This paper describes how everyday muslims with no formal (or weak) affiliation to sufi brotherhoods in Upper Egypt practice and relate to sufism as a grand scheme or larger islamic tradition. The thesis highlights the importance of islamic sainthood in everyday religion, whereby the saintly dead are regarded as acting intermediaries between the divine and the worldly realms. Saints, holy people and blessed places are given agency through divine blessings, thus allowing villagers to partake in a larger islamic tradition through the mediation of– or cult connected to saints. This paper intends to demonstrate that an islamic concept of sanctity in muslim environments does not only exist historically, but is central to the contemporary religious landscape of Upper Egypt.

No description available.

Esta pesquisa pretende apontar a presença e a representação de elementos revolucionários nas estruturas formais das Four Black Revolutionary Plays: All Praises to the black man (Quatro Peças Revolucionárias Negras: Todos os louvores ao homem negro). Peças escritas pelo dramaturgo negro Amiri Baraka que, sobretudo nos anos sessenta, se colocou contra o establishment e produziu uma dramaturgia que pregava a valorização da cultura negra, o engajamento político e a rebeldia contra os valores do status quo branco e de parte da classe média negra norte-americana. Nossas hipóteses, aqui apresentadas, são de que a obra baraqueana é processual porque não se finda em um único período ou obra, mas guia-se por uma necessidade de mudança contínua em face dos acontecimentos históricos e sociais que o dramaturgo vivencia enquanto escreve suas peças e porque busca reescrever uma nova história e mitologia negra. Desta forma, ao procurar valorizar a negritude e os outros valores apregoados pelo movimento Black Power e pelo nacionalismo negro, Baraka desenvolve uma dramaturgia contundente que tenta abarcar as demandas da comunidade negra e que a instigue a agir coletivamente. / This paper intends to spot the presence and representation of the revolutionary elements within the formal structures of the Four Black Revolutionary Plays: All Praises to the black man. These are the plays by the black playwright Amiri Baraka who, especially in the sixties, fought against the establishment by means of plays that extolled the appreciation of the black culture, the political engagement and the defiance of the white mens status quo and also a portion of the American black middle class. Our theses provided herein say Barakas work has an ever-evolving nature as its not restricted to a single time or work; rather, it is driven by the need for the continuous change due to the social and historic events the playwright experienced at the time he wrote his plays, also seeking to rewrite a new black history and mythology. Accordingly Baraka creates groundbreaking plays intended to consider and review the black communitys condition and make it act collectively in response.

Esta pesquisa pretende apontar a presença e a representação de elementos revolucionários nas estruturas formais das Four Black Revolutionary Plays: All Praises to the black man (Quatro Peças Revolucionárias Negras: Todos os louvores ao homem negro). Peças escritas pelo dramaturgo negro Amiri Baraka que, sobretudo nos anos sessenta, se colocou contra o establishment e produziu uma dramaturgia que pregava a valorização da cultura negra, o engajamento político e a rebeldia contra os valores do status quo branco e de parte da classe média negra norte-americana. Nossas hipóteses, aqui apresentadas, são de que a obra baraqueana é processual porque não se finda em um único período ou obra, mas guia-se por uma necessidade de mudança contínua em face dos acontecimentos históricos e sociais que o dramaturgo vivencia enquanto escreve suas peças e porque busca reescrever uma nova história e mitologia negra. Desta forma, ao procurar valorizar a negritude e os outros valores apregoados pelo movimento Black Power e pelo nacionalismo negro, Baraka desenvolve uma dramaturgia contundente que tenta abarcar as demandas da comunidade negra e que a instigue a agir coletivamente. / This paper intends to spot the presence and representation of the revolutionary elements within the formal structures of the Four Black Revolutionary Plays: All Praises to the black man. These are the plays by the black playwright Amiri Baraka who, especially in the sixties, fought against the establishment by means of plays that extolled the appreciation of the black culture, the political engagement and the defiance of the white mens status quo and also a portion of the American black middle class. Our theses provided herein say Barakas work has an ever-evolving nature as its not restricted to a single time or work; rather, it is driven by the need for the continuous change due to the social and historic events the playwright experienced at the time he wrote his plays, also seeking to rewrite a new black history and mythology. Accordingly Baraka creates groundbreaking plays intended to consider and review the black communitys condition and make it act collectively in response.

On ne saurait parler aujourd’hui de l’Islam dans son immense complexité sans aborder ses différentes branches et ramifications. Sunnites, chiites, soufis. Les zaouïas font partie de ce paysage de diversité. A travers tous les pays musulmans les zaouïas ont su marqué de quelques empreintes parfois bien profondes les sociétés dans lesquelles elles ont existés.L’histoire nous révèle plusieurs cas où l’influence des soufis était un facteur déterminent dans des décisions politiques et sociales majeures. L’ascension de plusieurs villes et villages s’est faite grâce à la présence du tombeau d’un saint soufi ou voir même à son court passage. Ain Madi dans le sud Algérien, Konya en Turquie, la tombe de RUMI est le deuxième site touristique le plus visité de Turquie. Tombouctou au Mali, Tachkent, Boukhara, Samarkand et bien d’autres.Les études politiques actuelles ne s’intéressent plus uniquement aux institutions du pouvoir et aux élites pour cerner la dynamique d’un pays mais interrogent également les autres éléments constituants les sociétés et analysent les différentes formes de gouvernance et d’autorité.Le cas des zaouïas en Algérie, est des plus éloquents du fait de leurs interventions envers toutes les catégories de la société.De tout temps les politiques peinent à satisfaire les demandes de leurs populations, de les maîtriser et canaliser leurs mécontentement. Le recours aux chefs de tribus, aux représentants associatifs, aux imams est une pratique plutôt courante dans l’entretient et le maintien de la paix sociale. Les zaouïas ne sont pas étrangères aux questions de l’Etat, des populations, de l’identité, de la culture; cependant, toutes ne sont pas concernées par ce rôle. / Having been fought, been denigrated, accused, been indicated for a long time as sign of charlatanism, of obscurantism and of collaboration, zaouïas became places most coveted by high representatives in Algeria. Supported, financed, projected, favoured, their roles today is determine. Algeria would count a considerable number of zaouïas. Zaouïas, modest but warm and calm places, reflects humility and peace. Their deep anchoring in cultural, space and social environment, high symbolism which they transport, impose a more and more growing curiosity as soon as they get closer to their perimetres. However, behind this gentle facade, a machine of influence of a formidable effectiveness displayed its tentacles in the different spheres of catch of decisions, in the point where the most part of the members of successive governments for 1990s have a direct or indirect relation with one of Chouyoukhs of zaouïas. To be affiliated to a zaouïa today is fashionable.

The purpose of this thesis is to discover and assess the rhetorical methods employed by LeRoi Jones in the evolution of cultural black nationalism. First, the thesis concentrates on his ethos and philosophy. Second, it analyzes the cultural black nationalism organization in Newark, New Jersey. Third, it discusses the impact of LeRoi Jones on the black cultural nationalism movement. The conclusions drawn from this study reveal that LeRoi Jones was able to attract, maintain, and mold his followers, to build a sizable power base, and to adapt to several audiences simultaneously. Implications of the study are that because of his rigid requirements and a gradual change in ideology, LeRoi Jones is now losing ground as a leader.

Despite radical differences in their political commentary, Amiri Baraka and V.S. Naipaul’s literary careers have obsessively centered on the divided Self of the colonized artist. Esther Jackson argues that Baraka’s “search for form” becomes “symbolic of a continuing effort to mediate between warring factions within the perceiving mind” (38). Similarly, many critics have interpreted Naipaul’s grave manifestos as the outpourings of a writer disenchanted with his own past and national identity. For Selwyn Cudjoe, Naipaul’s work is “reflective of a man who failed to discover any psychological balance in his life” (172-173). This thesis analyzes how Amiri Baraka’s Dutchman and V.S. Naipaul’s Guerrillas engage with various fairy tale conventions in order to narrate the colonized victim’s divided Self. These narratives ultimately function as anti-fairy tales, revealing the black protagonist’s accursed position in the symbolic order. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2014. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

This research aims to chart four modes of engagement in post-verite documentary films, devoted to an exclusive examination of theatrical formats, that being those documentaries which are originally intended for a cinema audience. As these theatrical documentaries provide a means for spectators to see through the cinema screen and into the real world, it is important to understand how this 'seeing through' is constructed by the documentary production itself. This thesis acknowledges that the 'learning' of documentary stories and subjects has broadened for the global audience of today. After exploring various separate critiques of documentary voice theory, the definition of documentary and film semiotics, I have devised eight paradigms for creating this 'learning' or 'documentary consciousness' in these theatrical or cinema documentaries. I have explored how these eight paradigms can be observed to function in four different modes. These modes contribute to an evolving understanding of viewer comprehension; that thing called documentary consciousness. This is demonstrated through the audio-visual appendix of clips taken from the proto-typical theatrical documentaries I have chosen to analyse, which are: 'Bowling For Columbine' by Michael Moore (2003), which is illustrative of what I have dubbed the 'Outcome Mode'; 'Etre et Avoir' ('To Be And To Have') by Nicholas Philibert (2004), which exemplifies what I call the 'Participant Mode'; 'My Architect' by Nathaniel Kahn (2005), an example of the 'Journey Mode'; 'Baraka' by Magidson Films (1996), a model of the 'Mandala Mode'.

This study examines auto/biographical, theoretical, critical, literary, and dramatic works by and about LeRoi Jones/Amiri Baraka, primarily focusing on the eruption of “Hate Whitey” sentiment and rhetoric that characterized a decadelong cultural nationalist phase of the henceforth selfdeclaredly Black poet-playwright’s career. As a black militant, LeRoi Jones left his white wife and other white associates in Greenwich Village, moved to Harlem, changed his name to Amiri Baraka, converted to Islam, and started the Black Arts Repertory Theatre/School. This thesis contends that Baraka’s Black Arts Movement era plays emphasize negation of the value of white women and gay men, who had formed his most intimate prior cohorts, and use extreme imagery to malign, belittle, and abjure representatives of both groups as evil, ridiculous, and disgusting archetypes in an attempt to affirm the political stance of the author and preempt doubt about his level of commitment to his chosen cause during that period. Through these plays written from the mid-1960s to mid-1970s, Baraka denies his own personal history and appears to protest too much the virtues of corrective Afrocentric relationships which his works fail to affirm as much as he condemns their alternatives. However, after the purgative effect of these revolutionary works, Baraka’s evolution arrived at a place where he could once again acknowledge and promote a diverse equality that included respect for the partners and peers he had abnegated. Conclusions of this research suggest connections between the personal implications of Baraka’s individual journey and prominent themes stressed in the broader field of identity politics.

The goal of this thesis is to explore African American theatre through the lens of performativity and to show how the performative concepts of passing and entrenchment affected the writing of African American playwrights in the 1950s and 1960s. To this end, the first part of the work is focused on establishing performativity as a concept, starting with its origins in linguistics and then tracing its development. The main influences for this section are the works of Judith Butler, Nadine Ehlers, Andrew Parker and Eve Sedgewick. Butler's work on performativity is used as the main source for understanding performativity in its contemporary sense and to establish "passing" as a performative act. Ehlers' work serves to connect performativity to race and to show the use of "entrenchment" in performativity. Finally, Parker and Sedgewick's work provides a bridge between performativity and theatrical performance as they describe the "relations of spectatorship" necessary for the existence of theatre. Since performativity, in theatre or anywhere else, is based on discourse, the thesis will show the images and relations of spectatorship that defined African American theatre and performance since its inception. These include slave performance, black minstrelsy, but also the first attempts at quintessentially...