Les bandes interstellaires diffuses (DIBs) représentent un mystère centenaire : aucune des centaines de bandes n'a pu être identifiée avec certitude avec un porteur spécifique, à l'exception très probable du cation buckminsterfullerène C60+. Il est obligatoire d'identifier et de quantifier la quantité de grosses molécules carbonées interstellaires qui sont très probablement responsables des DIBs : Les porteurs de DIB représentent probablement le plus grand réservoir de matière organique dans le Milieu interstellaire (MIS) et constituent un élément important de la chaîne des processus qui régissent le cycle interstellaire/stellaire. Jusqu'à récemment, la plupart des études liées aux DIBs avaient pour objectif unique l'identification des porteurs et, pour ce faire, se concentraient sur un nombre limité d'étoiles chaudes, distantes et rougies. Mon travail de recherche en thèse marque un tournant dans les méthodes et les objectifs associés aux DIBs, une évolution permise et motivée par le nombre croissant de relevés stellaires avec des instruments de plus en plus puissants à haute résolution spectrale. En effet, il est aujourd'hui possible de recueillir des quantités massives de données, tant du point de vue du nombre d'étoiles cibles que du point de vue du nombre de DIBs observées simultanément. Cela a ouvert la voie à de nouveaux types d'études, à des objectifs plus ambitieux et, surtout, à de nouvelles comparaisons potentielles avec les données de laboratoire. Ma thèse présente un grand nombre d'extractions de DIBs et quatre de ces nouvelles analyses :- Méthodes d'extraction et recherche de nouvelles DIBs.- Lien avec les propriétés physiques des nuages.- Constitution de bases de données pour la cartographie du MIS.- Tomographie des structures individuelles.- Des extractions de profils de DIBs basées sur des lignes de visée soigneusement sélectionnées, des études de leurs sous-structures et de leur variabilité spatiale et des contraintes subséquentes sur leurs porteurs moléculaires potentiels. / Diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) represent a century-old mystery: none of the hundreds of bands could be identified with certainty with a specific carrier, at the very likely exception of the buckminsterfullerene cation C60+. Identifying and quantifying the amount of the large interstellar carbonaceous molecules that are very likely responsible for the DIBs is mandatory: DIB carriers likely represent the largest amount of organic matter in the Universe and are an important piece of the chain of processes that govern the interstellar/stellar cycle.Up to recently, most of the DIB studies have had as a unique goal the identification of the carriers, and to do so have been focusing on a limited number of hot, distant and reddened stars, using increasingly powerful instruments. This thesis marks a turning point in the methods and goals associated with the DIBs, an evolution allowed and motivated by the increasing number of stellar surveys with high multiplex instruments. As a matter of fact, it is possible today to gather massive amounts of data, both from the point of view of the number of target stars and from the point of view of the number of DIBs simultaneously observed. This has opened the way to new types of studies, more ambitious goals, and, importantly, new potential comparisons with laboratory data. This thesis presents a large number of DIB extractions and four of these novel analyses :- Methods of extraction and search for new DIBs.- Statistical studies of the link between DIB strengths and the physical properties of their hosting clouds.- Tomographic studies of the carriers on large and small spatial scales.- Line profile extractions based on carefully selected sightlines, studies of their substructures and spatial variability and subsequent constraints on their potential molecular carriers.

Wind bands have been recording for over one hundred years. Through advancements in both technology and process, recordings have made a monumental impact on the wind band and its repertoire. These advancements have created clarity regarding the performance practice of pieces and helped to preserve the wind band repertoire. Many early works have gained masterwork status due, in large part, to the fact that recordings have preserved them. The increase in popularity of recording and, in particular, the wind band, warrants an investigation into the various aspects of the process. Additionally, gaining insight from wind band professionals who record will help to evaluate the contributions that recording has made to the education of performers and listeners, the preservation of repertoire and the artistic enhancement of the wind band. Each chapter explores aspects of the recording process and how those aspects have shaped the wind band, its repertoire and performance practice. Information from conductors, composers and engineers provide valuable insight pertaining to the educational, historical and artistic components of the recording process. The goal of all involved in the recording process should be the pursuit of technical perfection, which does not eclipse the ultimate musical goals of the project and the integrity of the composer's intentions.

The purpose of this study was to determine changes necessary to cause Texas public school band programs to conform to a recommended standard.

No description available.

Localization of deformation occurs in Earth's crust as a consequence of applied stress and is widespread phenomenon that can be found in crustal rocks. Such localization of deformation can be mostly seen in a form of shear zones. Small shear zones referred as shear bands or S-C structures are often used as kinematic indicators. However, the evolution and kinematic continuity of such structures is not well identified, which makes it problematic when interpreting regional geodynamic evolution. Two possible cases were distinguished and described in this thesis: a) kinematically discontinuous S-C structures formed during two deformation events and b) kinematically continuous S-C structures formed during single deformation event. Kinematically unrelated S-C structures were studied in westernmost part of Tauern Window in Eastern Alps and in Gemer-Vepor Contact Zone in Central West Carpathians where previous geodynamic interpretations might have misinterpreted localization structures. Kinematically continuous shear bands were studied in South Armorican Shear Zone where the S-C fabrics were originally defined and described (Berthé et al., 1979). Two fabrics that crosscut each other at small angles forming S-C geometries were documented during field work and studied from macroscale down to microscale or...

Convective snow bands forming over the Baltic Sea can result in heavy precipitation along the Swedish east coast. Forecasting these events well is of great importance to prevent road traffic injuries, increased pressure at hospitals and cancelled bus traffic. This thesis project aims to evaluate the performance of the high-resolution non-hydrostatic convection permitting model HIRLAM ALADIN Reasearch on Mesoscale Operational NWP In Euromed (HARMONIE) in simulating convective snow bands. Its horizontal respresentation of precipitation rates, area, placement and timing was examined in a case study of two events. The case of 2007 during the 12-14th of November, formed over the Gulf of Finland and resulted in Nynäshamn receiving ≥ 55 mm precipitation during the 37 hours long event. Areas south of this precipitation maxima also recieved heavy precipitation. The second case, 21-23rd of March 2008, formed over the Gulf of Bothnia during north-easterly  winds and resulted in a total precipitation of 10 mm at Gävle. The precipitation maxima was observed offshore, north of Gävle, with ≥ 16 mm precipiation in 34 hours. Convective snow bands were also observed over Vänern and Vättern in both cases.  HARMONIE simulated convective snow bands well in terms of intensity, timing, placement and area, in both cases, compared to datasets from radar, radar with merged gauge data and separate observational data from weather stations. Areas south of the local maxima at Nynäshamn in the case of 2007 were however overestimated by a total of 10-15 mm, most likely due to a simulated shift in wind direction during some of the most intense hours. In the case of 2008 the model also captured weak convective snow bands at Vänern and Vättern accurately in terms of precipitation area, timing and accumulated precipitation. Further case studies of snow bands are however necessary to obtain a more comprehensive view of the performance of HARMONIE.

We have developed a third-order shear and normal deformable plate/shell theory (TSNDT) incorporating all geometric nonlinearities and used it to analyze, by the finite element method (FEM), transient finite deformations of a sandwich beam with two face sheets and the core made of St. Venant-Kirchhoff materials.  A triangular cohesive zone model with stress based criterion for delamination initiation and energy based relation for complete separation is used to analyze delamination failure in a beam under mixed-mode loading. We have studied transient post-buckling deformations and delamination progression in an axially compressed and initially delaminated clamped-clamped sandwich beam.  The buckling load for transient deformations exceeds that for static deformations and the increase depends upon the loading rate.  This FE software for analyzing deformations of sandwich beam is coupled with that based on the boundary element method (BEM) for studying time-dependent deformations of water and the coupled software is used to analyze deformations of flexible curved hulls due to water slamming loads.  The water is assumed to be inviscid and incompressible and undergo irrotational deformations.  The Laplace equation for the velocity potential is numerically solved by the BEM with normal velocity and pressure assumed to be continuous across the interface between the hull and the water.  Challenging issues resolved in this work include finding the wetted surface of the hull, nonlinear deformations of the fluid due to convective part of acceleration, effects of geometric nonlinearities on hull\'s deformations, resolution of the jet tip, as well as the initiation and propagation of delamination between the face sheets and the core.  It is found that both delamination and geometric nonlinearities significantly affect the hydrodynamic pressure acting on the hull, and transverse shear deformations contribute more to the strain energy absorbed by the core than its transverse normal deformations.  <br />We have used the discontinuous basis functions to derive the Galerkin formulation of a nonlinear problem involving simple shearing deformations of a homogeneous and isotropic thermo-elasto-visco-plastic body with uniform deformations perturbed to simulate the effect of a defect.  The resulting coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations are integrated with respect to time by using the package, LSODE (Livermore Solver for Ordinary Differential Equations).  Computed results showing localization of deformations into narrow regions are found to agree well with those found by the FEM, and spatial variations of the shear stress are smoother than those obtained by the FEM.<br /><br /> / Ph. D.

<p> Core-collapse supernovae are among the most consequential astronomical events. They impact galaxy evolution, chemical enrichment of the Universe, and the creation of exotic objects (e.g., black holes and neutron stars). However, aspects of supernovae such as explosion asymmetry and progenitor mass loss are not well understood. Young, nearby supernova remnants are excellent laboratories to uniquely constrain some these fundamental properties. In this thesis, I investigate two nearby oxygen-rich supernova remnants and measure the proper motion of their ejecta to estimate their center of expansions and explosion ages. These properties are important for determining central compact object ‘kick’ velocities, guiding searches for surviving companions, and creating 3D remnant reconstructions. </p> <p><br></p> <p>I estimate the center of expansion and age of two supernova remnants, 1E0102.2-7219 (E0102) and N132D utilizing two epochs of Hubble Space Telescope imaging to measure the proper motion of their ejecta. For E0102, the proper motions show evidence for a nonhomologous expansion, which combined with spectral observations, support the idea that this remnant is expanding into an asymmetric circumstellar environment. Using the new proper-motion derived age and center of expansion, I provide a new ‘kick’ velocity estimate for E0102’s candidate neutron star. For N132D, I measure the proper motion of the ejecta both visually and using a novel computer vision procedure which identifies and measures the proper motions of the knots. I find that N132D’s ejecta are still ballistic, along with evidence of explosion asymmetry. My results represent the first proper-motion derived center of expansion and age of N132D. </p> <p><br></p> <p>Finally, I investigate diffuse interstellar bands observed towards progenitor candidates of core-collapse supernovae to test whether time variability can be a possible probe of the mass loss and surrounding environments of these systems. I find evidence of time variability in diffuse interstellar band carriers located in two of these environments. This is especially unusual as diffuse interstellar bands are normally attributed to the interstellar medium. These findings imply that the sources of these bands are closer to the stellar objects than previously thought and can provide insight into the currently unknown sources of diffuse interstellar bands. </p>

For decades, teachers and language learners have been concerned about matching the difficulty level of texts to the proficiency level of learners in order to achieve comprehensible input, which leads to effective learning. Some leveling systems and research use word lists as part of their leveling processes, particularly the Academic Word List. The Academic Vocabulary List (AVL) has not been explored yet as a leveling tool, so this study aims to address this lack of research by examining how the AVL words vary in cumulative frequency bands and also in separate frequency bands with regard to level and topic. The AVL was divided into 5 frequency bands and compared against corpora of biology and U.S. history texts at the elementary, junior high, high school, and university levels. Results showed that the biology texts had a higher percentage of total AVL tokens than the history texts did, suggesting that the AVL may be more suitable for some disciplines than others. For the cumulative bands, Bands 1 through 3 proved to have the highest percent deltas, suggesting that words 1 to 800 are the most useful to learn. Looking at each separate band, Bands 1 and 2 had the highest percent of AVL tokens at the high school level, implying that the words of these bands are especially valuable for learners at this level. The university level had the highest percentage for Bands 3 through 5. There was no statistical significance for any band concerning the factor of the relationship between topic and level, but there was statistical significance for the factor of proficiency level at every level. For the factor of topic, there was significance for every band except Band 3. For each band, the elementary and junior high texts were generally similar to each other concerning the AVL tokens found in them. High school and university texts were similar to each other for Bands 1 and 2 but were not similar to each other for Bands 3 through 5.

Further understanding of mesoscale slip mechanics is crucial to future development of polycrystalline metals with improved performance. The research contained within this thesis aims to characterize localized mesoscale slip on slip bands further through two studies. First, a comprehensive comparison of slip system identification techniques was carried out to further validate each method as well as compare advantages and disadvantages of each. Second, slip bands in the presence of grain boundaries were studied to better characterize the dislocation content and behavior. In the first study, the use of SEM-DIC, AFM, ECCI, and HR-EBSD to characterize slip-system activity was assessed on the same material volume of Ti-7Al. This study presents a robust comparison of the various methods for the first time, including an assessment of their advantages and disadvantages, and how they can be used effectively in a complementary manner. The analysis of the different approaches was carried out in a blind manner independently at three different universities. A Ti-7Al specimen was deformed in uniaxial tension to approximately 3% axial strain, and the active slip systems were independently identified using (i) trace analysis; (ii) in-SEM digital image correlation, (iii) observations of residual dislocations from ECCI, and (iv) long-range rotation gradients through HR-EBSD, with consistent trace identification in all cases. Displacement data from AFM was used to augment the SEM-DIC displacement data by providing complementary out of plane displacement information. Furthermore, short-range dislocation gradients (measured by DIC) provided insight into the residual geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) content, and was consistent with the GND content extracted from EBSD data and ECCI images, confirming the presence of residual GNDs on the dominant slip systems resulting in visible slip bands. These approaches can be used in tandem to provide multi-modal information on slip band identification, strain and orientation gradients, out-of-plane displacements, and the presence of GNDs and SSDs, all of which can be used to inform and validate the development of dislocation-based crystal plasticity and strain gradient models. In the second study, shear strain profiles along slip bands in a modified Rolls-Royce nickel superalloy (RR1000) were analyzed for a tensile sample deformed by 2%. The strain increased with distance away from a grain boundary (GB), with maximum shear strain towards the center of the grain, indicating that dislocation nucleation generally occurred in the grain interior. The strain gradients in the neighborhood of the GBs were quantified and generally correlated with rotation about the active slip system line direction. This leads to an ability to determine the active slip system in these regions. The dislocation spacing and pileup stresses were inferred. The dislocation spacing closely follows an Eshelby analytical solution for a single ended pileup of dislocations under an applied stress. The distribution of pileup stress values for GBs of a given misorientation angle follows a log-normal distribution, with no correlation between the pileup stress and the GB misorientation angle. Furthermore, there is no observed correlation between various transmissivity factors and slip band pileup stress. Hence it appears that the obstacle strength of any of the observed GBs is adequate to facilitate the dislocation pileups present in the slip bands. However, slip band transmission does correlate with transmissivity factors, with the current study focusing on the Luster and Morris m'-factor. Observation of strain profiles of transmitted bands indicate dislocation nucleation locations.