Zur Messung von Spannung, Strom und Leistung, die von einem Solarmodul an einen veränderlichen Verbraucher abgegeben werden können, wird eine Schaltung beschrieben, die auf dem integrierten Analogmultiplizierer RC4200 aufbaut. Das entwickelte Mess-System beinhaltet neben der Stromversorgung und den Anzeigeelementen außerdem ein Solarmodul, das aus kleinen Einzelzellen auf einer Leiterplatte aufgebaut wurde.

Zur Messung von Spannung, Strom und Leistung, die von einem Solarmodul an einen veränderlichen Verbraucher abgegeben werden können, wird eine Schaltung beschrieben, die auf dem integrierten Analogmultiplizierer RC4200 aufbaut. Das entwickelte Mess-System beinhaltet neben der Stromversorgung und den Anzeigeelementen außerdem ein Solarmodul, das aus kleinen Einzelzellen auf einer Leiterplatte aufgebaut wurde.

Die Dissertation hat die wissenschaftliche Zielsetzung, zu einer möglichst fundierten Aussage darüber zu gelangen, ob und inwieweit dem Hochschulsport die Befähigung zugesprochen werden kann, in seinen Tätigkeitsbereichen berufsqualifizierende Bildungsprozesse für engagierte Studierende zu generieren, welche sich mit den veränderten Anforderungen an den universitären Kompetenzerwerb decken. Der Lösungsansatz, der dabei hinterfragt werden soll, steht im Zusammenhang mit einem veränderten Bildungsbegriff bzw. -bewusstsein und den damit verbundenen Chancen des Systems Hochschulsport, sich durch eine fundierte Analyse der eigenen Ressourcen über seine Rolle als sportbezogener Dienstleister hinweg auch als bildende Instanz neu im Hochschulbereich zu positionieren. Die methodische Vorgehensweise dieser Arbeit orientiert sich grundsätzlich an den gängigen wissenschaftlichen Standards zur Untersuchung eines Forschungsanliegens im sozialwissenschaftlichen Kontext. Die beiden großen inhaltlichen Blöcke, die den Aufbau dieser Arbeit charakterisieren, sind eine hermeneutische Einbettung und Reflexion des Themas in Form einer ausdifferenzierten Literaturanalyse, sowie ein empirischer Teil, in dem eine eigenständige Datenerhebung und -auswertung am betroffenen Personenkreis stattfindet. In einem abschließen Fazit werden die aus dieser Arbeit hervorgegangenen Daten, Ideen und Handlungsansätze im übergreifenden Gesamtkontext bewertet und in ihrer Signifikanz für weitere zukünftige Entwicklungen reflektiert. Dabei wird auch auf die Einschränkungen dieser Studie und den weiteren Forschungsbedarf eingegangen.

In the course of my degree studies it became apparent that there was little historical evidence of British working-class women writers. This led me to the question whether such women actually wrote or whether it was the case that their writing was not deemed good enough for publication. (Merelyn Cherry 75) In her essay entitled Towards a Recognition of Working-Class Women Writers, Cherry discusses the omission of these writers in literary studies. She concludes that their (supposed) underrepresentation is not a matter of publication, but is due to the fact that these authors are largely ignored by Western academics (cf. 115-118). In fact, there is sufficient evidence of women writing about the working classes. Relevant examinations of the British working-class novel that include female authors are Mary Ashraf’s Introduction To Working-Class Literature in Great Britain (1978), Gustav Klaus’ The Socialist Novel in Britain (1982), Pamela Fox’s Class Fictions (1994), Merylyn Cherry’s Towards a Recognition of Working-Class Women Writers (1994) and some excerpts from Ian Haywood’s From Chartism to Trainspotting (1998). Merylyn Cherry lists some of the writers whose works will be discussed in my thesis; however, she does not specify what is to be understood by “British working-class women writers”. Various questions arise at this point. What are the distinctive features of a contemporary working-class novel written by a woman author? Which narrative strategies are employed to create the literary working-class world of female characters? What type of work is performed by such characters? The difficulty in finding answers to these questions lies in the attempt to determine a typology of such novels. The text corpus of working-class fiction is clearly male-dominated, both in terms of male authorship and the depiction of working-men characters and their living environments in the novels. Women authors, who frequently produce(d) female counterparts to the working-men characters, have fallen into oblivion even within working-class studies. Ian Haywood, for instance, ignores three significant Welsh women writers of this category, even though his anthology entitled Working-Class Fiction, From Chartism to Trainspotting (1998) focuses on British writers. Uncovering these female writers and demonstrating the development of their fiction will be part of this thesis. Each traceable narrative of the kind shall be mentioned in chronological order. This is the first step to grasp the essence of these texts. It will become clear that a contemporary woman’s working-class novel emerged out of a “patchwork” of various writing traditions; and that the typology which I endeavor to establish does not cover the matter of common characterisations in this text corpus. None of the characters in my anthology can be labelled a “prototype”, since the characterisations vary greatly across the novels. In a second step, I will analyse twelve novels written between 1974 and 2008, which I will approach thematically. This way, I can converge a typology more closely. The three main topics which frequently appear across the novels are women’s class-consciousness, the mother-daughter relationship, and trauma caused by battering and sexual abuse. Hereby, I raise no claim to completeness. I have chosen twelve texts which I consider to be representative; and I will precede like the literary critic Gustav Klaus, who argued in his anthology entitled The Socialist Novel in Britain: “I have chosen to introduce many writers, limiting myself, however, to the discussion of one work each. This approach can best disclose the breadth and variety of fictional devices” (Klaus 1). I have chosen 1974 as a starting point of my analyses, since this is the publication year of Buchi Emecheta’s vanguard novel Second-Class Citizen. Being the first post-colonial woman author to write a novel about domestic violence against a Black and female working-class character, she may be considered a pioneer writer. Particularly against the background that the text was written during the years of second-wave feminism, which was “spearheaded by white middle-class women” (Louis Weis 246), the novel is a groundbreaking piece of working-class aesthetics. With this introduction of post-colonial women’s writings to the British literary scene in the early 1970s, representations of women’s lower-class life became enriched by a different writing tradition. New narrative forms and voices and various culturally determined characterisations were introduced to the literary scene. Out of this body of writing emerged a considerable phenomenon. In addition to the fact that they are also (like the “White” British texts) written from a “perspective of poverty”, a principle of postcolonial theory manifests itself in these texts: Frantz Fanon’s concept of the “schizophrenia of identity”. This “schizophrenia”, enacted via the powerful imposition of the dominant culture’s values onto the colonised subject, can also be detected as an underlying theme in the British working-class novels under discussion. The three main common topics which appear across the twelve novels to be analysed illustrate that this “schizophrenia” –a form of division– is a central textual element in most narratives under discussion. The female working-class character becomes a split subject at various levels. This division is, for instance, also caused by the male gaze and the violation of the female body, the character’s upward mobility and the consequent clash of working-class background and the “newly acquired” middle-class identity. It shall also be illustrated how this mechanism of splitting apart influences not only the themes, but also the stylistic devices employed in this body of writing. The idea of a division within female working-class characters has –tentatively– been raised by the literary critic Pamela Fox. In her book entitled Class Fictions she demonstrates how the white women characters are torn between the shame about their working-class background and the resistance to adjust to the cultural codes of the middle and upper classes. I will elucidate the concept of “division” and illustrate why it functions as an effective reading strategy to analyse the fictional texts. By deepening the idea of the split female subject against the background of gender, class and ethnicity, I endeavour to develop a contemporary approach to understanding these texts and to hereby draw closest to a typology of the novels. With the assistance of postcolonial critics and feminists such as Gayatri Spivak, bell hooks, Homi Bhabha and Frantz Fanon, I will repeatedly demonstrate how “class” intersects with the concepts of gender and ethnicity. Also, it shall be discussed if and how the idea of schizophrenia can perhaps be understood as a continuation of the most essential division in the context of working-class life: the division of labour. Works Cited Cherry, Merylyn. “Towards a Recognition of Working-Class Women Writers.” Writing on The Line. 20th Century Working-Class Writers. Eds. Sarah Richardson et al. London: Working Press, 1996. 75-119. Klaus, Gustav. The Socialist Novel in Britain: Towards the Recovery of a Tradition. Brighton: Harvester Press; New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1982. Weis, Lois et al. “I’ve Slept in Clothes Long Enough. Excavating the Sounds of Domestic Violence among Women in the White Working-Class.” Domestic Violence at the Margins. Readings on Gender, Class and Culture. Eds. Sokoloff, Natalie & Christina Pratt. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 2005. 227-248.

This research focuses on the perception of the learning support teacher regarding the use of play therapy with learners with special educational needs. The purpose of the research was to determine the perception of learning support educators regarding the utilization of play therapy as an aid with foundation phase learners with special educational needs. In order to achieve this purpose, information was gathered and a theoretical framework drawn up through an extensive literature study in consultation with experts. An empirical study was conducted by means of in-depth interviews with ten different learning support educators, in order to obtain empirical information. The researcher worked from an applied research perspective to attempt to use this newly gained practical information to determine whether play therapy could be utilized to help the learner with special educational needs. The researcher made use of an exploratory research design and the following research question formed the basis of the study: What is the perception of the learning support educator regarding the value of using play therapy as a form of aid with the foundation phase learner having special educational needs? Flowing from the empirical information gleaned during the interview schedule the following points emerged: · Learning support educators identify emotional, social, behavioural, family and academic problems, as well as other forms of trauma, associated with the learner who has special educational needs; · The learning support educator regards it as his or her task to refer problems connected to the learner and the learner’s family, where such problems are outside of his or her field of expertise. · The learning support educator has both positive and negative perceptions, as well as misconceptions regarding play therapy; and · The learning support educator has a need for a working relationship with the play therapist in the assistance of the learner with special educational needs. The research has therefore shown that the learning support educator has a positive perception regarding the utilization of play therapy with the foundation phase learner with special educational needs. / Dissertation (MSD (Play Therapy))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

In the history of the Reformed Churches of South Africa (RCSA) great emphisis was placed on the notion to make decisions on the basis, and in accordance to the Scriptures. In spite of this notion, the church community of the RCSA stand in the midst of great tension regarding some decisions. In the fifty year period from the centenary festival in 1959 to the 150 year festival in 2009, assemblies of the church community were confronted with many objections to decisions regarding racial relations, the acceptance of the 1983-translation of the Bible in Afrikaans, the acceptance of the 2001-Psalter, the use of small cups in the Holy Communion and the role of women in the offices of deacon, elder and minister. The question that’s being addressed in this study is, if a shift in the RCSA’s view of Scripture took place. Chapter 2 gives an historical overview of the decisions that gave way to to the differences mentioned above. From the historical overview the aspects regarding the view of Scripture can be formulated. In chapter 3 the relation between the differences and the view of Scripture are examined. At first a short definition of the reformed view of Scripture are formulated. Hermeneutical and view of Scripture aspects of the raports of deputies and decisions of assemblies are tested according to the formulated definition of a reformed view of Scripture. Chapter 4 examines the influence that paradigm shifts had on the differences in the RCSA. Focus is placed on the influence of postmodernism on the one hand and fundamentalism on the other. Attention is also given to the stance of the RCSA on these two paradigms of thought with relation to the view of Scripture. In light of the reformed view of Scripture the postmodern approach to hermeneutics is discarded as well as the the fundamentalist view of Scripture. In spite of the reality of paradigmshifts, the raports of deputies and the decisions of assemblies does not reflect this reality. Chapter 5 tries to point a way out to handle the differences in the ligt of the Reformed view of Scripture. Focus is placed on the place the sociohistorical context holds in the revelationhistorical exegetical process. The chapter further investigates the relation between desicions on Scriptural grounds and the right to protest according to artical 31 of the Reformed Chrurchorder. Attention in given to so called ordinary cases ans essential cases. The notion that differences can be solved when dessicions is based on Scripture alone is put forward in this chapter. / Thesis (M.Th. (Church and Dogma History))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011

In the history of the Reformed Churches of South Africa (RCSA) great emphisis was placed on the notion to make decisions on the basis, and in accordance to the Scriptures. In spite of this notion, the church community of the RCSA stand in the midst of great tension regarding some decisions. In the fifty year period from the centenary festival in 1959 to the 150 year festival in 2009, assemblies of the church community were confronted with many objections to decisions regarding racial relations, the acceptance of the 1983-translation of the Bible in Afrikaans, the acceptance of the 2001-Psalter, the use of small cups in the Holy Communion and the role of women in the offices of deacon, elder and minister. The question that’s being addressed in this study is, if a shift in the RCSA’s view of Scripture took place. Chapter 2 gives an historical overview of the decisions that gave way to to the differences mentioned above. From the historical overview the aspects regarding the view of Scripture can be formulated. In chapter 3 the relation between the differences and the view of Scripture are examined. At first a short definition of the reformed view of Scripture are formulated. Hermeneutical and view of Scripture aspects of the raports of deputies and decisions of assemblies are tested according to the formulated definition of a reformed view of Scripture. Chapter 4 examines the influence that paradigm shifts had on the differences in the RCSA. Focus is placed on the influence of postmodernism on the one hand and fundamentalism on the other. Attention is also given to the stance of the RCSA on these two paradigms of thought with relation to the view of Scripture. In light of the reformed view of Scripture the postmodern approach to hermeneutics is discarded as well as the the fundamentalist view of Scripture. In spite of the reality of paradigmshifts, the raports of deputies and the decisions of assemblies does not reflect this reality. Chapter 5 tries to point a way out to handle the differences in the ligt of the Reformed view of Scripture. Focus is placed on the place the sociohistorical context holds in the revelationhistorical exegetical process. The chapter further investigates the relation between desicions on Scriptural grounds and the right to protest according to artical 31 of the Reformed Chrurchorder. Attention in given to so called ordinary cases ans essential cases. The notion that differences can be solved when dessicions is based on Scripture alone is put forward in this chapter. / Thesis (M.Th. (Church and Dogma History))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011

Infolge der verschiedenen besonderen Effekte von asynchronen Linearmotoren wurde bei Modellierung dieser Motoren die meiste Aufmerksamkeit dem Aufbau von anspruchsvollen Feldmodellen zur Beschreibung ihrer physikalischen Vorgänge geschenkt. Auf die Umwandlung des anspruchsvollen Feldmodells auf ein ingenieurfreundliches Ersatzschaltbild wird aber nicht vertieft eingegangen, insbesondere wenn die unsymmetrischen Wicklungen der Linearmotoren mit berücksichtigt werden. Dies ist ein Grund dafür, dass die asynchronen Linearmotoren nicht weit verbreitet sind, auch wenn sie über ein großes Wachstumspotenzial im Linearantriebsmarkt verfügen. In den ersten Jahren des neuen Jahrhunderts sind Motoren mit konzentrierten Wicklungen dank ihrer hoch automatisierten Wickelverfahren zunehmend auf dem Markt vertreten. Bei der Modellierung der asynchronen Linearmotoren mit diesen Wicklungen muss man deshalb den damit verbundenen relativ hohen Gehalt an harmonischen Feldern berücksichtigen. Aus diesen Gründen wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit eine praktische Methodik zur Modellierung der asynchronen Linearmotoren entwickelt, wobei die Umwandlung des Feldmodells auf ein Ersatzschaltbild eine eingehende Behandlung findet. Die entwickelte Methodik kann nicht nur von den unsymmetrischen Wicklungen der Linearmotoren sondern auch von dem relativ hohen Gehalt an harmonischen Feldern bei Ausführung der Statorwicklung in konzentrierten Wicklungen handeln. In der Methodik wird ein Begriff des Leiterbelages aus dem klassischen Begriff des Strombelages abgeleitet und seine theoretischen Grundlagen entwickelt. Während der Strombelag nur den Stromeinprägungszustand elektrischer Maschinen beschreibt, kann der Leiterbelag die wesentlichen Eigenschaften der Wicklungen elektrischer Maschinen beschreiben. Damit können die Berechnung der Selbst- und Gegeninduktionsimpedanzen der Wicklungen und die Umwandlung des Feldmodells auf das Ersatzschaltbild systematisiert werden, insbesondere wenn es sich um die unsymmetrischen Wicklungen handelt. Bei symmetrischen Wicklungen ist nur ein symmetrisches Ersatzschaltbild zur Strom- und Kraftberechnung der Linearmotoren notwendig. Bei unsymmetrischen Wicklungen muss man aber ein unsymmetrisches Ersatzschaltbild für die Stromberechnung aufbauen, während für die Kraftberechnung jeweils ein symmetrisches Ersatzschaltbild für das Mit- und Gegenstromsystem verwendet werden. Zur messtechnischen Bestätigung von den in dieser Arbeit entwickelten Ersatzschaltbildern werden ein Linearmotor mit verteilten Wicklungen und ein Linearmotor mit konzentrierten Wicklungen eingesetzt. Dabei werden die Statoren in unterschiedlichen Luftspaltlängen ausgeführt und die Läufer mit unterschiedlichen Materialien und Dicken verwendet. Insbesondere werden die Linearmotoren mit konzentrierten Wicklungen in unterschiedlichen Polpaarzahlen ausgeführt und mit Spannungssystemen von verschiedenen Frequenzen versorgt.

Die Elbkarawane ist das Projekt der Dresdner Sinfoniker für den Dresdner Kultursommer 2021. Die Dresdner Sinfoniker sind bekannt dafür, ihr Publikum immer wieder mit ungewöhnlichen Ideen zu überraschen: Während sie im September 2020 auf Hochhäusern in Prohlis konzertierten, wird heute, am 4. September 2021, die Elbe zu ihrer Bühne. In kleinen Gruppen stechen die Musiker*innen in Dresden-Pillnitz „in See“, auf ihrem Weg in die Dresdner Innenstadt treffen sie ihr Publikum an Anlegestellen und Elb-Stränden und geben kleine Konzerte. Wer mag, kann dieser Karawane auf dem Fahrrad oder im eigenen Boot folgen, sie mit Applaus unterstützen und musikalische Entdeckungen machen. In der Dresdner Altstadt angekommen, nimmt ein riesiger, zum Konzertpodium umgebauter Arbeitsponton alle Musiker*innen auf. Den Konzertgästen, die sich zeitgleich am Königsufer auf der Elbwiese weitläufg verteilt haben, bietet sich jetzt eine grandiose Szenerie: Hinter dem Orchester auf seiner schwimmenden Bühne ragt nicht nur die eindrucksvolle Dresdner Altstadt auf. Speziell für den ersten Programmpunkt des Konzerts haben sich fünf historische Dampfschife in Position gebracht. Mit der Elbkarawane wollen die Dresdner Sinfoniker in diesem von der Pandemie geprägten Jahr auf ihr Publikum zugehen. So intensiv wie bei wenigen Projekten zuvor. Die Langsamkeit der Annäherung an den eigentlichen Konzertort lässt spontane Begegnungen und genaues musikalisches Hinhören zu. Das abschließende Konzert hingegen verbindet die Menschen in einem gemeinsamen musikalischen Erlebnis, das in Erinnerung bleibt.

Musik, die hunderte Menschen zusammenbringt? Mitten in der Pandemie? Ausgeschlossen! Tatsächlich begegneten die Dresdner Sinfoniker den Herausforderungen der Corona-Zeit am 12. September 2020 mit einem bislang beispiellosen Konzert - verteilt auf den Dächern mehrerer Hochhäuser im Plattenbauviertel Dresden-Prohlis.