Background: Since the dawn of internet shopping there has always been consumers who show resistance. Researchers have identified several relevant barriers which inhibit these consumers from shopping online. Now that e-commerce has developed to the point that it could be regarded as mainstream, the resistance that remains is most evident in certain industries, such as the e-grocery industry.        Purpose: To identify which general e-commerce barriers are also applicable to the industry of e-groceries, and to understand the resistance shown towards the sector. Also, to evaluate how countermeasures could impact these barriers.                    Method: A qualitative and abductive approach was used in the study to analyze which barriers are relevant and which are irrelevant. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants located in the south of Sweden who have distinct opinions about e‑groceries and show resistance to embracing their services.         Conclusion: Six of the original ten e-commerce barriers were deemed irrelevant to e-groceries. The other four were relevant and impacted the embrace of e-grocery services for potential customers. Two new barriers specifically linked to e-groceries were discovered. Countermeasures have to a certain degree influenced how customers have managed to overcome certain barriers.

Lean is a concept that help companies to become more efficient and more focused on their customers and their goals. Previously lean have mostly been used in production but today it is a trend to implement lean in other types of organizations. To get maximum efficiency in a company all parts and divisions need to be involved in the improvements. Organizations realizes that administrative functions can be the least efficient and that part of the organization need to be changed. There are not yet much research about lean in administrative functions and for an organization that want to implement lean in their administrative environment an understanding of complications and barriers they might face can help. The purpose of this study was to get an insight of what barriers that an organization will face when implementing lean in administrative functions. The theoretical framework was developed for the purpose of this study and it is done by a combination of the lean concept and administrative functions but with a focus on barriers when implementing lean. The framework is presented through four blocks of barriers in the implementation of lean in administrative functions. The four blocks are, lack ofknowledge about lean, lack of management support and involvement, lack of patience and longterm perspective and also lack of motivation. The approach is based on a qualitative study where empirical data have been collected through four Swedish organizations. The organizations have all implemented lean or been part of an implementation of lean in administrative functions. The conclusion of this study is that barriers in administrative functions can be compared to barriers in production and it can be said that they are similar. When implementing lean in administrative functions the barrier lack of knowledge about lean is large as it is common that organizations misunderstand the lean concept and that it can not be used in administrative environment in the same extent as in production. It is also a barrier that the lack of knowledge lead to that the organization do not know how to use the lean concept in their organization. To overcome the barriers the management support and involvement is highly important. The limitations of this study is that the findings need more investigation to be generalized. The chosen barriers for the framework can have affected the conclusion and more barriers can be found.

The contents of this master thesis is to analyse the influence of natural and synthetic obstructions for a new land setting in an elected cadastral area-Dolní Svince. The proposal is oriented on a new land setting in Dolní Svince with a relationship on communication and hydric The land form is processed in cadastral area in Dolni Svince which lies in northeastern part of Český Krumlov. Its center line creates the main road E55, which connects Český Krumlov and České Budějovice. Two synthetic and impossible obstacles are created. One obstacle is a new speed communication R/3 that will be connected with a new highway system of Czech republic. The second synthetic obstacle is an existing railway. The natural obstacle is Čekanovský-Svinovský stream. These obstacles limit the owners of the land to solve the area problem. They limit the distance of the land from the centre of cadastral area and the movement of an agricultural mechanissation through and over this obstacles. Within a new barrier, there is also an access of seperated owners on their territories. New organization is connected and supported with a plan of common facilities. All criterias are taken into account, concerning the land registration to be shaped and the land to be located-these criterias are the price diferences, measures and the distance from the centre of an urban area.

abstract: no / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Educational Administration and Supervision 2014

The e-commerce revolution in business can help African countries expand their tourism industry. Africa, with its great wealth in wildlife and unique resorts, can benefit from the ever increasing user population of the Internet, particularly in the USA and Western Europe where most of the tourists to Africa come from (Internet World Stats, 2004). E-commerce which runs on the backbone of the Internet can help the African tourism industry break into international tourism, thus increasing the flows of the much needed foreign currency. As there was little empirical data on the e-commerce activities in the African tourism industry the researcher first and foremost examined a large number of websites in order to paint a picture of the nature and extent of the e-commerce activities in four -African countries. For comparison, websites of tourism organisations from USA and Western Europe were also examined. The surveys revealed that few of the African organisations are embracing e-commerce and that although some websites were comparable to those of their western counterparts the majority had room for considerable improvement. After examining the websites another survey was carried out to find the current progress of e-commerce adoption and usage from the perspective of the African tourism organisations. Analysis of the data collected showed that e-commerce adoption among the tourism organisations was slow. This led to more surveys being carried out to find the barriers to e-commerce among tourism organisations with information-only websites and those whose websites had limited interactive facilities. These surveys revealed that tourism organisations with information-only websites faced more barriers than those with websites which had limited interactive features. They also revealed that the most common barriers were technological and security and legal barriers. The ultimate survey involved finding out from tourism organisations with fully-fledged e-commerce websites how they overcame the e-commerce barriers. The methods used by these organisations to overcome e-commerce barriers together with recommendations made in the surveys carried out earlier were used to formulate recommendations and guidelines for those organisations intending to adopt and e-commerce. The recommendations and guidelines were tested and results showed that they are helpful and easy to follow.

Authors over the last two decades have discussed the myriad of challenges present in managing college students with severe mental health disorders. During the same time period, Marsha Linehan developed dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) as an empirically sound intervention for individuals with suicidal and self-injurious behaviors and this treatment grew to be an evidence-based practice for a range of challenging clinical issues. I argue that one solution to continued increases in college students who present for treatment to their college counseling centers with difficult-to-treat mental health issues, including but not limited to, borderline personality disorder (BPD), is to implement DBT programs on college campuses. As such, the purpose of this dissertation is to address both practical and theoretical issues in the implementation of DBT in college counseling centers. In chapter two, I begin by presenting an overview of DBT as a comprehensive treatment model and a review of the research to date related to DBT in college counseling centers. In chapter three, I offer a detailed account of the program development and implementation process of the DBT program housed in the college counseling center at Florida Gulf Coast University. In chapter four, I present an investigation of current trends and barriers to implementation of DBT in college counseling centers. Finally, in chapter five, I present a qualitative inquiry of the experience of BPD as told by individuals who have been successfully treated with DBT. I argue that understanding client experiences and behaviors in context is critically important if one is to be able to respond empathically and compassionately. In essence, these chapters represent my attempt to synthesize two areas that I believe are required for successful implementation of DBT programs that provide good quality care: 1) Navigating the complexities of implementing DBT in college counseling centers as practice setting and 2) Appropriate management for clinician biases and tendencies to stigmatize BPD clients, which interferes with their ability to provide care that is both effective and compassionate.

Migrationen till Sverige har ökat avsevärt under de senaste åren vilket innebär att ett ökat antal personer som inte har svenska som modersmål kan vara i behov av vård. För en god vård behöver också patienters delaktighet respekteras och en vårdande relation mellan sjuksköterskor och patienter etableras. Språkliga hinder kan medföra att patienter upplever oro och otrygghet i vården. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av språkliga hinder i möten med patienter. Metoden som har använts är en litteraturstudie där tio vetenskapliga artiklar, både kvalitativa och kvantitativa, analyserades. Resultatet presenteras i sex olika teman: ett hinder för att förstå och bedöma patienters behov och situation, ett skäl till att vårdandet kompliceras, ett skäl till att kulturella skillnader uppstår, att övervinna språkliga hinder med hjälp av tolk, att övervinna språkliga hinder med hjälp av informell tolk, att övervinna språkliga hinder med egna strategier. Det framkom att den icke-fungerande kommunikationen och de kulturella skillnaderna med patienter försvårade sjuksköterskors arbete. Formell tolk, informell tolk som exempelvis familjemedlemmar och tvåspråkig personal, samt olika verbala, icke-verbala och visuella hjälpmedel användes för att förbättra kommunikationen. Alla dessa strategier hade sina för- och nackdelar vilket sjuksköterskor bör ta i beaktning. Det är ändå av stor vikt att sjuksköterskor interagerar med patienter när språkliga hinder föreligger, vilket främjar den vårdande relationen och kan öka patienters känsla av tillit och trygghet.

Master of Science / Department of Kinesiology / Mary A. McElroy / Arthritis is one of the most prevalent and debilitating chronic health conditions for Americans. As no cure exists for arthritis, one emphasis of treatment focuses on the self-management of the disease through regular physical activity. Despite the well known health benefits, low physical activity rates exist among people with arthritis, particularly women. Research needs to focus on what influences decisions to participate in physical activity, one such influence is barriers. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships among perceived barrier presence and perceived barrier limitation of 25 general and 16 arthritis-specific barriers and moderate physical activity. Participants were 279 women (M = 48.57years) with arthritis who completed a web-based survey. A hierarchical multiple regression to predict moderate physical activity was significant (p < .001). General barrier limitation contributed the most to predicting total moderate physical activity participation. Education, body mass index, general barrier presence, arthritis-specific barrier presence, and arthritis-specific barrier limitations were also significant independent predictors. Findings suggest that the more general and arthritis-specific barriers identified (barrier presence) and higher extent of limitation (barrier limitation) was associated with lower levels of participation in physical activity. Future research would benefit from including a measurement of frequency of perceived barriers to better understand the impact of barriers to physical activity. A greater understanding of general and arthritis-specific barriers to physical activity may be used as a basis for targeted interventions to help women with arthritis participate in physical activity.

Magister Public Health - MPH / In countries like Zambia where HIV prevalence (14.3% in the age group 15-49 years) is one of the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, HIV testing is an important strategy to combat the HIV/AIDS epidemic, because it is a critical step towards HIV/AIDS care, treatment and support. Despite decades of HIV/AIDS information and education campaigns, only 10% of Zambians know their HIV status. This study aimed to describe the uptake of voluntary counseling and testing and factors associated with uptake at Ngungu Mini - hospital in Ngungu Township, Zambia. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted among 100 adult clients accessing health care at Ngungu mini - hospital during the second week of January 2009. Participants were asked to fill in a questionnaire on VCT, knowledge, attitudes towards HIV testing, and factors that promote/hinder HIV testing. Data was captured with Excel and basic descriptive analysis done using SPSS version 16.0 and Epi Info Version 3.3.1. / South Africa

Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / In South Africa, the Education White Paper 6 on Special Needs Education (2001) Building an inclusive education and training system stated that the special schools would be resource centres for ordinary schools that admit learners with disabilities. Occupational therapists,physiotherapists, speech and language therapists (collectively called therapists) had previously been employed in special schools, but under the new structure, would form part of the district-based support teams to provide their support to ordinary and full service schools.Therapists working in an inclusive education system would need to change the focus of their model of support from a medical model of direct support to a health-promoting model of indirect support. The aim of the current study was to determine whether therapists are changing their model of support in building inclusive and health-promoting schools and also to determine the barriers and facilitators they experience in providing their support in an inclusive education system. This study used both qualitative and quantitative methodology.The quantitative component was a non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional design,using one questionnaire in a survey. The questionnaire was used to determine the type of support provided to schools. In total, 97 therapists, who worked at special schools in the Western Cape, participated in the study by completing the questionnaire. The test-retest results of the questionnaire indicated that most of questions (63%) showed perfect agreement (Kappa 0.81-1.0). Quantitative data analysis was done by descriptive statistics, using SPSS.The results indicated that therapists were using the medical model of support combined with a more holistic approach using the principles of the health-promoting framework. The qualitative component involved three group interviews, which were held at three different special schools, in three different education districts, with a total of 12 therapists. The group interviews were used to determine the barriers and facilitators that either prevent or promote provision of support. Qualitative data analysis was done by using content analysis with codes and themes to determine barriers and facilitators. The barriers included the following: therapists’ uncertainty about roles; lack of networking, lack of certain competencies and training; delayed response from district; lack of policy;autocratic leadership styles; exclusion from the district-based support team; concern to support learners at special school; therapists being based at the special school; lack of human resources; insufficient time; cost of therapists’ training; education department circuit boundaries affecting communication;negative attitudes of principals and educators; and parents’ non-involvement. The facilitators included therapists’ competencies to fulfil roles; educators’ positive attitude; meetings; training to improve therapists’ skills; the co-ordinating role of the district-based support team;and the supportive role of learner support educator and the principal. This study provides evidence concerning therapists’ roles and the barriers and facilitators which therapists experience regarding their support provision in an inclusive education system.