Master of Arts in Heritage - Heritage Studies / The diamond company De Beers is in the process of re-designing the Kimberley Mine Museum – a site marking the very beginnings of South Africa’s industrial history. The development of the new attraction will be subject to various forces and considerations which will impact on how the museum will reflect the history of the city, of its people, and of De Beers itself. These forces include the traditional educational function of a museum, the historical functions of displaying social history, possible new political expectations of a more inclusive social history being displayed, the corporate ownership of this attraction, and commercial pressures. The main aim of the research will be to investigate ways in which an inclusive social history is accommodated in the planning process for the new museum.

No description available.

No description available.

M.Comm. / The realities of competing in today’s rapidly changing environment require flexible leadership styles, motivation, empowerment, creativity and innovation to drive maximum performance. The core of leadership today is the art of mobilising and putting together the intellectual resources of all employees (i.e. skills, knowledge and experience) of the organisation to maximise productivity. Most organisations are experiencing the challenges of understanding that leadership styles do have a significant impact on performance and employee motivation. This study investigates the relationship between these concepts (i.e. leadership, motivation and performance) and the impact they have on employees and the organisation. A quantitative research project was conducted within the De Beers Corporate Headquarters through an online survey. A random sample of employees at various job levels and within various disciplines was selected. A total of 310 questionnaires were distributed and a response rate of 79% was achieved. The main findings of the research discovered that a significant relationship exists between the style of leadership demonstrated in a particular situation and the impact it has on the motivation and performance levels of employees in an organisation. Recommendations are made regarding improvements and changes that should be made should the study be repeated in the future. The recommendations include: putting in place measures to recognise and reward the successful implementation of new ideas made by employees; consider providing employees with flexibility in terms of structuring their remuneration packages and negotiating flexible working arrangements; putting in place performance systems that recognise and reward team performance adequately and consistently; putting in place measures to monitor the evaluation and tracking of poor performers within De Beers and regularly benchmark the reward system with ii world-class systems to ensure that De Beers remains competitive and is able to retain its exceptional performers. Limitations of the study were identified and outlined. The main limitation was that the research study was limited only to employees based at the headquarters and did not include employees at the various operations in other regions. This results in limited respondents’ perceptions, which would have been better enhanced if all operations were included in the study. The research has added value in that it will ensure that De Beers leaders are aware of the various leadership styles that they can use. This can establish a broader understanding of how and when to use the various leadership styles to ensure maximum performance, through happy and motivated employees.

Les sujets âgés sont souvent atteints de nombreuses comorbidités. Leur prise en charge thérapeutique selon les recommandations en vigueur peut être à l’origine d’une polymédication. La prescription de psychotropes est fréquemment retrouvée dans les traitements des sujets âgés. Cette classe thérapeutique est à haut risque iatrogène potentiel dans cette population vulnérable. Les effets indésirables médicamenteux les plus notables sont les chutes, les fractures et les troubles confusionnels. L’identification des psychotropes potentiellement inappropriés (PPI) chez les sujets âgés à l’aide de la liste de Beers a fait l’objet de peu de travaux.Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient d’identifier les prescriptions de psychotropes potentiellement inappropriés (PPI) à l’aide des listes de Beers actualisées dans les traitements de sujets hospitalisés ou vivant en Etablissement d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (EHPAD). Les facteurs liés à ces prescriptions ont aussi été recherchés.La polymédication, ainsi que les troubles neuropsychiatriques du sujet âgé doivent rendre le prescripteur de psychotropes particulièrement vigilant dans cette population particulièrement vulnérable.L’usage des listes de médicaments potentiellement inappropriés (MPI) pourrait permettre d’identifier les psychotropes au rapport bénéfice risque défavorable chez les sujets âgés. Et orienter le choix du prescripteur vers des traitements plus favorables au patient. / Elderly people often have many comorbidities. Therapeutic management according to the recommendations in force may be at the origin of a polymedication. The prescription of psychotropic drugs is frequently found in the treatment of elderly patients. This therapeutic class is at high potential iatrogenic risk in this vulnerable population. The most notable adverse drug reactions are falls, fractures and confusion. The identification of potentially inappropriate psychotropic medications (PIP) in elderly subjects using the Beers list has received little attention.The objective of this thesis was to identify the prescriptions of potentially inappropriate psychotropic drugs (PIP) using the updated Beers lists in the treatment of subjects hospitalized or living in the nursing home. Factors related to these treatment s were also investigated.Polymedication, as well as neuropsychiatric disorders in the elderly, should make the prescriber of psychotropic drugs particularly vigilant in this particularly vulnerable population.The use of lists of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) could identify psychotropic drugs with an unfavorable risk-benefit ratio in elderly subjects. And direct the choice of the prescriber towards treatments more favorable to the patient.

Polypharmacy, the use of five or more medications, is a public health epidemic that leads to high health care utilization and costs in older adults globally. Health care organizations and professionals have used interdisciplinary collaboration (IC) interventions to reduce polypharmacy and health care costs with little benefit. There is limited research and integration of IC with an evidence-based practice (EBP) guideline among primary care providers (PCPs) in the primary care setting. The aims of this Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project were to conduct a knowledge and needs assessment via Qualtrics survey to identify PCPs’ current knowledge, practices, and perceptions regarding IC and the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Beers Criteria on reducing older adult polypharmacy in an urban primary care setting; and to assess PCPs’ interest in participating in IC with a pharmacist using the AGS Beers Criteria. The responses obtained from the Qualtrics survey revealed PCPs were comfortable in communicating to older adults about polypharmacy; however, PCPs with longer practice experiences displayed misconceptions due to lack of familiarity and interest in participating in IC using the AGS Beers Criteria. Overall, 70% of PCPs felt comfortable about participating in IC alone, 50% of PCPs were familiar with IC, and 60% of PCPs used the AGS Beers Criteria. Even though 60% of PCPs felt comfortable about participating in IC based on AGS Beers Criteria with a pharmacist, only 50% of PCPs were interested in participating IC with a pharmacist using AGS Beers Criteria. Barriers and recommendations are discussed further in this DNP Project paper.

Submitted by JUSSEMI BIAZON DALTIN null (jussemidaltin@bauru.sp.gov.br) on 2016-12-07T00:06:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao de Mestrado - Jussemi.pdf: 2697527 bytes, checksum: a495bff84c4ebd015c2fa73b1fa5fb53 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-12-09T13:03:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 daltin_jb_me_bot.pdf: 2697527 bytes, checksum: a495bff84c4ebd015c2fa73b1fa5fb53 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-09T13:03:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 daltin_jb_me_bot.pdf: 2697527 bytes, checksum: a495bff84c4ebd015c2fa73b1fa5fb53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-08 / Objetivos: Analisar o perfil da prescrição de inibidores da colinesterase e de outros medicamentos em pacientes idosos portadores de demência da doença de Alzheimer (ddA) atendidos em centro de atenção a idosos no município de Bauru/SP. Métodos: Estudo de delineamento transversal, descritivo e analítico, realizado com idosos portadores de demência da doença de Alzheimer (ddA), do Programa Municipal de Atenção ao Idoso (PROMAI), no período de abril de 2015 a agosto de 2015. Participantes: 81 idosos (66 mulheres e 15 homens) que faziam acompanhamento no Programa Municipal de Atenção ao Idoso (PROMAI). Resultados: Dos idosos, 81,5% pertencia ao sexo feminino, 92,6% tinham 75 anos ou mais de idade, 64,2% não eram casados, 58% tinham até 4 anos de escolaridade, 60,5% tinham renda de até um salário mínimo, 60,5% tinham como cuidador principal as filhas e 90,1% residiam com algum familiar. Dentre as comorbidades mais comuns associadas às demências encontramos hipertensão arterial (29,6%), diabetes melitus (13,4%), hipotireoidismo (8,4%) e dislipidemias (7,8%). A capacidade cognitiva expressa pelo MEEM foi em média 14,5 pontos. A polifarmácia esteve presente em 63% dos idosos e, dentre eles, 77,8% faziam uso de algum MPI. A frequência de prescrição dos ICH foi: 54,9% rivastigmina, 33,3% donepezila e 11,8% galantamina. A memantina teve uma prevalência de prescrição de 2,5%. Dos motivos do não uso de tratamento para a ddA, os efeitos colaterais indesejáveis representaram 28% dos casos. Dos idosos estudados, 91% tinha acesso ao tratamento com os ICH através do programa de medicamentos do CEAF. O CDR (Clinical Dementia Rating) não foi encontrado na totalidade dos prontuários analisados. Conclusão: A polifarmácia esteve presente em 63% dos idosos estudados e 77,8% faziam uso de algum MPI. A polifarmácia teve associação estatisticamente positiva com o número de comorbidades (p=0,0018), escolaridade (p=0,0017), hipertensão arterial (p=0,0013) e diabetes melittus (p<0,01) e o uso de MPI apresentou associação estatisticamente positiva com a polifarmácia (p<0,01). Dos medicamentos para tratar a ddA a rivastigmina aparece com a maior prevalência de uso, 34,6%, e 30,9% não faziam uso de nenhum tratamento para a ddA. Efeitos colaterais indesejáveis e doença em estado avançado, 28%, aparecem como os principais motivos de não uso de medicamentos. / Objectives: To analyze the profile of prescribing cholinesterase inhibitors and other medications in elderly patients with Dementia of Alzheimer's disease (DAD) met in Center of attention for the elderly in the city of Bauru/SP. Methods: Study of transverse, descriptive and analytical design, conducted with elderly patients with Dementia of Alzheimer's disease (DAD), in the Municipal Program of Attention to the older persons (PROMAI), from April to August 2015. Participants: 81 elderly (66 women and 15 men) who were monitoring the Municipal program of Attention to the Elderly (PROMAI). Results: Of the elderly 81.5% belonged to the female, 92.6% were 75 years or older, 64.2% were unmarried, 58% had up to 4 years of schooling, 60.5% had incomes up to 1 minimum salary, 60.5% had as main caregiver daughters and 90.1% lived with a family member. Among the most prevalent comorbid associated with dementias found Hypertension (29.6%), Diabetes mellitus (13.4%), Hypothyroidism (8.4%) and dyslipidemias (7.8%). Cognitive ability expressed by the MMSE was an average of 14.5 points. The polypharmacy was present in 63% of the elderly and among the elderly 77.8% made use of some MPI. The frequency of prescription of (the) ICH was: 54.9% rivastigmine, 33.3% Donepezil and 11.8% galantamina. Memantine had a prevalence of prescription of 2.5%. The reasons of the non-use of treatment for DAD, the undesirable side effects accounted for 28% of the cases. The elderly studied 91% had access to treatment with the ICH trough medication program CEAF. The CDR (Clinical Dementia Rating) was not found in all the analyzed records. Conclusion: Polypharmacy was present in 63% of the elderly studied and 77.8% made use of some MPI. The polypharmacy had statistically positive association with the number of comorbid (p<0.01), education (p < 0.01), hypertension (p<0.01) and melittus diabetes (p<0.01) and the use of MPI presented statistically positive association with polypharmacy (p < 0.01). Of the medications to treatment DAD the rivastigmine appears with the higher prevalence of use, 34.6% and 30.9% did not use any treatment for DAD. Undesirable side effects and advanced-stage disease, 28%, appear as the main reasons for non-use of medicines

Estados e municípios puderam definir seu próprio elenco de medicamentos a ser ofertados aos seus cidadãos com a Política Nacional de Medicamentos (1998), e a consequente descentralização da Assistência Farmacêutica. Percebeu-se a oportunidade de realizar um estudo para analisar peculiaridades de um conjunto de Relações Municipais de Medicamentos Essenciais (Remumes) de municípios paulistas, visando a racionalidade das listas como instrumento norteador da aquisição, distribuição, prescrição e planejamento da AF municipal. Considerou-se as possibilidades de diferentes cenários, dependente da qualidade da gestão, organização e do perfil dos recursos humanos locais e que uma equipe farmacêutica competente e qualificada prove uma melhor gestão da AF. Além disso, considerando os impactos da transição demográfica e epidemiológica da população brasileira em que os idosos utilizam mais medicamentos, gestores e profissionais da saúde precisam selecionar medicamentos criteriosamente para atender necessidades dessa faixa etária. O emprego de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (MPI) para idosos requer cuidado e estudos tem procurado lista-los e criar instrumentos de seleção. Aqueles inclusos nos critérios Beers definidos com apoio da Sociedade Americana de Geriatria encontram-se associados a desfechos desfavoráveis de saúde e mortalidade. OBJETIVOS: Analisar Remumes disponibilizadas para este estudo visando alertar profissionais de saúde e gestores sobre MPIs que podem comprometer a segurança dos pacientes no processo de utilização de medicamentos. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal de análise das Remumes dos municípios sedes dos 17 Departamentos Regionais de Saúde (DRSs) e das Remumes dos 27 municípios do Departamento Regional de Saúde (DRS) XIII enfatizando aqueles MPIs contidos nelas. Obtiveram-se 100% das 17 Remumes dos municípios sedes dos DRSs e 92,3% das 27 Remumes dos municípios do DRS XIII, formando um banco de dados com 9063 medicamentos, discriminados pela classificação ATC e pelos diversos critérios de Beers. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Os municípios sedes apresentaram Remumes contendo de 128 (Piracicaba) a 396 (Santos) medicamentos, com média de 272,3 (DP=71,1) medicamentos. As Remume dos municípios da DRS XIII apresentaram entre 32 (Luiz Antônio) e 403 (Cássia dos Coqueiros) medicamentos, com média de 198 (DP=111,4). Predominaram os medicamentos que atuavam no sistema nervoso seguidos pelos cardiovasculares e anti-infecciosos sistêmicos. Quando os medicamentos contidos nas Remumes foram submetidos à aplicação dos critérios de Beers, foram identificados 59,9% de MPIs, sendo que do total de 77 classes terapêuticas 39 (53,6%) classes tinham pelo menos um representante na lista dos Critérios de Beers. Os achados foram discutidos comparando dados dos municípios, outros critérios para medicamentos inapropriados para idosos, à luz de evidências clíncas mais recentes. CONCLUSÃO: As Remumes mostraram elevada variação no número de medicamentos e grupos farmacológicos e elenco considerável de medicamentos dos critérios de Beers. Apontou para necessidade de qualificação da assistência farmacêutica municipal e a elaboração de um guia norteador que contribuam para o fortalecimento da Atenção Básica e da Assistência Farmacêutica. Este aprimoramento da utilização de medicamentos em geral e para idosos, envolvendo a prescrição, dispensação, administração e uso pelo paciente, reduzem morbimortalidade relacionada aos medicamentos. / States and municipalities were able to define their own list of medicines to be offered to their citizens with the National Drug Policy (1998) and the consequent decentralization of Pharmaceutical Assistance (PA). It was noticed the opportunity to carry out a study to analyze the peculiarities of a set of Municipal Lists of Essential Medicines (Remumes) of São Paulo state municipalities, aiming at the rationality of lists as a guiding instrument for the acquisition, distribution, prescription and planning of the municipal PA. Consideration was given to the possibilities of different scenarios, depending on the quality of management, organization and the profile of local human resources, and that a competent and qualified pharmaceutical team provides a better management of PA. In addition, considering the impact of the demographic and epidemiological transition of the Brazilian population in which the elderly use more drugs, managers and health professionals need to select medicines carefully to meet the needs of this age group. The employment of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) for the elderly require care and studies have sought to list them and develop screening tools . Those included in the Beers criteria, defined with support from the American Society of Geriatrics, are associated with unfavorable health and mortality outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To analyze Remumes made available for this study in order to alert health professionals and managers about MPIs that may compromise patients\' safety in the medication use process. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of the Remumes of the municipalities of the 17 Regional Health Departments (DRSs) and of the Remumes of the 27 municipalities of the Regional Health Department (DRS) XIII emphasizing those MPIs contained in them. 100% of the 17 Remumes of the municipalities of the DRSs and 92.3% of the 27 Remumes of the municipalities of the DRS XIII were formed, forming a database with 9063 medicines, discriminated by the ATC classification and by the diverse criteria of Beers. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The municipal districts presented Remumes containing from 128 (Piracicaba) to 396 (Santos) medications, with an average of 272.3 (SD = 71.1) medications. Remume of DRS XIII municipalities presented medications between 32 (Luiz Antônio) and 403 (Cássia dos Coqueiros), with a mean of 198 (SD = 111.4). Predominant drugs that worked in the nervous system followed by cardiovascular and systemic anti-infectious. When medicinal products contained in Remumes were submitted to the Beers criteria, 59.9% of PIMs were identified. Of the total of 77 therapeutic classes, 39 (53.6%) classes had at least one representative in the list of Criteria of Beers. The findings were discussed comparing data from the municipalities, other criteria for PIMs for the elderly, in light of more recent clinical evidence. CONCLUSION: Remumes showed high variation in the number of drugs and pharmacological groups and considerable list of drugs of the Beers criteria. He pointed to the need for qualification of municipal pharmaceutical assistance and the elaboration of a guiding guide that contribute to the strengthening of Primary Care and Pharmaceutical Assistance. This improvement in the utilization of medications in general and for the elderly, involving prescription, dispensing, administration and use by the patient, reduces drug-related morbidity and mortality.

Estados e municípios puderam definir seu próprio elenco de medicamentos a ser ofertados aos seus cidadãos com a Política Nacional de Medicamentos (1998), e a consequente descentralização da Assistência Farmacêutica. Percebeu-se a oportunidade de realizar um estudo para analisar peculiaridades de um conjunto de Relações Municipais de Medicamentos Essenciais (Remumes) de municípios paulistas, visando a racionalidade das listas como instrumento norteador da aquisição, distribuição, prescrição e planejamento da AF municipal. Considerou-se as possibilidades de diferentes cenários, dependente da qualidade da gestão, organização e do perfil dos recursos humanos locais e que uma equipe farmacêutica competente e qualificada prove uma melhor gestão da AF. Além disso, considerando os impactos da transição demográfica e epidemiológica da população brasileira em que os idosos utilizam mais medicamentos, gestores e profissionais da saúde precisam selecionar medicamentos criteriosamente para atender necessidades dessa faixa etária. O emprego de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (MPI) para idosos requer cuidado e estudos tem procurado lista-los e criar instrumentos de seleção. Aqueles inclusos nos critérios Beers definidos com apoio da Sociedade Americana de Geriatria encontram-se associados a desfechos desfavoráveis de saúde e mortalidade. OBJETIVOS: Analisar Remumes disponibilizadas para este estudo visando alertar profissionais de saúde e gestores sobre MPIs que podem comprometer a segurança dos pacientes no processo de utilização de medicamentos. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal de análise das Remumes dos municípios sedes dos 17 Departamentos Regionais de Saúde (DRSs) e das Remumes dos 27 municípios do Departamento Regional de Saúde (DRS) XIII enfatizando aqueles MPIs contidos nelas. Obtiveram-se 100% das 17 Remumes dos municípios sedes dos DRSs e 92,3% das 27 Remumes dos municípios do DRS XIII, formando um banco de dados com 9063 medicamentos, discriminados pela classificação ATC e pelos diversos critérios de Beers. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Os municípios sedes apresentaram Remumes contendo de 128 (Piracicaba) a 396 (Santos) medicamentos, com média de 272,3 (DP=71,1) medicamentos. As Remume dos municípios da DRS XIII apresentaram entre 32 (Luiz Antônio) e 403 (Cássia dos Coqueiros) medicamentos, com média de 198 (DP=111,4). Predominaram os medicamentos que atuavam no sistema nervoso seguidos pelos cardiovasculares e anti-infecciosos sistêmicos. Quando os medicamentos contidos nas Remumes foram submetidos à aplicação dos critérios de Beers, foram identificados 59,9% de MPIs, sendo que do total de 77 classes terapêuticas 39 (53,6%) classes tinham pelo menos um representante na lista dos Critérios de Beers. Os achados foram discutidos comparando dados dos municípios, outros critérios para medicamentos inapropriados para idosos, à luz de evidências clíncas mais recentes. CONCLUSÃO: As Remumes mostraram elevada variação no número de medicamentos e grupos farmacológicos e elenco considerável de medicamentos dos critérios de Beers. Apontou para necessidade de qualificação da assistência farmacêutica municipal e a elaboração de um guia norteador que contribuam para o fortalecimento da Atenção Básica e da Assistência Farmacêutica. Este aprimoramento da utilização de medicamentos em geral e para idosos, envolvendo a prescrição, dispensação, administração e uso pelo paciente, reduzem morbimortalidade relacionada aos medicamentos. / States and municipalities were able to define their own list of medicines to be offered to their citizens with the National Drug Policy (1998) and the consequent decentralization of Pharmaceutical Assistance (PA). It was noticed the opportunity to carry out a study to analyze the peculiarities of a set of Municipal Lists of Essential Medicines (Remumes) of São Paulo state municipalities, aiming at the rationality of lists as a guiding instrument for the acquisition, distribution, prescription and planning of the municipal PA. Consideration was given to the possibilities of different scenarios, depending on the quality of management, organization and the profile of local human resources, and that a competent and qualified pharmaceutical team provides a better management of PA. In addition, considering the impact of the demographic and epidemiological transition of the Brazilian population in which the elderly use more drugs, managers and health professionals need to select medicines carefully to meet the needs of this age group. The employment of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) for the elderly require care and studies have sought to list them and develop screening tools . Those included in the Beers criteria, defined with support from the American Society of Geriatrics, are associated with unfavorable health and mortality outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To analyze Remumes made available for this study in order to alert health professionals and managers about MPIs that may compromise patients\' safety in the medication use process. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of the Remumes of the municipalities of the 17 Regional Health Departments (DRSs) and of the Remumes of the 27 municipalities of the Regional Health Department (DRS) XIII emphasizing those MPIs contained in them. 100% of the 17 Remumes of the municipalities of the DRSs and 92.3% of the 27 Remumes of the municipalities of the DRS XIII were formed, forming a database with 9063 medicines, discriminated by the ATC classification and by the diverse criteria of Beers. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The municipal districts presented Remumes containing from 128 (Piracicaba) to 396 (Santos) medications, with an average of 272.3 (SD = 71.1) medications. Remume of DRS XIII municipalities presented medications between 32 (Luiz Antônio) and 403 (Cássia dos Coqueiros), with a mean of 198 (SD = 111.4). Predominant drugs that worked in the nervous system followed by cardiovascular and systemic anti-infectious. When medicinal products contained in Remumes were submitted to the Beers criteria, 59.9% of PIMs were identified. Of the total of 77 therapeutic classes, 39 (53.6%) classes had at least one representative in the list of Criteria of Beers. The findings were discussed comparing data from the municipalities, other criteria for PIMs for the elderly, in light of more recent clinical evidence. CONCLUSION: Remumes showed high variation in the number of drugs and pharmacological groups and considerable list of drugs of the Beers criteria. He pointed to the need for qualification of municipal pharmaceutical assistance and the elaboration of a guiding guide that contribute to the strengthening of Primary Care and Pharmaceutical Assistance. This improvement in the utilization of medications in general and for the elderly, involving prescription, dispensing, administration and use by the patient, reduces drug-related morbidity and mortality.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: De Beers Marine (Ply) Limited (DBM) is a wholly owned subsidiary of the De Beers group of companies. DBM initially operated as an exploration company, but was pressunsed to transform from a explorative venture to a sustainable and profitable company. This involves operating diamond mining vessels at an unprecedented scale. Project management techniques are used to design, construct and commission these vessels. The problem that DBM is presented with is that its projects are often completed late or under immense pressure to be completed within the allocated time. This study focuses on the performance of these projects from the perspective of scope management to analyse its effect on the outcome of the projects. Literature on project scope management was studied to determine what effective scope management processes should be in place to facilitate a project's success. DBM project data was studied to determine which scope management processes had an effect on DBM project success. The data showed that for the projects that had both quantitative and qualitative information, scope management was highlighted as instrumental in both successful and less successful projects, i.e. in DBM effective scope management contributes to project success. A lack of scope management increases the chances of a project not meeting its required project management parameters. The conclusion is that for DBM projects, there must be a strong focus on upfront scope management processes of initiation, planning and definition. The processes of verification and change control must also be in place and managed well to support the upfront processes.