Anyone who has gazed at a cloud free sky during daytime certainly havenoticed that the colour of the sky is blue. A careful observer may also havenoticed that the sky can look darker or lighter blue. The actual reasonsbehind this nature phenomena were not resolved until the second half ofthe 19th century but the variation of blue was already investigated duringthe time of Enlightenment by the Genovan scientist, aristocrat and mountainexplorer Horace Benedict de Saussure (1740{1799). De Saussure wasa scientist of his time and he measured many natural constants. When deSaussure climbed the Alp mountains he noticed that the sky turned darkerwith a more intense blue, at higher altitudes. To get a relative measure onhow blue the sky was, de Saussure invented a device he called cyanometer.It is a colour chart containing dierent hues of blue, starting with very lightblue, ranging all the way to dark blue. With this simple device de Saussurecould get a recordable measurement on how blue the sky was at the timefor the observation.This thesis deals with the cyanometer as a scientic instrument. It is ofinterest to investigate the cyanometer from a history of ideas perspective,so that this scientic instrument can be put in a visual culture context.Moreover, an investigation of how de Saussure developed the instrumentcan also show his thinking for the modications of it that he made. Further,the visual culture ideas can be applied on the main article de Saussure wroteabout the cyanometer in 1789.During the period when de Saussure was an active mountain explorer,he made several cyanometers which all varied in layout and the number ofblue colour sections included. In this thesis an analyse of the four dierentoriginal cyanometers that de Saussure made will be done. This analysis includesa quantitative comparison between the versions and a discussion onhow the instrument was made and operated. In order to trace a biographicalviewpoint on the cyanometer the thesis will also discuss how de Saussure'sidea, to measure the blueness of the sky, developed after his lifetime.

Det har skett stora förändringar inom kulturarvsfältet under senare tid, immateriella världsarvs, har öppnar upp för nya områden att utforska i termer av kulturarv. Idrotten och i synnerhet supporterkulturen har aldrig betraktats som en del av kulturarvsfältet. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka om vi kan se fenomenet supporterkultur som ett kulturarv och hur det i så fall uttrycks. Ser supportrarna på sig själva som en del av kulturarvet och finns det skillnader mellan supportrar från olika lag och idrotter? Hur kan vi jämföra supporterkulturens kulturarv med nationens, som en form av föreställd gemenskap? Källmaterialet består i den första delen av webbplatserna och souvenirshopar till de tre klubbarna Djurgårdens IF, Edsbyns IF och Leksands IF och deras supportrars. Den andra delens källmaterial består av ett online-frågeformulär som supportrar svarade på. Metoden för att analysera materialet består av en innehållsanalys och diskursanalys. Svaren kommer vidare att diskuteras utefter teorin om föreställd gemenskap från Benedict Anderson och orientalism från Edward Said. Undersökningen visar på att fler av de uttryck som används inom supporterkulturen kan förstås i termer av kulturarv

Diploma thesis "Prayer in St. Benedict's monastic rule and interreligious dialogue" is focused on the St. Benedict prayer presentation and its importance in the interreligious dialogue. The prayer should be considered as an essential parts of each Christian religious life. Christian life represented and described by St. Benedict, is the life of prayer. Benedict monastic rule has application, however, thanks to the generally applicable principles outside the monastery and should be suitable part of the spiritual experience of every Christian. The main goal of this thesis it to show the importance of real prayer and way of life in prayer for interreligious dialogue by Benedictine monks in the time of Bede Griffiths, Thomas Merton, John Main and Laurence Freeman, representing experience regarding interreligious dialogue with Hindu and Buddhist monks about the contemplation, prayer and different religious traditions. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Trilogy Jesus of Nazareth, Pope Benedict XVI from the perspective of fundamental theology In this thesis, the author aims to finding interesting topics in the trilogy, Jesus of Nazareth of Pope Benedict XVI and their contribution to fundamental theology. The author takes into account the other sources from theological work of Joseph Ratzinger and his production as Supreme Pontiff Benedict XVI. Work represents the view of Joseph Ratzinger on the use of empirical methods, particularly the historical-critical method in the study of the Scripture, the historical credibility of the Gospel of John and his authorship and the internal process of the text in Church. The thesis also discusses the benefits of the Gospel of John for internal knowledge of Jesus Christ and draws conclusions from the empirical reductionism for understanding Jesus' divinity. The author then discusses the topic of truth and love as the possibility of recognizing their source in God. Marginally mentions the role of the Virgin Mary and her helping to the study of Scripture and deepen relations between Christians and Christ.

Trilogy Jesus of Nazareth, Pope Benedict XVI from the perspective of fundamental theology In this thesis, the author aims to finding interesting topics in the trilogy, Jesus of Nazareth of Pope Benedict XVI and their contribution to fundamental theology. The author takes into account the other sources from theological work of Joseph Ratzinger and his production as Supreme Pontiff Benedict XVI. Work represents the view of Joseph Ratzinger on the use of empirical methods, particularly the historical-critical method in the study of the Scripture, the historical credibility of the Gospel of John and his authorship and the internal process of the text in Church. The thesis also discusses the benefits of the Gospel of John for internal knowledge of Jesus Christ and draws conclusions from the empirical reductionism for understanding Jesus' divinity. The author then discusses the topic of truth and love as the possibility of recognizing their source in God. Marginally mentions the role of the Virgin Mary and her helping to the study of Scripture and deepen relations between Christians and Christ.

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A dynamic interpretation of the Prayer of St. Benedict provides a methodology for understanding and explicating Christian faith consistent with enduring elements in the theological tradition and meaningful to the contemporary milieu. Within the overarching structure of the Prayer as a meta-paradigm, are three subsidiary paradigms that describe characteristics of approaches to faith. The structure, content, and intention of the Prayer reveal these to be experiential, critical, and transcendental. Wisdom is asserted as integrating and orienting the discussion, which is a constructed on a Personalist foundation and is a postcritical reflection on faith. Faith is grounded in the affirmations and assumptions of faith, discerned in the enfolding appeals, and the supplications, a basis for an expository discourse on the dimensions of faith. / Systematic Theology & Theological Ethics / M. Th. (Systematic Theology)

This study offers an ecumenical exploration of human transformation through the examination of this topic in the thought of Karl Barth (1888-1968), a Swiss Reformed theologian; Joseph Ratzinger (b. 1927), a Roman Catholic theologian; and John Zizioulas (b. 1931), a Greek Orthodox theologian. Describing and understanding human transformation stands as a crucial task for theology because no one is simply born a Christian—in order to be a Christian one must become a Christian. The first chapter introduces this topic, the three theologians (highlighting their commonalities), and the three questions that guide the analysis of each theologian and the thesis as a whole: What is the goal of human transformation? What is the basis of human transformation? How are humans transformed? Chapters 2, 3, and 4 treat the topic of human transformation in the theology of Barth, Ratzinger, and Zizioulas, respectively. All three understand the goal of human transformation to be the prayer of the children of God, and locate its basis in God’s reconciling act in Jesus Christ—an act itself based in the primordial divine decision to be God pro nobis. Even within this broad agreement, however, differences are evident, especially with regard to eschatology. Consideration of how this transformation occurs reveals significant differences concerning the agency of Jesus Christ in relation to the Holy Spirit and the church. The final chapter explores 1) the convergences and divergences between Barth, Ratzinger, and Zizioulas regarding human transformation; 2) the contributions of this study to the interpretation of Barth, Ratzinger, and Zizioulas; and 3) the relationship between human transformation and participation in God. Throughout, attention is given to the relationship between Jesus Christ, the Holy Spirit, the church, the eschaton, and the triunity of God and human transformation. All three accounts of human transformation point beyond the transition between sinful and redeemed humanity to a dynamic anthropology in which the constant asking, receiving, thanking, and asking again is the very “ontological location” of the eschatological life of humanity: our being is in becoming.

Ce mémoire examine la trajectoire d'un débat conceptuel ayant marqué le champ des théories du nationalisme. Il s'agit de l'affrontement intellectuel portant sur le problème de l'articulation du racisme et du nationalisme. Dans cette recherche, six contributions majeures de théoriciens du nationalisme seront à l'étude. Il s'agit d'écrits de : Tom Nairn, Anthony Smith, Benedict Anderson, Paul Gilroy, Étienne Balibar et Edward Said. À travers une analyse historique, nous verrons comment chacune de ces interventions modifie ou réaffirme les conventions qui régissent le débat. Cette étude montre l'existence de trois moments, définis par un traitement similaire du problème de la relation du racisme au nationalisme. Ces ressemblances concernent avant tout les préoccupations et les questionnements au fondement des réflexions. Dans un premier temps, à la fin des années 1970 et au début des années 1980, malgré certains différends, la démarche des théoriciens du nationalisme comporte d'importantes similitudes. Ils s'intéressent au racisme et au nationalisme d'une façon globale, puis ils recherchent avant tout l'origine historique de ces phénomènes. Lors d'un second moment, à la fin des années 1980, les contributeurs au débat se penchent sur les représentations sociales constitutives du nationalisme et du racisme, puis ils examinent la formation des frontières symboliques de la nation. En troisième lieu, au cours des années 1990, l'expérience historique de l'impérialisme devient centrale pour la compréhension du lien entre le racisme et le nationalisme, notamment en ce qui concerne leur forme contemporaine. ______________________________________________________________________________

A dynamic interpretation of the Prayer of St. Benedict provides a methodology for understanding and explicating Christian faith consistent with enduring elements in the theological tradition and meaningful to the contemporary milieu. Within the overarching structure of the Prayer as a meta-paradigm, are three subsidiary paradigms that describe characteristics of approaches to faith. The structure, content, and intention of the Prayer reveal these to be experiential, critical, and transcendental. Wisdom is asserted as integrating and orienting the discussion, which is a constructed on a Personalist foundation and is a postcritical reflection on faith. Faith is grounded in the affirmations and assumptions of faith, discerned in the enfolding appeals, and the supplications, a basis for an expository discourse on the dimensions of faith. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Systematic Theology)