<P>The study of work teams has captured the attention of academics and practitioners throughout the latter stages of the twentieth century and into the twenty-first century. There has been much debate and one could be forgiven for thinking that we 'know' the answers. However, there are still substantial gaps in our knowledge of the practical operations of work teams.</P><P>The are many complications involved in the study of work teams, including the lack of suitable and consistently used definitions and the failure amongst researchers to distinguish between the nature of different forms of teamworking. Furthermore, the labelling of formal work groups is rather ambiguous, even clichéd. Academics and practitioners hold different perceptions about what makes a team and much of the literature reflects production processes within manufacturing organisations. With the growing size of the service economy further research must be undertaken to understand teams within this context.</P><P>On the basis of these difficulties, one may expect that it is impossible to compare teams that exist in different organisations, different product markets, different labour markets and indeed, different sectors of the economy. However, reflecting upon earlier industrial sociology that compares diverse industries this thesis makes such a comparison. A Government-owned call centre and a food-processing organisation are compared throughout this thesis. Both are smaller worksites of larger organisations. The intent of this thesis is to examine such diverse teams to consider how teams influence factors such as control, cooperation and resistance within organisations.</P><P>This thesis was developed to consider all employee actions in the workplace. This includes actions that would be viewed by management as positive and actions that would be considered by management as deviant or negative. Hence, a research methodology was required that was able to investigate actions that occur below the surface of formal and consensual rules and uncover any covert actions that were present in the workplace. To investigate such actions it was essential for the researcher to develop relationships with the research subjects that allowed a free exchange of information. Consequently, an ethnographic case study method was determined to be the most appropriate form of data collection. With the majority of fieldwork taking place over a period of eight months, the researcher was able to uncover some interesting actions in each workplace. Hence, a contribution to the literature can be made considering employee acts of resistance in new workplaces that are not changing to, but begin with a team structure.</P><P>This thesis investigates how work teams influence the level of control, cooperation and resistance within new organisations. It has been found that the work teams have little clear influence on aspects of worker control; this is primarily driven by managerial strategy. Where management maintain a hierarchical decision-making structure (even if it is flatter than the structure could be), then limited control will be devolved to the members of the work teams. The levels of both cooperation and resistance on the other hand are influenced primarily by the amount of off-task time that the team members have. Where employees have a greater level of off-task time, they have the scope and opportunity to engage in higher levels of cooperative acts, as well as higher levels of resistance. Furthermore, this thesis adds support to the notion that teams can exist in organisations without there being a high level of teamworking present. Teams in these organisations are a structure of social organisation and managerial control rather than employee empowerment. The notion of the managerially constructed work team seems to have some longevity and hence, cannot be completely dismissed as a managerial fad.</P>

Diversas medidas são adotadas com o objetivo de restabelecer a produção de leite materno, entre elas estão os galactagogos, substâncias com propriedades estimulantes para a lactação materna. Muitas dessas substâncias são de origem vegetal, cujo uso é amplamente disseminado pela cultura popular. Uma das plantas comumente utilizada é a Trígonella foenum-graecum, popularmente conhecida como Fenogrego. Apesar de existirem relatos de casos onde o Fenogrego exerceu ação positiva sobre a lactação materna, não existem estudos sistemáticos que corroborem seu efeito galactagogo, e mais importantes, que determinem sua segurança no que diz respeito à toxicidade. Assim, a proposta deste estudo foi verificar, durante a lactação, o efeito galactagogo do fenogrego bem como os possíveis efeitos maternos e no desenvolvimento da prole de ratas. Para tanto, ratas Wistar foram tratadas, por gavagem. Nossos resultados mostram que nas doses utilizadas, não existe toxicidade aparente do fenogrego. No entanto, também não foi observado nenhum efeito positivo sobre a produção de leite ou sobre o desenvolvimento da prole / There are different methods used to restore the breast milk production, and one of them is the galactagogues, substances with maternal lactation stimulant properties. Many of these substances are of vegetable origin, whose use is widely disseminated through popular culture. One of the plants most commonly used is the Trigonella foenum-graecum, popularly known as fenugreek. There are different reports describing the positive effect of fenugreek on maternal lactation; however, there are no systematic studies that support its galactagogue effect. Thus, the purpose of this study was to verify, during lactation, the effect of galactagogue fenogreek and maternal effects and development of offspring rats. To this end, female rats received by gavage different doses of fenugreek\'s dry seed extract. Our results demonstrate, in the used doses, there is no toxic effect. However, at the tested doses, the treatment also did not stimulate the maternal lactation

Diversas medidas são adotadas com o objetivo de restabelecer a produção de leite materno, entre elas estão os galactagogos, substâncias com propriedades estimulantes para a lactação materna. Muitas dessas substâncias são de origem vegetal, cujo uso é amplamente disseminado pela cultura popular. Uma das plantas comumente utilizada é a Trígonella foenum-graecum, popularmente conhecida como Fenogrego. Apesar de existirem relatos de casos onde o Fenogrego exerceu ação positiva sobre a lactação materna, não existem estudos sistemáticos que corroborem seu efeito galactagogo, e mais importantes, que determinem sua segurança no que diz respeito à toxicidade. Assim, a proposta deste estudo foi verificar, durante a lactação, o efeito galactagogo do fenogrego bem como os possíveis efeitos maternos e no desenvolvimento da prole de ratas. Para tanto, ratas Wistar foram tratadas, por gavagem. Nossos resultados mostram que nas doses utilizadas, não existe toxicidade aparente do fenogrego. No entanto, também não foi observado nenhum efeito positivo sobre a produção de leite ou sobre o desenvolvimento da prole / There are different methods used to restore the breast milk production, and one of them is the galactagogues, substances with maternal lactation stimulant properties. Many of these substances are of vegetable origin, whose use is widely disseminated through popular culture. One of the plants most commonly used is the Trigonella foenum-graecum, popularly known as fenugreek. There are different reports describing the positive effect of fenugreek on maternal lactation; however, there are no systematic studies that support its galactagogue effect. Thus, the purpose of this study was to verify, during lactation, the effect of galactagogue fenogreek and maternal effects and development of offspring rats. To this end, female rats received by gavage different doses of fenugreek\'s dry seed extract. Our results demonstrate, in the used doses, there is no toxic effect. However, at the tested doses, the treatment also did not stimulate the maternal lactation

This paper presents the Temporal Abstract Behavior Representation Model (TABRM). Current techniques for representing behaviors suffer from a lack of abstract representation capability and do not possess the robustness to be used in diverse environments. Without abstraction, the representation of behaviors becomes computationally complex due to the wealth of detail required to enumerate all attributes associated with the environment and the potential courses of action. As a result existing behavior representations tend to be restricted to a limited number of environments or behaviors. TABRM addresses these limitations by using abstraction to define a small number of abstract behaviors and environments. Through the use of abstracted behaviors and environments, TABRM is able to operate using a small decision tree to determine the most appropriate behavior for a given environment. TABRM translates detailed environments into an abstract representation, determines an appropriate abstract behavior, and translates the results back to the detailed environment to produce suitable actions. Decision making within the abstract realm allows an appropriate behavior to be selected regardless of the actual detailed environment. This provides robustness in the model, which is demonstrated within this paper through the application of the model to a range of behavioral domains.

Dirt ingress in hydraulic cylinders is one of the sources that leads to pollution of hydraulic systems. There are already several test rigs to investigate external contamination mechanisms. However, until now only the behavior of the whole sealing system was analyzed. A new testing method to understand the dirt particle transport between a reciprocating motioned rod and a wiper is presented. The new approach aims to avoid known issues such as limited reproducibility and long duration. The paper describes the test rig design and operating principle. First measurement results are shown.

Dirt ingress in hydraulic cylinders is one of the sources that leads to pollution of hydraulic systems. There are already several test rigs to investigate external contamination mechanisms. However, until now only the behavior of the whole sealing system was analyzed. A new testing method to understand the dirt particle transport between a reciprocating motioned rod and a wiper is presented. The new approach aims to avoid known issues such as limited reproducibility and long duration. The paper describes the test rig design and operating principle. First measurement results are shown.

Orientadores: Wesley Rodrigues Silva, Elisabeth Klara Viktoria Kalko / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T07:15:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mello_MarcoAurelioRibeirode_D.pdf: 11924484 bytes, checksum: 489faee696e90bc83417a8122a4ef478 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Morcegos têm grande importância ecológica nos Neotrópicos, por serem muito diversos, abundantes e interagirem com várias espécies de plantas e animais. Os morcegos filostomídeos da subfamília Stenodermatinae são frugívoros especializados e importantes dispersores de sementes, sendo que Sturnira lilium tem preferência por frutos de Solanaceae, uma família de grande valor ecológico e econômico. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar quatro aspectos principais e testar hipóteses relacionadas à maneira como essa interação ocorre e afeta ambos os grupos. De acordo com o esperado, a dieta de S. lilium foi inteiramente frugívora com uma forte dominância de solanáceas. A abundância de morcegos apresentou dois picos curtos ao longo do ano, ao contrário da produção de frutos que teve um pico único, porém mais longo. Os morcegos deixaram a área durante os meses mais frios e provavelmente migraram para altitudes mais baixas e quentes para escapar do clima severo e procurar por frutos de Solanaceae. A maioria das fêmeas de S. lilium se reproduziu durante os meses mais úmidos e quentes, durante a maior oferta de frutos. As solanáceas mostraram ser uma fonte de alimento confiável para S. lilium e sua fenologia pareceu regular a dinâmica populacional dos morcegos. S. lilium não apresentou fidelidade aos refúgios noturnos e diurnos, e usou uma grande distância de comutação e uma grande área de forrageio em comparação com outros pequenos mamíferos. A dispersão de sementes por S. lilium pareceu ser altamente benéfica para as plantas, de acordo com as hipóteses clássicas de fuga, colonização e dispersão limitada. Não observei evidências de fobia lunar em S. lilium, apesar de ter observado em outros dois filostomídeos frugívoros, Artibeus lituratus e Carollia perspicillata. As diferenças nas respostas à luz da Lua podem ser explicadas pelo habitat de forrageio, a dieta e distribuição espaço-temporal das plantas-alimento, e podem ter conseqüência para o sucesso reprodutivo das plantas-alimento. Os resultados do presente trabalho confirmam que a relação entre S. lilium e as solanáceas é muito forte, e que ela também é benéfica para ambos os grupos, afetando as populações de morcegos e plantas e consequentemente a estrutura de toda a comunidade / Abstract: Bats have a high ecological importance in the Neotropics for they are highly diverse, very abundant and interact with many plant and animal species. Phyllostomid bats of the subfamily Stenodermatinae are specialized frugivores and important seed dispersers, and Sturnira lilium prefers fruits of the Solanaceae, a family of high ecological and economical value. The goal of the present study was to investigate four main aspects and test hypotheses related to the way this interaction occurs and how it affects both groups. As expected, the diet of S. lilium was totally frugivore and Solanaceae prevailed. Bat abundance presented two short peaks throughout the year, while fruit production presented a single, but longer, peak. Bats left the area during colder months and probably migrated to lower and warmer altitudes to escape the severe climate and to search for Solanaceae fruits. Most S. lilium females reproduced during wetter and warmer months, during the highest fruit availability. The Solanaceae showed to be a reliable food source for S. lilium, and their phenology seemed to regulate bat population dynamics. S. lilium showed no roost fidelity, and used large commuting distances and foraging areas, if compared to other small mammals. Seed dispersal by S. lilium seemed to be highly beneficial for plants, according to the classical hypotheses of escape, colonization and limited dispersal. I observed no evidences of lunar phobia in S. lilium, despite having observed in other two frugivorous phyllostomids, Artibeus lituratus and Carollia perspicillata. Differences in response to moonlight may be explained by foraging habitat, diet and spatio-temporal distribution of food-plants, and may have consequences for the reproductive success of food-plants. Results of the present study suggest that the relationship between S. lilium and the Solanaceae is very strong, and that it is also beneficial for both groups, affecting populations of bats and plants, and consequently the structure of the whole community / Doutorado / Doutor em Ecologia

Orientador: Carlos Arturo Levi D'Ancona / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T19:52:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Campos_RenataMartins_M.pdf: 1119575 bytes, checksum: 397148d4be81905b2e9d46e70227d07b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Introdução: A enurese polissintomática é uma alteração funcional caracterizada por perdas involuntárias de urina durante o dia e a noite, que acometem indivíduos de uma faixa etária na qual o controle miccional deveria estar estabelecido. Está estimado que 5 % a 10% das crianças na idade escolar experimentam esse sintoma. A enurese polissintomática está freqüentemente associada com infecções recorrentes no trato urinário inferior e constipação intestinal. Objetivos: Verificar os resultados do tratamento fisioterapêutico associado à reeducação comportamental nas crianças enuréticas; analisar os efeitos do tratamento medicamentoso associado à reeducação comportamental; e comparar os resultados do tratamento fisioterapêutico com o farmacológico. Material e Métodos: O desenho do estudo foi um ensaio clínico controlado. O grupo I, com 21 crianças, fez uso de oxibutinina, orientações higiênico-dietético, postura miccional e diário miccional lúdico. O grupo II, com 26 crianças, realizou fisioterapia, por meio do treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico e acessório, orientações higiênico-dietético, postura miccional e diário miccional lúdico, durante três meses de tratamento. O diário miccional lúdico foi realizado pela criança por meio de desenhos coloridos sobre o sol e a chuva, registrando as perdas urinárias noturnas. Além disso, a criança era instruída a realizar somente um dos exercícios em casa por duas vezes semanais, com acompanhamento de um dos pais, previamente também orientados, a fim de motivá-los em todas as etapas. Resultados: A variável do diário miccional, ou seja, o número de dias com sol ou de noites secas, foi comparado a cada mês entre os grupos I e II, farmacológico e fisioterapêutico, respectivamente, por meio da análise de variância para medidas repetidas (ANOVA). No primeiro mês de tratamento as crianças do grupo I apresentaram 12±7 noites secas, no segundo mês 13±6 noites secas, chegando ao final do terceiro mês com 16±7 noites secas. Diferentemente, no grupo II, houve diferença significativa na evolução (p<0,001), ou seja, no primeiro mês de tratamento 15±8 noites secas, no segundo mês 21±6 noites secas, e finalmente no terceiro mês 24±5 noites secas. Conclusão: O tratamento fisioterapêutico associado às mudanças comportamentais, grupo II, comprovou sua eficácia nesses casos, sendo significativamente superiores ao tratamento farmacológico associado à mudança comportamental, o grupo I / Abstract: Introduction: Polysymptomatic enuresis is a functional alteration characterized by involuntary urine loss during the day and night that affects individuals of an age group in which the miction control should be established. It is estimated that 5%-10% of school age children experience this symptom. Polysymptomatic enuresis is frequently associated with recurrent infections of the low urinary tract and intestinal constipation Objectives: Verify the physiotherapeutic treatment results associated with behavioral reeducation in enuretic children, analyze the effects of medicines associated with behavioral reeducation, and compare the physiotherapeutic and pharmacological treatment results. Material and Methods: Twenty-one children in group I took oxybutynin, and received orientations concerning diet and hygiene, posture on the toilet, and miction schedule. Twenty-six children in group II underwent pelvic floor physiotherapy, received orientations about diet and hygiene, posture on the toilet, and miction schedule. Both groups were submitted to a three-month treatment period. The miction schedule was performed by the child through sun and rain pictures, registering urinary losses. In addition, the child was oriented to do only one of the exercises at home two times a week, being followed by one of their parents, who were also previously oriented to motivate them during all phases. Results: The ANOVA test was used to compare the variables of the miction schedule between the group I - pharmacological -, and the group II - physiotherapeutic -, according to the number of sun pictures. During the first treatment month, the children of the group I presented 12±7 dry nights, while during the second month, they presented 13±6 dry nights, arriving at the end of the third month with approximately 16±7 dry nights. On the other hand, the group II showed a significant difference (p<0,001), presenting15±8 dry nights during the first treatment month, 21±6 dry nights during the second month and, finally, 24±5 dry nights during the third month. Conclusion: Pelvic floor physiotherapy and orientations detailed before present better results than pharmacological treatment. Pelvic floor physiotherapy is a new treatment and could become an option for polysymptomatic enuresis / Mestrado / Cirurgia / Mestre em Cirurgia

Sverige anses vara en av världens mest avancerade IT-nationer, där användningen av IT ökar inom både den offentliga och privata sektorn. Företag inom IT branschen expanderar i en starkt föränderlig bransch. En rad olika faktorer har varit grunden till Sveriges position som IT-nation, bland annat en ingenjörs- och innovationstradition över en lång tid, även faktorer som den utbreda användningen av IT i samhället och en snabbhet att implementera nya innovationer. IT-branschen i Sverige utgör 4 % av de sysselsatta i Sverige där omsättning, såväl som antalet anställda, faktiskt ökat även under konjunktursvackor. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om svenska nyhetsmedier i större utsträckning publicerat nyheter om Apple än om deras konkurrenter på smartphone marknaden. For att lättare kunna genomföra studien ska dessa frågeställningar besvaras: Hur har Apple lyckats bygga upp en hajp kring sitt varumärke i Sverige? Har Apple exponerats mer i svenska nyhetsmedier än konkurrenterna på smartphone marknaden? På vilket sätt påverkar svensk nyhetsmedia bilden av Apple? De teorier som används i studien är innovationsteorin, dagordningsteorin samt konsumentbeteendeteorin. Inledningsvis sker en fallstudie där det via sökmotorn på DN och SvD nätupplagor har summerats ihop antalet ordträffar på utvalda ord. Baserat på resultaten av ordanalys utvecklas en semistrukturerad telefonintervju som genomförs med DN. Parallellt sker en semistrukturerad intervju med en anställd på en reklambyrå inriktat mot hur specifikt Apple har gått tillväga för att skapa hajp. Utifrån vår undersökning och analys kom vi fram till att svenska nyhetsmedier inte styrs av bakomliggande faktorer när de offentliggör nyheter om företag. Publiceringar sker baserat på deras uppfattning om hur det allmänintresset ser ut hos läsarna. Apple är väldigt selektiva med att släppa ut information gällande företaget och runt deras produkter, detta resulterar i ett intresse från pressen att först publicera information från Apple, motiverat utifrån ett allmänintresse i samhället.

Cette recherche expérimentale vise à étudier l’impact, à la fois, indépendant et interactif de deux types de modelage et de trois styles d’orientation des buts sur une série de résultantes (cognitives, affectives et comportementales) liées à l’expérience d’apprentissage. 275 participants à un programme de formation corporatif ont pris part à cette étude. Répartis aléatoirement dans deux conditions distinctes, les participants furent exposés soit à un modelage positif, soit à un modelage mixte. Les styles d’orientation des buts (maîtrise des apprentissages, performance, évitement) propres à chacun des participants ont été mesurés préalablement à l’expérimentation par l’entremise du Goal Orientation Scale développé VandeWalle (1997). Sur le plan cognitif, les résultats révèlent que les apprenants ayant une orientation d’évitement perçoivent comme étant plus utile le contenu de la formation, lorsqu’ils sont exposés à un modelage positif. Sur le plan affectif, les résultats révèlent que les apprenants ayant une orientation axée sur la performance ressentent un sentiment d’efficacité personnelle plus élevé suite à la formation lorsqu’ils sont exposés à un modelage positif. Sur le plan comportemental, les résultats indiquent que les apprenants ayant une orientation axée sur la maîtrise des apprentissages reproduisent plus fidèlement les comportements cibles sujets à la formation lorsqu’ils sont exposés à un modelage mixte. Les implications pratiques et théoriques pour les futures recherches utilisant le façonnement comportemental en contexte formatif sont discutées en guise de conclusion. / This experimental study investigates simultaneously the independent and interactive effect of two types of modeling and three goal orientations on a series of training outcomes (cognitive, affective, and behavioural). 275 trainees enrolled in a corporate training program have participated to this study. Trainees were randomly distributed in two different conditions showing either a positive or a mixed model display. Participant’s goal orientation (learning, proving, avoiding) were measured prior to experimentation using the Goal Orientation Scale developed by VandeWalle (1997). Regarding cognitive outcomes, results show that trainees who were avoidance oriented, perceived more positively the utility of the training content when exposed to a positive model display. Concerning affective outcomes, results show that trainees who were performance oriented, perceived a higher level of self-efficacy following training when exposed to a positive model display. In the case of behavior reproduction, results show that trainees, who were learning mastery oriented, were more likely to reproduce behaviours subjects to training better when exposed to a mixed model display. Theoretical and practical implications for future behavior modeling training research are discussed.