Cargo cycles can play a considerable role in mitigating the negative impacts of urban freight transport while still ensure that the material needs of the city are fulfilled. Their small size, lower operating costs, smaller carbon footprint, lack of tailpipe emissions, and manoeuvrability in congested areas are considerable advantages over traditional urban freight vehicles. However, the advantages of cargo cycles are not inherent in every urban environment and under all conditions. This problematics is in general insufficiently researched and more context specific knowledge is needed. Thus, this study investigates the obstacles and facilitating factors for utilising cargo cycles in urban freight transport in Stockholm, Sweden. To investigate these context specifications, case study approach was employed and consisted of qualitative content analysis, semi-structured interviews, and observations. This study argues that in Stockholm, contradictory forces affect the utilisation of cargo cycles in urban freight transport. On one hand, the facilitating factors are mostly associated with measures of sustainable urban freight transport and sustainable development in general: reaction to traffic situation; strategic orientation of the city; public-private partnership; and bicycle infrastructure. On the other hand, path dependence of the city connected to traditional urban freight vehicles (vans) symbolises obstacles: the absence of direct planning for cargo cycles; lack of recognition; and inconsistency of bicycle infrastructure.

As políticas públicas de transporte e infraestrutura voltadas para o modal cicloviário na cidade de São Paulo, especialmente entre os anos de 2013 e 2016, motivaram a implementação de inédita infraestrutura específica. A partir desse marco para a mobilidade por bicicleta, buscou-se identificar as motivações que levaram o poder público municipal a construir ciclovias e ciclofaixas, bem como demais equipamentos ligados ao uso da bicicleta. Através do levantamento do número de viagens realizado por ciclistas e demais dados estatísticos, considerou-se os possíveis benefícios do uso desse tipo de modal frente às particularidades da cidade. Os tipos de ciclistas e suas respectivas imagens frente à sociedade também são analisados e considerados como importantes personagens da cidade de São Paulo. Os dados levantados apontam um crescimento significativo no número de usuários a partir da criação de infraestrutura específica, além da reprodução de uma cidade desigual criada através de sua infraestrutura de mobilidade. As novas vias cicláveis construídas mantêm o padrão de privilegiar a região central em detrimento da periferia. / Public policies for transportation and infrastructure towards the cycling modal in the city of São Paulo, specially between the years 2013-2016, motivated the unprecedently implementation of certain infrastructure. Taking this mark for the cycling mobility as a starting point, it is the purpose of the present work to identify the motivations that led the Municipal Administration to building the bike paths and bike lanes, as well as the other implementations linked to the bike usage. Through the analysis of data related to the number of trips made by cyclists and other sources of statistic data, we considered the possible benefits of the usage of this modal type, taking into account the particularities of the city. The cyclist types and their specific images according to the society are also analysed and taken into account as important actors in the city of São Paulo. The relevant data demonstrate a significant increase in the number of users since the creation of the specific infrastructure, not to mention the reproduction of an unequal city, built from its commuting mobility. The new cycling lanes that were built keep the pattern of granting privilegie to the central area, opposed to the peripheral area of the city.

Sistemas de Bicicletas Compartilhadas (SBCs) têm sido implantados e aprimorados nos últimos anos nas principais cidades do mundo. Neste tipo de sistema, usuários podem retirar e devolver bicicletas em qualquer estação da rede, desde que haja bicicleta e vaga disponível, respectivamente. Porém, devido às características de ocupação do solo em grandes centros urbanos, existe uma tendência natural de desbalanceamento nos fluxos dos usuários, fazendo com que em determinados horários certas estações fiquem lotadas de bicicletas enquanto outras estações estão vazias. Para mitigar este problema, gestores de SBCs utilizam veículos de carga para rebalancear o sistema (reposicionar as bicicletas entre as estações). Entretanto, usualmente, esse processo na prática não é realizado com auxílio de ferramentas quantitativas que tornem o processo racional ou maximizem sua eficácia. Nesse sentido, no presente trabalho é proposto um modelo híbrido de simulação com otimização, aplicado ao rebalanceamento de um SBC brasileiro e com potencial para utilização em sistemas reais com o objetivo de melhorar seus níveis de serviço. Além disso, apresenta-se uma análise de dados e a caracterização de uso deste SBC, um histórico de evolução de SBCs ao redor do mundo e sua bibliografia pertinente, a fim de registrá-los na literatura e de se obter maior compreensão deste tipo de sistema. / Bike Sharing Systems (BSSs) have been implemented and enhanced in several major cities around the world, during the past few years. In such systems, users can take off a bike and return it at any network\'s station, provided that there is a bike and a dock available, respectively. However, these systems face an operational problem, caused by the fact that users\' flows are not balanced, bringing on that, at some point in time, some stations will be completely full while others will be empty. To tackle this issue, cargo vehicles are used by BSS\'s operators to rebalance the system (relocate bicycles through the stations). However, in most cases this process is not supported by quantitative tools that make the process rational or maximize its effectiveness. In this sense, this work proposes a hybrid model of simulation with optimization, applied to the rebalance of a Brazilian BSS and with potential for use in real systems with the aim of improving their service levels. In addition, is presented a data analysis and a usage study of this specific BSS, a BSSs evolutionary study and its relevant literature with the purpose of registering them in the literature and achieving a superior understanding of the problem.

This project explores the idea of implementing an electronic device that can melt away ice from frozen bike locks. It narrates the process of starting with no knowledge of how heating works and ending with a manufactured and soldered PCB with limited heating capability. Resistance heating and induction heating was studied in the initial phase of the project. Which proceeded into designing the complete schematic of the induction heater. A prototype was built which advanced further to the development of tools and ways to measure inductance, resonant frequency and temperature before the tests of the performance. When the performance tests were done the induction heater was optimized and later designed in eagle. A PCB circuit was ordered which later was soldered until completion.  The result was an induction heater in PCB form with limited functionality compared to the data of the prototype, due to faulty layout of the circuit. The performance of the end result was 20.02 degrees C to 33.20 degrees C in 11 minutes. The data from the prototype suggests that the induction heater can melt the ice from frozen bike locks since the performance was 21.96 degrees C to 62.02 degrees C in 4 minutes. Any rise in temperature over the boiling point of water 0 degrees C is good but tests in real winter conditions needs to be done to definitively confirm success. The mayor problem is whether a battery can provide with the required energy without getting to big or expensive. If the answer is yes then the induction heater of this project can be used regularly but the manufacturing costs would still be high.

Winnipeg is a spatially, culturally, psychologically and visually fragmented city, particularly due to the vehicular-oriented growth which has engendered segmented land-use, dismantled walkable networks and provoked disconnection between culture and nature as well as within nature itself. In particular, the displacement of daily life from the complex web of interrelationships in ecosystems, which are essentially the mechanisms supporting our existence, should be the primary concern of urban design. In order to resolve this critical issue, this practicum will isolate and examine a problematic site while deconstructing fragmentation into specific causes, namely pollution, habitat degradation, placelessness and lack of urban ecological education. Concluding that this condition is ultimately created by our own fragmented thinking, the production of pragmatic solutions which continually evoke further fragmentation, I present a series of solutions to these challenges in the form of a landscape architectural design proposal for the City of Winnipeg.

Winnipeg is a spatially, culturally, psychologically and visually fragmented city, particularly due to the vehicular-oriented growth which has engendered segmented land-use, dismantled walkable networks and provoked disconnection between culture and nature as well as within nature itself. In particular, the displacement of daily life from the complex web of interrelationships in ecosystems, which are essentially the mechanisms supporting our existence, should be the primary concern of urban design. In order to resolve this critical issue, this practicum will isolate and examine a problematic site while deconstructing fragmentation into specific causes, namely pollution, habitat degradation, placelessness and lack of urban ecological education. Concluding that this condition is ultimately created by our own fragmented thinking, the production of pragmatic solutions which continually evoke further fragmentation, I present a series of solutions to these challenges in the form of a landscape architectural design proposal for the City of Winnipeg.

No description available.

O tamanho dos conjuntos de dados se tornou um grande problema atualmente. À medida que o sensoriamento urbano ganha popularidade, os conjuntos de dados de natureza espacial e temporal se tornam ubíquos, e levantam uma série de questões relacionadas ao armazenamento e gerenciamento destes. Isso também cria uma mudança no paradigma de análise, uma vez que os conjuntos de dados que antes representavam uma única série de medições ordenadas no tempo, agora são compostos por centenas dessas séries, com uma taxa de amostragem que está aumentando constantemente. Além disso, uma vez que os dados urbanos normalmente apresentam disposição geográfica inerente, a maioria das das tarefas requerem o suporte de representações espaciais apropriadas. Este se torna outro problema, visto que as tecnologias de exibição de imagens não avançam na mesma velocidade das tecnologias de sensoriamento, de modo que consequentemente acaba-se tendo mais dados do que espaço visual para representa-los. Após conduzir uma pesquisa exaustiva a respeito de análise de dados temporais e visualização, nós melhoramos uma visualização compacta de series temporais para auxiliar a exploração de grandes conjuntos de dados espaçotemporais. Nossa proposta aproveita a compacticidade de tal representação para permitir o uso de um mapa para representar os atributos espaciais dos dados, de modo coordenado, enquanto representação, de forma compreensível, centenas de series simultaneamente, com total contexto temporal. Nós apresentamos nossa proposta como sendo capaz de auxiliar várias tarefas de caráter exploratório de forma intuitiva. Para defender essa afirmação, nós mostramos como essa ideia foi desenvolvida e melhorada ao longo do desenvolvimento de dois estudos de design visual em diferentes domínios de aplicação, e validamos com a implementação de protótipos que foram usados na análise exploratória de vários conjuntos de dados com 3 representações diferentes. Palavras- / The size of datasets became the major problem in data analysis today. As urban sensing becomes popular, datasets of spatial and temporal nature become ubiquitous, leading to several concerns regarding storage and management. It also creates a shift of paradigm in data analysis, as datasets that once represented a single series of measurements ordered in time are now composed of hundreds of series with ever increasing sampling rates. Also, as urban data usually presents inherent geographic disposition, most analysis tasks requires the support of proper spatial views. It becomes another problem, once that displaying technologies do not advance at the same of pace that sensing technologies do, and consequently, there is usually more data than visual space to represent it. After conducting exhaustive research on temporal data analysis and visualization, we improved a compact visual representation of time series to support the exploration of large spatio-temporal datasets. Our proposal exploits the compactness of such representation to allow the use of a map to represent the spatial properties of the data in a coordinate scheme while presenting, in a comprehensible manner, hundreds of series simultaneously, with full temporal context. We argue that such solution can effectively support many exploratory tasks in an intuitive manner. To support this claim, we show how the idea was conceived, and improved along the development of two design studies from different application domains, and validated by the implementation of prototypes used in the exploratory analysis of several datasets with 3 different data structures.

O tamanho dos conjuntos de dados se tornou um grande problema atualmente. À medida que o sensoriamento urbano ganha popularidade, os conjuntos de dados de natureza espacial e temporal se tornam ubíquos, e levantam uma série de questões relacionadas ao armazenamento e gerenciamento destes. Isso também cria uma mudança no paradigma de análise, uma vez que os conjuntos de dados que antes representavam uma única série de medições ordenadas no tempo, agora são compostos por centenas dessas séries, com uma taxa de amostragem que está aumentando constantemente. Além disso, uma vez que os dados urbanos normalmente apresentam disposição geográfica inerente, a maioria das das tarefas requerem o suporte de representações espaciais apropriadas. Este se torna outro problema, visto que as tecnologias de exibição de imagens não avançam na mesma velocidade das tecnologias de sensoriamento, de modo que consequentemente acaba-se tendo mais dados do que espaço visual para representa-los. Após conduzir uma pesquisa exaustiva a respeito de análise de dados temporais e visualização, nós melhoramos uma visualização compacta de series temporais para auxiliar a exploração de grandes conjuntos de dados espaçotemporais. Nossa proposta aproveita a compacticidade de tal representação para permitir o uso de um mapa para representar os atributos espaciais dos dados, de modo coordenado, enquanto representação, de forma compreensível, centenas de series simultaneamente, com total contexto temporal. Nós apresentamos nossa proposta como sendo capaz de auxiliar várias tarefas de caráter exploratório de forma intuitiva. Para defender essa afirmação, nós mostramos como essa ideia foi desenvolvida e melhorada ao longo do desenvolvimento de dois estudos de design visual em diferentes domínios de aplicação, e validamos com a implementação de protótipos que foram usados na análise exploratória de vários conjuntos de dados com 3 representações diferentes. Palavras- / The size of datasets became the major problem in data analysis today. As urban sensing becomes popular, datasets of spatial and temporal nature become ubiquitous, leading to several concerns regarding storage and management. It also creates a shift of paradigm in data analysis, as datasets that once represented a single series of measurements ordered in time are now composed of hundreds of series with ever increasing sampling rates. Also, as urban data usually presents inherent geographic disposition, most analysis tasks requires the support of proper spatial views. It becomes another problem, once that displaying technologies do not advance at the same of pace that sensing technologies do, and consequently, there is usually more data than visual space to represent it. After conducting exhaustive research on temporal data analysis and visualization, we improved a compact visual representation of time series to support the exploration of large spatio-temporal datasets. Our proposal exploits the compactness of such representation to allow the use of a map to represent the spatial properties of the data in a coordinate scheme while presenting, in a comprehensible manner, hundreds of series simultaneously, with full temporal context. We argue that such solution can effectively support many exploratory tasks in an intuitive manner. To support this claim, we show how the idea was conceived, and improved along the development of two design studies from different application domains, and validated by the implementation of prototypes used in the exploratory analysis of several datasets with 3 different data structures.

Submitted by ANA MARIA LEITE NUNES null (ananunes28urca@gmail.com) on 2017-09-28T22:47:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_NUNES-2017_PÓS-DEFESA_FINAL.pdf: 4257927 bytes, checksum: 09d26c34041b1ae59124f2c5c7f37049 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-29T18:23:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nunes_aml_dr_guara.pdf: 4257927 bytes, checksum: 09d26c34041b1ae59124f2c5c7f37049 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T18:23:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nunes_aml_dr_guara.pdf: 4257927 bytes, checksum: 09d26c34041b1ae59124f2c5c7f37049 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Cidades ao redor do mundo buscam desenvolver sistemas de transporte mais sustentáveis com vista a reduzir os acidentes, o congestionamento, as poluições atmosférica, sonora e visual. Buscam melhorar as interações sociais, a habitabilidade e os valores de amenidade no cotidiano urbano. Uma opção com ganhos em termos de sustentabilidade é a bicicleta cargueira, especialmente no transporte e entrega de mercadorias em curtas distâncias. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar e descrever os fatores que afetam a utilização da bicicleta cargueira em entregas do comércio varejista da cidade de Juazeiro do Norte – CE. Utilizou-se o estudo de caso único como método principal da pesquisa, apoiado em entrevistas, questionários, observação direta e participante. O estudo justifica-se pela possibilidade de oferecer informação para melhor utilização desse modal logístico em cidades similares e de identificar possíveis melhorias das condições ocupacionais dos trabalhadores. Como resultados, chegou-se, especialmente a partir das percepções dos empresários e dos trabalhadores do setor, numa caracterização dos fatores socioeconômicos, ocupacionais, ambientais e culturais associados à bicicleta cargueira. Conclui-se que, embora esse modo de transporte seja uma ferramenta logística importante para o comércio varejista, as condições de trabalho são precárias. Além disso, apesar das vantagens competitivas em termos de sustentabilidade, a gestão da mobilidade urbana ainda não considera a bicicleta cargueira nos planejamentos nem no cotidiano da cidade estudada. / Cities around the world are seeking to develop more sustainable transport systems in order to reduce accidents, congestion, air, noise and visual pollution. There is also a seeking to improve social interactions, habitability, and amenity values in everyday urban life. One option in terms of sustainability gains is the freight bicycle, especially in the transportation and delivery of goods over short distances. In this context, the goal of the present study was to investigate and describe factors affecting the use of freight bicycle for delivery trips in the retail trade of the city of Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará state. Research method was the single case study based on interviews, questionnaires, direct and participant observation. The study is justified by the possibility to offer information for a better use of this logistic modal in similar cities and to identify possible improvements of the occupational conditions of workers. As a result, especially from the perceptions of businessmen and workers in the sector, we obtained a characterization of the socioeconomic, occupational, environmental, and cultural factors associated with the cargo bike. It is concluded that, although this mode of transport is an important logistics tool for the retail trade, working conditions are precarious. Furthermore, despite the sustainable competitive advantages, the management of urban mobility still does not consider the cargo bike in the planning even in the daily life of the city. / CAPES: 9183/2012