The issue of using citation based indicators in the evaluation of science is widely discussed. Only recently did bibliometric indicators become one out of many means for the allocation of financial resources for scientific research at Swedish universities. The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the issue of using citations when evaluating science. The author studied the issue from the perspective of citers’ motives. Previous studies indicate differences in motivations for citing between separate research fields. The thesis will focus on the field of cardiology. A qualitative interview study with cardiology scientists is balanced against existing literature in the field of citers’ motives and evaluated in a theoretical framework based on normative and social constructivist theories. Results indicate multiple motives for citing. Normative reasons were generally more common but social constructivist motives were also observed. This outcome supports the notion that there exists no unifying citation theory. The use of citations within science evaluation is moderately supported, depending on the definition of the term science evaluation. The interview study implies that references are mainly chosen based on quality and relevance but instances of less preferable elements as persuasion, favouring national references and randomness of reference selection does also occur. This thesis is an incentive to continue studying citers’ motives in relation to citation oriented science evaluation within different fields of scholarship. A thorough quantitative study would either validate or question the use of citations within research evaluation on a more general level.

The main purpose of this bachelor thesis is to analyse the publication- and citation patterns of the articles concerning bibliometrics, informetrics, scientometrics, and webometrics which can be found on Web of Science, and give a brief description of how the definition of the four terms has developed. I have looked at how the number of published papers have developed over the years and to what extent they have been quoted by other researchers. I have also briefly adressed what other research fields are referring to articles published in the four areas. The material I looked at includes articles that can be found on Web of Science with one (or more) of the four terms as topic and are categorised under library- and information science starting with the first bibliometrics article which was published in 1969, and ending in 2013. The results show that the publications in all four fields are continuously increasing. For bibliometrics and scientometrics it shows a slow increase up until 2005, then increasing exponentially. Informetric seems to be a comparatively small topic and webometrics is increasing, but is still a relatively young topic which makes it hard to make any concrete conclusions Regarding the citations, it shows that citations for the bibliometrical articles have had a steady curve increasing up until 2005, and then decreasing, the informetric- and scientometrical articles have rather scattered results and the webometrics have decreasing results, which I deduce is based on the fact that it is a new field and citations do not appear until after a few years. Finally I recommend future research, based on the related research I have found.

Altmetrics is a relatively new metric system compared to traditional bibliometric methods. The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to conduct a cross-sectional study of the altmetric usage in Swedish university libraries and to see if and how they use altmetrics and how it can benefit the scholarly communication between academic librarians and scholars. The research questions are;• Do Swedish university libraries use altmetrics, and if so, how? • How do the librarians experience the attitude from the researchers, regarding their opinions about altmetrics? • How can altmetric tools be an aid in the scholarly communication and what is altmetrics advantages and disadvantages according to the librarians?A survey was sent out to all universities in Sweden and their main libraries. For theoretical framework the concepts Technologies of Control and Technologies of Narcissism together with the concept Cognitive Authority were used. The results show that altmetrics is a tool that the academic libraries are familiar with but few are actually using. The scholars and PhD students think that altmetrics is something than can be used for “fun”, to see their own impact but not for evaluating. The librarians see altmetric as a tool that is a complement to traditional citations and not something that will replace it. Altmetrics can show a broader and faster impact but the altmetric data is unreliable and more studies have to be done.

The aim of this thesis is to compare scholarly articles published in 2009–2019 that have used “information behavior” or “information practices” to denote the research, in order to gain a deeper understanding of how the two concepts have been used in the scientific literature. The research questions are: 1. What journals, countries and subject areas are the most prominent for each concept? 2. Which researchers constitute the research front of each concept? 3. What areas of interest can be distinguished within each concept? 4. What domain analytic similarities and differences can be seen between the two concepts? The study uses the bibliometric methods of author bibliographic coupling and co-occurrence analysis of author keywords, content analysis to determine subject areas and visualizations of networks using VOSviewer to examine the data. The results of the study indicate that information behavior is the dominating concept of the two. There are also indications of two separate research fronts in regard to researchers and their geographic locations. There is an overlap between the areas of interest of each concept. The general nature of the concepts, in addition to the different discourses that exist regarding them seems to be contributing factors to the confusion surrounding the definition, implication and use of each concept.

This paper aims to provide an overview of trends and research growth in the field of library and information science in Europe for the period 2000–2020. Current changes and trends were analyzed based on articles published in Web of Science. The research questions are: 1. How is the development of LIS research in Europe compared to the global research output? 2. Which countries have the highest cited articles in Europe compared to the countries with the most published articles? 3. Which keywords dominate LIS research during the period 2000-2020? To answer these questions, bibliometric methods are applied, such as citation analysis and co-word analysis. The results are reported using diagrams, tables and maps that have been created using VOSviewer. The result implies that Europe is a growing LIS research community and has reached a great development in the last twenty years. Europe’s output of global LIS research has increased significantly from 25 percent articles published between 2000 and 2004 to 36 percent between 2015 and 2019. The ranking among the most published countries is: Great Britain, Spain, and Germany. However, the countries that receive the highest citations are Great Britain (37 percent of the highly cited articles), the Netherlands (15 percent) and Germany (13 percent). The leading keywords in European research between 2000 and 2019 are: impact, science, information, and technology.

The aim of this thesis is to map current scientific articles regarding the subject of classification with the assistance of bibliometrics and domain analysis to create an understanding of the scientific domain.  The thesis uses the bibliometrical methods of bibliographic coupling and co-citation analysis and the theory behind them as well as general quantitative statistical analysis in combination with the theory of domain analysis. This thesis found that the authors and journals can be divided into different areas of interest that can be seen as having their own centers but lack a common center for classification research in its entirety. These subject areas are divided into: scientometrics, knowledge organization and computer science, of which several of the authors who have published the most articles can also be found in the intellectual base. Regarding trends we see that the authors in the intellectual base has had some stability without any major changes. The same can be remarked about the journals, where the number of areas of interest in comparison with the authors' division are more numerous. The biggest difference for journals is among the trends where in recent years there has been an increase in the number of articles published and the number of subject areas in which these articles can be sorted. Among the nearby research areas, we found that the greatest interest lies in computer science and social sciences and that medicine also has an interest in classification.

This paper aims to map and contrast the research front and theresearch base of Library and Information Science (LIS) inScandinavia during 1980-1989 and 2003-2013 from articlespublished in Web of Science.The research questions are:1. How is the research base and research front in LIS inScandinavia between 1980-1989 and 2003-2012 structured?2. What differences can be observed between the two time periods1980-1989 and 2003-2012 with regards to the research base?3. What differences can be observed between the two time periods1980-1989 and 2003-2012 with regards to the research front?This study is based on bibliometrical methods and uses authorco-citation analysis and bibliographic coupling. To interpret theresults a cluster analysis were made by using the applicationVosviewer. When the cluster analysis were made, a contentanalysis were done on the titles of publications from the clusteranalysis to determine what subject category they belonged to.The results indicates that the field of LIS has a large focus oninformation science, there were hardly any trace of the libraryaspect of the field. The study also showed that the bibliometricfield has grown since 1980-1989. It was also clear that hard andsoft information retrieval had grown apart. / Program: Bibliotekarie

The aim of this study was to map the intellectual base at the Swedish School of Library and Information Science (SSLIS) at the University Collage of Borås, and to compare this intellectual base to the intellectual base of the research area Library and Information Science. This was done by analysing the citations in publications published, between the year of 2001 to the first quarter of 2006, by researchers at the institution, using the technique of author cocitation analysis. Cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling, statistical techniques that are traditional i the author cocitation analysis, formed an objective map of the intellectual base at the SSLIS. This map was then compared with three prior studies, that used the same technique to map the intellectual base of the research area. The result shows that the map of the intellectual base at the SSLIS consists of the specialities: user studies, library studies, culture/cultural policy, information retrieval, bibliometrics and information in organisations. The comparison to the prior studies shows that the intellectual base at the SSLIS is somewhat different to the intellectual base of the research area. The main differences between the two intellectual bases are: culture/cultural policy and library studies are not represented in the intellectual base of the research area, bibliometrics is not as obvious in the intellectual base of SSLIS as in the intellectual base of the research area. / Uppsatsnivå: D

The purpose with this study is to map the research front and the research base in information science, by using the bibliometric methods bibliographic coupling and author-co citation analysis. The research questions are: 1. What is the nature of the research front in information science, regarding which areas that are being studied? 2. What is the nature of the research base in information science, regarding which authors who are most cited, and how they can be grouped? The data used in the study were gathered from articles published in the journal Journal of the American society for information science and technology, published between 2004-2006, respectively 1986-2006. The result was presented by using cluster analysis and MDS-maps. The study shows that the research front can be divided in to three areas: 1. Information searching and information retrieval from the World Wide Web. 2. Bibliometrics. 3. Information searching and information retrieval, not from the World Wide Web. The 50 most cited authors was identified, and could be grouped into three areas: 1. Bibliometrics, 2. General, 3. Hard-IR/Soft-IR. / Uppsatsnivå: D

The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the combination of bibliographic coupling and three hierarchical cluster analytic techniques: average, complete and single linkage. Bibliographic coupling is applied as a measure of similarity between recently published articles and the cluster techniques are used for the partition of a set of articles into subsets of articles with similar research focus. The field of information science is applied as the test arena and the selection of data, i.e., the article population to be partitioned, is based on a number of central journals. Methods of evaluation include both quantitative approaches as well as a qualitative one. For comparing the resulting partitions, adjusted Rand index is utilized and for the establishment of cluster coherence and isolation, measures of average normalized coupling strength is applied. In an effort to quantify the degree of subject focus within clusters, normalized entropy of a cluster’s distribution of weighted descriptors is calculated. Manual inspection of cluster composition is also performed. The findings show that choice of cluster method has a profound impact on the resulting partitions. Complete linkage generated highly subject coherent clusters but produced a fragmented picture of the research field in question, i.e., the split up of research specialties. Single linkage on the other hand, performed unsatisfactory and is not recommended. It is suggested that average linkage, when combined with a stopping rule (the inconsistency coefficient), should be considered as the method of choice since it mainly generated reasonable subject coherent clusters while avoiding severe fragmentation. / Uppsatsnivå: D