recreation tourism.</p>

<p>Предмет истраживања ове докторске<br />тезе представља врло значајну област<br />историографије и медијавистике.<br />Наиме, утврђења и фортификације су<br />незаобилазни, базични елемент сваке<br />средњовековне политичке, социјалне,<br />војне и економске структуре те<br />детерминанта њеног постојања и<br />организације. Предмет истраживања је<br />стога усмерен на историографски<br />приказ развоја средњовековних<br />утврђења/градова (castrum regalis,<br />castri) и других фортификација<br />(кастелума, утврђених трговишта те<br />других утврђених објеката типа<br />племићких курија, верских средишта<br />итд) на заокруженом географском<br />простору Баната, између река Тисе,<br />Дунава и Мориша те планинског венца<br />Карпата. Предмет истраживања је тим<br />релевантнији у савременом<br />компаративистичком историографском<br />приступу, јер се приказана област<br />данас простире на три земље, Србију,<br />Румунију и Мађарску. У свом<br />дијахроном приступу тема прати<br />постојање утврђења и фортификација<br />од 10. до средине 16. века, односно у<br />политичким оквирима, настанка<br />Краљевине Угарске у словенском<br />јужнопанонском миљеу и свих ранијих<br />наслеђа, до епохе османлијског<br />продора у Европу и хришћанско-<br />турских сукоба. Предмет истраживања<br />су утврђења и фортификације у<br />писаним &ndash; дипломатичким и<br />наративним изворима, као и у анализи<br />резултата истраживања арехологије као<br />помоћне историографске науке.<br />њихово историјско-географско Даље, њихово историјско-географско<br />позиционирање (убикација) ,<br />топонимија и хронологија настанка,<br />класификација, односно одређивање<br />статуса и конкретне функције у<br />контексту војне и политичке историје,<br />средњовековних путних комуникација,<br />државне организације (жупанија),<br />етничких и културолошких померања<br />на реченом историјском простору.</p> / <p>Predmet istraživanja ove doktorske<br />teze predstavlja vrlo značajnu oblast<br />istoriografije i medijavistike.<br />Naime, utvrđenja i fortifikacije su<br />nezaobilazni, bazični element svake<br />srednjovekovne političke, socijalne,<br />vojne i ekonomske strukture te<br />determinanta njenog postojanja i<br />organizacije. Predmet istraživanja je<br />stoga usmeren na istoriografski<br />prikaz razvoja srednjovekovnih<br />utvrđenja/gradova (castrum regalis,<br />castri) i drugih fortifikacija<br />(kasteluma, utvrđenih trgovišta te<br />drugih utvrđenih objekata tipa<br />plemićkih kurija, verskih središta<br />itd) na zaokruženom geografskom<br />prostoru Banata, između reka Tise,<br />Dunava i Moriša te planinskog venca<br />Karpata. Predmet istraživanja je tim<br />relevantniji u savremenom<br />komparativističkom istoriografskom<br />pristupu, jer se prikazana oblast<br />danas prostire na tri zemlje, Srbiju,<br />Rumuniju i Mađarsku. U svom<br />dijahronom pristupu tema prati<br />postojanje utvrđenja i fortifikacija<br />od 10. do sredine 16. veka, odnosno u<br />političkim okvirima, nastanka<br />Kraljevine Ugarske u slovenskom<br />južnopanonskom miljeu i svih ranijih<br />nasleđa, do epohe osmanlijskog<br />prodora u Evropu i hrišćansko-<br />turskih sukoba. Predmet istraživanja<br />su utvrđenja i fortifikacije u<br />pisanim &ndash; diplomatičkim i<br />narativnim izvorima, kao i u analizi<br />rezultata istraživanja arehologije kao<br />pomoćne istoriografske nauke.<br />njihovo istorijsko-geografsko Dalje, njihovo istorijsko-geografsko<br />pozicioniranje (ubikacija) ,<br />toponimija i hronologija nastanka,<br />klasifikacija, odnosno određivanje<br />statusa i konkretne funkcije u<br />kontekstu vojne i političke istorije,<br />srednjovekovnih putnih komunikacija,<br />državne organizacije (županija),<br />etničkih i kulturoloških pomeranja<br />na rečenom istorijskom prostoru.</p> / <p>The subject of research study of this PhD<br />thesis covers a very important field in<br />historiography and medieval studies.<br />Namely, forts and fortifications are an<br />unavoidable, basic element of each political,<br />social, military and economic medieval<br />structure, as well as a determinant of its<br />existence and organization. The concern of<br />the study is therefore aimed at<br />historiographic presentation of development<br />of medieval forts/towns (castrum regalis,<br />castri) and other fortifications (castles,<br />fortified market-towns as well as other<br />fortified structures, such as country manor<br />houses, religious centres etc.) on the whole<br />geographic territory of Banat region between<br />the Tisa, Danube and Maros rivers and the<br />Carpathian mountain range. The subject of<br />the research study is relevant even more so<br />in the contemporary comparative<br />historiographic approach because the<br />presented territory stretches today in three<br />countries: Serbia, Romania and Hungary. A<br />diachronic approach to the subject enables<br />tracking the existence of forts and<br />fortifications from 10th to mid-16th century,<br />that is, in the political contexts of emergence<br />of the Kingdom of Hungary in the south<br />Pannonian Slavic milieu and all preceding<br />legacies, all the way to the time of Ottoman<br />burst into Europe and Christian-Turkish<br />conflicts. The subject of the study are forts<br />and fortifications in written sources &ndash;<br />diplomatic and narrative, as well as those in<br />the analysis of exploration results of<br />archeology as an auxiliary historical science.<br />Furthermore, the study deals with their<br />historical and geographic positioning<br />(ubication), toponymy and chronology of<br />construction, classification i.e. determination construction, classification i.e. determination</p><p>of the status and actual function in the<br />military and political history contexts,<br />medieval road communications, organization<br />of the state (district &ndash; &rdquo;županija&rdquo;), ethnic and<br />culturological moves on the previously<br />mentioned historical territory.</p>

Le Banat est une région d’Europe balkanique conquise en 1716 par les Habsbourg sur l’Empire ottoman et directement administrée par Vienne. Dans les discours des administrateurs habsbourgeois, l’usage des catégories nationales est pragmatique. Il permet de déterminer les pratiques de gouvernement acceptables envers des groupes aux limites floues, dans le respect des intermédiaires traditionnels et d’une communication politique effectuée en langue vernaculaire. Mais l’action d’un État uniquement fiscal et militaire est remise en cause par l’élargissement de son périmètre d’action et l’arrivée d’une nouvelle génération de fonctionnaires en 1769. L’influence du caméralisme et de la statistique administrative amène à considérer les nations sous un angle exclusivement culturel. Mais cette identité imposée n’est pas assimilée par les populations. Celles-ci se réapproprient l’ancien usage des nations privilégiées dans leurs revendications politiques au cours des années 1780. / The Banat is a large region of the Balkans. It was conquered in 1716 by the Habsburg power over the Ottoman Empire and then governed directly from Vienna. In this context, the Habsburg civil servants made a pragmatic use of national categories. They were a means to determine an acceptable political behaviour towards groups defined by vague social boundaries, while respecting traditional middlemen and using the vernacular for political communication. However, the action of this strictly fiscal and military State was called into question by the widening of its prerogatives and the arrival of a new generation of civil servants in 1769. The influence of Kameralismus and the administrative statistic led the latter to consider the nations from a cultural point of view. But this imposed identity did not seem to be taken up by the population. On the contrary, people began to use the old sense of the privileged “nations” in their political claims directed to the emperor in the 1780s.

First Czech villages were founded in the region of Banat, Romania, in the first half of the 19th century. The original impetus had come from the administration who intended to populate the mountainous regions of the then military border. To this day a none too numerous community of Czechs surrounded by other nations have kept their original Czech traditions, speak exclusively Czech, and proudly profess their roots. In the course of the 20th century these Czech villages were hit by three waves of re-emigration which resulted in a portion of the locals relocating to their ancestral country. The last wave of re-emigration began in 1989, following the reopening of the borders and the simplification of the whole process of relocation, and it essentially continues to this day. Young people in particular come to the Czech Republic hoping to find here a better job, higher wages and better quality of life, which goes hand in hand with it. These expectations are often exaggerated and unrealistic, though. The first part of this thesis presents a theoretical framework of the whole work, and a historical overview of the Czech community and the individual waves of re-emigration which affected it. Attention will also be paid to the continuous interest in this community on the part of the Czech authorities and...

This thesis reports on business opportunities that Romania and especially region of Banat offers to Czech entities and the specifics witch they have to deal with during penetration of this market. First readers learn about cultural specification of Romania and Banat, followed by business negotiation which can be expected in this area and is mainly based on cultural assumptions. Second part is devoted to analysis of the business environment of Romania as a member of the multinational institutions, because without this information can´t be Romania considered as a business partner. Final part focuses specifically on the issue of Banat region, companies that operate there and the business opportunities that the region offers. Work is ended by SWOT analysis of the business environment of Banat and recommendations for potential entrepreneurs entering the market.

Für Siebenbürgen gibt es zur Zeit nur wenige Nachweise von Musikern aus Böhmen, Mähren und Sudetenschlesien. Elf Musiker-Persönlichkeiten konnten vom Verfasser als solche zunächst identifiziert werden; sie begegnen seit um 1814. Dabei handelt es sich meist um Kapellmeister und kompositorisch Tätige (jeweils 9 von 11). Andere sind Chorleiter, Musikpädagogen, Organisten, Pianisten oder Violoncellisten.

The purpose of this thesis was to build a specialised corpus of Banatian Czech. The theoretical section describes the historical and language situation in the Banat area focusing on its development since the 1990s to the present day. This is followed by a presentation and description of specialised corpora focusing on a corpus of spoken Czech. Building a specialised corpus named BANAT is documented in detail (method of collection, processing and transcription of records, building of corpora and publishing). The analysis of possessive pronouns, negative pronouns and adverbs and enclitics confirms a statistically significant difference between Banatian Czech and the present state of Czech language (in all observed phenomena except enclitics). Keywords Banat, Banatian Czech, Bigr, corpus BANAT, corpus building, Czech language abroad, pronouns, specialised corpora, spoken language