Class of 2016 Abstract / Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a correlation between diabetes control and beverage consumption. We hypothesize that diabetes control (as measured by A1C) is inversely related to consumption of sugary sweetened beverages (SSB) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This study will be a retrospective chart review evaluating the relationship between intake of sugary sweetened beverages and hemoglobin A1C values (HgA1C). Individuals will be eligible for inclusion in the study if they are current patients at El Rio Community Health Center with type 2 diabetes and were 18 years of age or older at the time of the study. Exclusion criteria are as follows: not seen by a clinical pharmacist for diabetes within the last year (Jan 2015 – Feb 2016), no beverage consumption information available in electronic chart and/or no A1C value listed in the patient’s profile. The anticipated study population will be comprised of 330 patients. The data will be analyzed using a t-test to determine the relationship between A1C and beverage consumption. Results: 150 patients were identified from the patient pool as meeting inclusion criteria. The mean fluid ounces of SSB consumption in the low SSB intake group and high SSB intake group were 7.2 (SD=2.441) and 30.269 (SD=21.197) respectively. The mean A1C in the low SSB intake group was 8.35 (SD=2.038) and in the high SSB intake group was 8.799 (SD=1.852). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean A1C in the low SSB intake group and the high SSB intake group (p=0.2451). Conclusions: The mean A1C between high SSB intake and low SSB intake appears similar.

Background: Training, travel, and competition can make an athlete's fluid needs different from the general population. As such, there is a need for an acceptable tool to determine the unique beverage intake habits of athletes. The BEVQ-15 is one such tool to determine beverage intake over time but has not yet been confirmed for accuracy in college athletes. Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the validity and reliability of the beverage questionnaire (BEVQ-15) for measuring fluid intake in collegiate NCAA athletes. Design: Athletes were recruited from two NCAA Division I universities. The individuals in this study (n=61) completed two short BEVQ-15 surveys plus three dietary recall interviews administered by trained diet technicians to compare the surveys against. The two surveys were administered at least three days apart and the 24-hour dietary recalls included two weekdays and one weekend day. Results: This study included 61 athletes at the conclusion. Comparing the BEVQ-15 to the 24-hour recall standard, Spearman's rho correlation tests found that 7 of the 15 categories are significant at P≤0.01 when comparing fluid ounces, while 5 of the 14 categories are significant at P≤0.01 when comparing kcal consumed. An additional 3 categories for both ounces and kcal consumed are significant at P≤0.05. With these findings, validity criteria are met. Fruit juice, sweetened fruit juice, low fat milk, diet soft drinks, sweetened tea or coffee, and hard liquor are not strongly correlated between testing methods in the collegiate athlete population. Pearson correlations demonstrated significant reliability comparing BEVQ-15 responses of test one and two for all but one category for ounces consumed and three for calories consumed at P≤0.01. The results of Bland-Altman suggested acceptable limits of agreement between the two measures. Follow up linear regression models indicated no proportional bias. Conclusions: The BEVQ-15 is a valid tool for the assessment of beverage intake in an NCAA Division I athlete population. As such, the BEVQ-15 may be a useful tool for assessing beverage intake and patterns in collegiate athletes. / MS / How hydrated an athlete is can play a major role in their physical performance and overall health1. Athletes may have unique fluid needs that depend, at least in part, on the timing, volume, and type of beverage consumed and the needs required by their training and competition specific to their given sport. Training, travel, and competition can make an athlete’s fluid needs different from the general population. As such there is a need for an acceptable tool to determine the beverage intake habits of athletes. This makes a short survey asking about drink consumption desirable for this population. The BEVQ-15 fits this description but has not yet been confirmed for accuracy in college athletes. Therefore the purpose of this study is to prove the accuracy of using drink survey (BEVQ-15) in measuring beverage intake in collegiate NCAA athletes. To do so, this study will look at results from 61 NCAA collegiate athletes recruited from Virginia Tech and Radford Universities. The participants completed two short BEVQ-15 surveys as well as three dietary recall interviews to compare the surveys against. The BEVQ-15 surveys were repeated on two occasions and found to be reliable. The beverage (and food) intake from the recalls was analyzed using dietary analysis software, compared to the data obtained by the BEVQ-15, and found to be a valid tool to assess beverage intake patterns among NCAA Division I collegiate athletes.

Gällande riktlinjer för preoperativ fasta beskriver att patienter med liten risk för aspiration kan inta fast föda fram till sex timmar och klara drycker fram till två timmar före start av anestesi. Studier har visat att många patienter fastar längre, vilket kan ha negativ inverkan både fysiologiskt och på välbefinnandet som till exempel dehydrering, törst, illamående, huvudvärk och nedsatt insulinkänslighet. Syftet med studien var att kartlägga och beskriva preoperativa fastetider, dryckintag samt förekomst av törst hos patienter planerade för elektiv kirurgi. Strukturerade intervjuer genomfördes under fem dagar med 50 patienter som rekryterades konsekutivt på två preoperativa avdelningar. Resultaten visade att majoriteten av patienterna instruerats att inta klara drycker fram till två timmar före start av anestesi. Fastetider hos patienter med strikt fasta varierade mellan 7,75 till 13,25 timmar (median 10 och dryckintag mellan 0,5 till 7,5 glas (medelvärde 3,14; standardavvikelse 1,98). Fastetider hos patienter med flytande fasta varierade mellan 0,75 till 11,25 timmar (median 3,5 och dryckintag mellan 1 till 9 glas (medelvärde 4,31; standardavvikelse 1,91). Av de 50 intervjuade patienterna uppgav 44 % att de upplevde törst. Studiens resultat visade på en stor variation i fastetider och dryckintag där de äldsta patienterna tenderade att fasta länge och inta små mängder dryck preoperativt. / Existing guidelines for preoperative fasting means that patients with a minimal risk of aspiration can take solid food until six hours, and clear drinks until two hours before start of anesthesia. Studies have shown that many patients are fasting longer, which may be detrimental both physiologically and on wellbeing, for example, dehydration, thirst, nausea, headache and reduced insulin sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to map and describe fasting times, beverage intake and the incidence of thirst preoperatively in patients who were undergoing elective surgery. Structured interviews were conducted over five days with 50 patients who were enrolled consecutively in two preoperative departments. The results showed that fasting times in patients with strict fasting ranged from 7.75 to 13.25 hours (MD 10) and beverage intake between 0.5 to 7.5 glasses (3.14 SD 1,98). Fasting times in patients with float fasting ranged from 0.75 to 11.25 hours (MD 3,5) and beverage intake between 1 to 9 glasses (4,31 SD 1,91). Of the 50 interviewed patients, 44 % said they experienced thirst. The results indicated a wide variation in preoperative fasting times and beverage intake, where the oldest patients tended to have long duration of fasting and intake of small amounts of beverage preoperatively. / <p>2010 felaktigt årtal titelsida</p>

Scientific explorations can lead to life changing discoveries or light the path for new discoveries as scientists continue to carry or pass on the torch of knowledge to current and future generations. This torch of knowledge radiates in many directions, as the path of discovery often demands a multidimensional perspective. This research explored the many aspects of metallic flavor in drinking water through applications of sensory science, medicine, health, and the environment. Humans interact with their environment through the five senses and are often exposed to contaminants through multiple routes; oral intake of trace metal contaminants through drinking water is a likely source. The biochemical mechanism by which humans are able to detect the flavor of strongly metallic agents such as iron has been previously elucidated, but little is known about population variability in the ability to sense metallic flavors. This research evaluated sensory thresholds and biochemical indicators of metallic flavor perception in healthy adults for ferrous iron in drinking water; 61 subjects aged 19 – 84 years, participated. The findings demonstrated an age-dependent sensitivity to iron indicating as people age they are less sensitive to metallic perception; impairment of olfactory functions is a contributing factor. Unlike in healthy adults, where human senses are often protective of overexposure to contaminants, and supportive of sensations of everyday life's pleasures, cancer patients often suffer from chemosensory dysfunctions. Metallic phantom taste is a commonly experienced sensation, yet very little studied aspect of this debilitating disorder. Impact of cancer therapy on chemosensory functions of patients with malignant brain tumors undergoing combined modality treatment (CMT) was explored. The results indicated that chemosensory dysfunctions of the patients can range from minimal to moderate impairment with maximum impairment developing during the 6-week CMT. Study of salivary constituents may provide clues on to the causes of chemosensory dysfunctions. On health aspects, implication of individual sensitivity to metallic flavor on beverage choices and overall water consumption was assessed in 33 healthy adults through self-reported beverage questionnaire. The results indicated that among the elderly reduced intake of drinking water coincided with reduced sensitivity to metallic flavor. The findings have important health implications in terms of hydration status and beverage choices. Finally, with environmental exposure relevance, preliminary findings on sensory properties of zerovalent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) indicated that oral exposure to nZVI may induce sensory properties different from that of ferrous iron, likely predictive of a diminished detection of metallic flavor by humans. Further research is warranted in this area. / Ph. D.

Achieving and maintaining maximal peak bone mass is critical to the prevention of osteoporosis. Adequate calcium intake during youth is a major aspect of proper bone mass development. Because of the importance of calcium, a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that estimates calcium intake of 10- to 18-year-old Asian, Hispanic, and white youth living in the western United States was developed. This new FFQ was shown to accurately and reliably estimate calcium intake of these youth. Accuracy among Hispanics, however, was low and requires further evaluation. A second study examined intake of calcium, milk, and non-milk beverages of Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children aged 10 to 11 years and 15 to 18 years living in Utah. Milk fat percentage and source of beverage procurement were considered. Studies assessing the intake of calcium, calcium-rich foods, and foods that may interfere with calcium intake of youth in the United States were reviewed.