The strength of polycrystalline materials increases with decreasing grain size. The increase of strength is usually associated with deterioration of ductility, especially for materials having sub-micrometer or nanometer in grain size. It has bee suggested that the ductility of submicro- or nano- grained materials can be improved significantly by introducing a bimodal distribution of grain sizes. The purpose of the present study aims at clarifying the microstructural parameters of the bimodal distribution, such as area ratio and size difference, on the strength and ductility of pure nickel and nickel-cobalt specimens produced by electrodeposition. The microstructural parameters were determined from orientation imaging mapping technique using electron backscatter diffraction. Results indicated that the yield strength is mainly determined by the average size of the fine grains, whereas the tensile strength has a good relation with the average grain size in total. Moreover, it was showed that samples having a area ratio of the fine grains lower than 30% or higher than 70% possess a better ductility. The possible mechanism is discussed in detail.

The strength of the ultrafine-grained materials is increased with grain refinement, but it will also reduce the ductility. In the previous study, there are higher strength and better ductility for the copper with bimodal distribution of grain size. In this study, Ni with lamellar structure is fabricated by electrodeposition in order to explore the mechanical properties of the materials with bimodal distribution of grain size, which is obtained by controlling the grain size. From the result of EBSD analysis, it shows that the area ratio of coarse grains and fine grains is from 0.3 to 3 by changing the plating parameters. The average grain size of fine grains is about 0.5 £gm, and the maximum average grain size of coarse grains is up to 6.0 £gm. From the result of tensile test, the materials with 35% of micro-grains embedded regularly inside a matrix of ultrafine grains have better strength and ductility. When the area ratio of micro-grains is up to 62.5%, there is no difference in mechanical properties between the general electrodeposited materials and ones with bimodal distribution of grain size. For pure Ni, the enhancement of ductility for bimodal distribution of grain size is only in post uniform elongation. Otherwise, it is found that the strength and ductility of the material with lamellar structure are increased through the heat treatmeant under the appropriate temperature.

Automatic segmentation of speech is compulsory for building large speech databases to be used in speech processing applications. This study proposes a bimodal automatic speech segmentation system that uses either articulator motion information (AMI) or visual information obtained by a camera in collaboration with auditory information. The presence of visual modality is shown to be very beneficial in speech recognition applications, improving the performance and noise robustness of those systems. In this dissertation a significant increase in the performance of the automatic speech segmentation system is achieved by using a bimodal approach. Automatic speech segmentation systems have a tradeoff between precision and resulting number of gross errors. Boundary refinement techniques are used in order to increase precision of these systems without decreasing the system performance. Two novel boundary refinement techniques are proposed in this thesis / a hidden Markov model (HMM) based fine tuning system and an inverse filtering based fine tuning system. The segment boundaries obtained by the bimodal speech segmentation system are improved further by using these techniques. To fulfill these goals, a complete two-stage automatic speech segmentation system is produced and tested in two different databases. A phonetically rich Turkish audiovisual speech database, that contains acoustic data and camera recordings of 1600 Turkish sentences uttered by a male speaker, is build from scratch in order to be used in the experiments. The visual features of the recordings are extracted and manual phonetic alignment of the database is done to be used as a ground truth for the performance tests of the automatic speech segmentation systems.

Introduction: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a popular method of treating unresectable liver tumours by the use of a high frequency, alternating electrical current that heats and destroys tumour cells. The size of the ablation is limited by localised charring of adjacent tissue that prevents further conduction of the radiofrequency current. In the clinical setting, this results in increased rates of local recurrence in tumours that are greater than 3 cm in diameter as multiple, overlapping ablations need to be performed to treat the one tumour. To overcome this problem, a modified form of RFA called Bimodal Electric Tissue Ablation (BETA) has been created. BETA adds a direct electrical current to the alternating radiofrequency current, thus establishing its bimodal character. When direct currents are used in biological tissues, water is transferred from anode to cathode by a process called electro-osmosis. By attaching the cathode to the radiofrequency electrode, water is attracted to the area thus preventing tissue desiccation and charring. The BETA circuit has been constructed and tested using a porcine model. The aims of the studies are to confirm that larger ablations can be produced with the BETA system and that it is safe to use in an animal model. Three studies have been performed to test these aims in porcine liver. Methods: The first study was designed to compare sizes of the ablation produced between standard RFA and the BETA circuit. This was followed by a long-term study to assess associated changes to liver function and pathological changes within the liver as well as identifying any other treatment related morbidity. The third study assessed the difference in ablation size and safety aspects when the positive electrode of the direct current circuitry was moved from small surface area under the skin to a large surface area on the skin. Results: Ablations with significantly larger diameters are created with the BETA circuit using a multi-tine needle (49.55 mm versus 27.78 mm, p<0.001). This finding was confirmed in the third experiment using a straight needle (25 mm versus 15.33 mm, p<0.001). Ablations produced by the BETA circuit induce coagulative necrosis within the treated liver and the injury heals by fibrosis in a manner similar to other thermal therapies. Significant rises in some serum liver enzymes are seen within 24 hours of treatment but these return to normal within 4 days. An electrolytic type injury can be produced at the site of the positive electrode. By increasing the surface area of this electrode, the risk of tissue damage is decreased but ablations are significantly smaller (18 mm versus 25 mm, p<0.001). Conclusions: The BETA circuit consistently produces significantly larger ablations than RFA. The treatment appears safe but positioning of the positive electrode of the direct current requires careful consideration. Injuries produced behave like other thermal therapies with coagulative necrosis followed by fibrotic healing. As larger ablations are consistently produced, it is hypothesised that with further refinements, tumours greater than 3 cm in diameter could be treated with lower rates of recurrence. / Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Medicine, 2008

Orientador: Antonio Leão Castilho / Resumo: This is the first study to evaluate in broad spatiotemporal scales the growth parameters and population structure of Rimapenaeus constrictus, a barely damaged species composing the bycatch from shrimp fishing in the Western Atlantic. The abundance and size-class frequency distribution, growth, longevity and sex ratio were evaluated from monthly samples obtained in the northern littoral of São Paulo state from Jan/1998 to Jun/2003. We measured 5,812 individuals in which the sex ratio was skewed toward females; this was more evident in size classes greater than 10 mm in CL (carapace length) (binomial test, p<0.05). We selected 16 growth cohorts of females, and 8 of males, the majority consisting of younger individual cohorts excluded from the fisheries closure period. Growth estimates resulted in a CL∞ of 17.42 mm, a growth coefficient of 0.008 and a longevity of 579 days (1.60 year) for females, as well as a CL∞ of 16.3 mm, a growth coefficient of 0.01 and a longevity of 425 days (1.17 year) for males. Our results provide information of incontestable relevance to our knowledge of fishing management. We therefore strongly recommend that the fisheries closure period be changed to protect this species’ recruitment period and consequently its adult individuals. The reproduction and recruitment were analyzed in order to determine the size at the onset of sexual maturity, the reproductive and recruitment patterns and the copulation period. In our study, 6,456 shrimps were captured a... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Submitted by Everaldo Pereira (pereira.evera@gmail.com) on 2018-04-26T17:31:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_Anderson_2017_FINAL.pdf: 18151510 bytes, checksum: 8faff3ed270b1cf5af99e84c984137f5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by NUBIA OLIVEIRA (nubia.marilia@ufba.br) on 2018-05-02T21:07:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_Anderson_2017_FINAL.pdf: 18151510 bytes, checksum: 8faff3ed270b1cf5af99e84c984137f5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-02T21:07:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_Anderson_2017_FINAL.pdf: 18151510 bytes, checksum: 8faff3ed270b1cf5af99e84c984137f5 (MD5) / No período Toniano (ca. 957-867 Ma), o paleocontinente São Francisco-Congo experimentou um expressivo evento de abertura intracontinental na região onde atualmente estão inseridos o Orógeno Araçuaí (sudeste do Brasil), o cinturão Oeste-Congo (sudoeste da África) e regiões cratônicas adjacentes. Na África, os principais produtos magmáticos desse rifte estão representados pelo complexo gabroico-granítico (ca. 904-867 Ma) da região de Mayumba (Gabão), assim como pela província anorogênica plutono-vulcânica Congolesa, composta pelos grupos Zadiniano (basaltos) e Mayumbiano (riolitos e granitos; ca. 920-912 Ma). No lado brasileiro do rifte existem registros de um considerável volume de diques e sills máficos, tonianos, distribuídos tanto dentro Orógeno Araçuaí quanto no Cráton do São Francisco. No entanto, a única manifestação de magma félsico até então documentada está representada pela suíte Salto da Divisa (ca. 914-875 Ma), um conjunto de granitos anorogênicos localizados na região sul do estado da Bahia, divisa com Minas Gerais. Tais rochas são entendidas como intrusivas no embasamento Riaciano (conhecido como Complexo Itapetinga), cuja idade é atribuída a um ortognaisse tonalítico. Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma sucessão vulcânica encontrada nos domínios da Suíte Salto da Divisa, composta, dentre outros litotipos, por traquitos e riolitos metamorfizados. Dados químicos revelaram que essas rochas são anorogênicas, sendo enriquecidas em K2O, Na2O, FeOt/MgO, Nb, Y, Zr e ETR, e deficientes em Sr, P, Ti e Eu. Datou-se um metariolito (U-Pb, zircão, LA-ICP-MS) e obteve-se a idade de cristalização magmática em 913 ± 4 Ma. Sendo assim, tais rochas representam o primeiro registro de vulcânicas félsicas, associadas com o rifte Toniano, encontradas até então no Brasil. Além da unidade vulcânica, também foi estudado os componentes plutônicos do magmatismo anorogênico, os quais foram subdivididos nas unidades: i) núcleos graníticos; e ii) bimodal. Os núcleos graníticos correspondem aos corpos de granitos Tipo-A tradicionalmente descritos como os representantes da suíte Salto da Divisa. São sienogranitos a álcali-feldspato granitos rosados, de granulação fina, ou média a grossa, pouco deformados e majoritariamente metaluminosos. Ao redor de alguns desses corpos também foi registrada uma outra fácies composta por leucogranitos esbranquiçadosesverdeados, predominantemente peraluminosos, ricos em quartzo, muscovita, albita, fluorita e amazonita. Ambas as fácies são ferroan, com assinatura química típica de granitos Tipo-A. A fácies com amazonita representa uma novidade na região e pode ser interpretada como indicativa de um sistema greisen formado em nível crustal raso (subvulcânico). A unidade bimodal é composta, predominantemente, por ortognaisses sienograníticos associados com rochas máficas (metagabros, metadioritos, anfibolitos e biotititos), ambos comumente submetidos à intensa deformação. Tais rochas eram anteriormente entendidas como parte do Complexo Itapetinga, mas não foram encontrados ortognaisses tonalíticos-granodioríticos. Ao contrário, os ortognaisses possuem composição semelhante com os granitos Tipo-A, sendo ferroan, ricos em K2O, e com assinatura química típica de magmas intraplaca. Da mesma forma, a assinatura química das rochas máficas também sugere proveniência em rifte continental. Em raros domínios indeformados dessa unidade, também foram encontradas feições ígneas preservadas que sugerem co-existência e interação (mixing e mingling) entre os termos félsicos e máficos. Tais constatações indicam que, ao invés de ser parte do embasamento Riaciano, a unidade bimodal possa ser produto do magmatismo bimodal (félsico-máfico) do rifte toniano, o que implica em aumento da extensão e complexidade do registro magmático anorogênico na região. Sendo assim, propõe-se a evolução da suíte Salto da Divisa para o Complexo Anorogênico, plutono-vulcânico, Salto da Divisa. Por comparação química e cronológica, verificou-se que os componentes plutônicos e vulcânicos desse complexo são similares com os seus correspondentes africanos, o que sugere uma origem comum para ambos os magmas. Isso implica na existência de um expressivo evento extensivo no paleocontinente São FranciscoCongo durante o período Toniano. No entanto, a ausência de crosta oceânica dessa idade, no Brasil ou na África, indica que o rifte foi abortado e não evoluiu para uma margem passiva, fato esse que só veio a ocorrer no Criogeniano, após novo pulso extensivo. / ABSTRACT - During the Tonian period, the São Francisco–Congo paleocontinent experienced an extensional event responsible for the generation of an intraplate rift in the region now located the Araçuaí Orogen (SE Brazil), the West Congo orogenic belt (SW Africa) and their adjacent cratonic regions. In Africa, the main magmatic product of this rift is represented by the bimodal (felsic-mafic), plutonic-volcanic Zadinian-Mayumbian province, located in west Congo. The Zadinian sequence comprises mainly metamorphosed basalts, and the Mayumbian sequence it is formed mainly by rhyolites (ca. 920-912 Ma), with presence of some A-Type granitic intrusions (ca. 920 Ma). In Gabon, the grabroic-granitic anorogenic intrusions of Mayumba Complex (ca. 904-867 Ma) is also interpreted as another representative of this anorogenic tonian manifestation. On the Brazilian side, there is several records of theis magmatism spreaded in the Araçuaí orogen or in the São Francisco craton. However, they are mainly less evolved rocks that occur as mafic sills or as mafic dykes swarm. The Salto da Divisa suite, located at northeastern region of the Araçuaí orogen, represents the only felsic magmatic record found so far in Brazil. This suite is composed by less deformed granites (ca. 914-875 Ma) traditionally interpreted as intrusions in the tonalitic-granodioritic Rhyacian basement (previous named as Itapetinga Complex). In this study we present the recently discovered volcanics felsic rocks related to Salto da Divisa suite, as well the petrographic and geochemical description of their plutonic components. The volcanic discovered rocks are metamorphosed rhyolites and trachytes enriched in alkalis, FeOt/MgO, Nb, Y, Zr, ETR, and depleted in Sr, P, and Ti. A meta-rhyolite sample was dated according U-Pb zircon method (LA-ICP-MS) and it was obtained a crystallization age in 913 ± 4 Ma. In relation to the plutonic members, it was described two main units: i) the granitic cores; and ii) the bimodal unit. The granitic cores are the A-type granites traditionally described as the Salto da Divisa suite. They are pinkish, fine, or medium to coarse-grained, syenogranites or alkali-feldspar granites, mainly metaluminous, with few or no one deformation effect. Around of some bodies it also was founded a leucogranitic whitish-greenish facies enriched in quartz, muscovite, albite, fluorite, amazonite. These rocks are mainly peraluminous and the obtained chemical signatures, together with the mineral assembly, allows the interpretation that these leucogranites may be associated with a greisen system formed in subvolcanic crustal level. The geochemical data also revealed that both facies are ferroan granites, with typical signatures related with mantle-plume intraplate rift. The bimodal unit surrounds the granitic cores and it is mainly composed by syenogranitic orthogneisses in assotiation with mafic rocks (meta-gabbros, meta-diorites, amphibolites and biotitites), both intensely deformed. These rocks were previous interpreted as part of the Itapetinga Complex, but no register of tonalitic-granodioritic calk-alkaline-rocks was found. Differently, the chemical data obtained for both felsic or mafic rocks, revealed typical signatures compatible with anorogenic intraplate magmas. In rare underformed domains in this unit it was also found some preserved ingenous structures that indicates the co-existence and interaction (mingling and mixing) between the mafic and felsic magmas. These findings suggest that, instead of being part of the Rhyacian basement, the bimodal unit may be a product of the bimodal (felsic-mafic) magmatism, which is expected to be found on intraplate rifts. Later, during the Araçuaí-West Congo development, these rocks were subjected to intense deformation and metamorphism. The discovery of the volcanic rocks, the granitic cores division in two main facies and the inclusion of the bimodal unit in the Tonian magmatism, increased considerably the extension and the complexity of the Tonian anorogenic magmatism in northeastern Araçuaí region. In that case, this study proposes the evolution of the Salto da Divisa suite to the Salto da Divisa Anorogenic Complex (SADICO). The chemical signatures of the volcanic and plutonic components from SADICO was also compared to their correlatives in Africa and it was verified a great similarity between them. This suggests the existence of a huge anorogenic magmatism in São Francisco-Congo paleocontinent during the Tonian period. However, this rift system seems to be aborted since there is no record of ocean crust of these age in Africa or in Brazil. Keywords: São Francisco-Congo paleocontinent; Tonian rift; Bimodal magmatism; Volcanic rocks. Plutonic-volcanic anorogenic complex.

A formação de professores é atualmente uma área de investigação bastante explorada, mas quando envolve bilinguismo, principalmente quando essa forma de bilinguismo envolve modalidades e culturas diferentes, observa-se que essa área é pouco explorada. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo geral traçar um panorama da formação linguística bilíngue bimodal e da proficiência em Libras (Língua Brasileira de Sinais) de professores ouvintes que atuam na docência em escolas de surdos. A partir desse objetivo geral, foi aplicado o QueHLAP – Questionário de Histórico de Linguagem e Autoavaliação de Proficiência (FLORES; FINGER, 2014), um questionário que integra 30 perguntas fechadas e 5 perguntas abertas. São consideradas sete áreas nos grupos de perguntas, a saber: (a) Identificação Pessoal; (b) Características Familiares; (c) Formação Acadêmica; (d) Formação Linguística; (e) Proficiência; (f) Uso e Interação entre/de Línguas; e (g) Metalinguagem. As áreas de investigação do QueHLAP são constituídas a partir de características percebidas nos estudos bilíngues e/ou em estudos surdos, fornecendo dados valiosos para compreender a formação linguística individual e do coletivo. Os critérios de participação na pesquisa incluíram (a) ser professor ouvinte; (b) atuar em escola de surdos que utilize a Libras como primeira língua de instrução, cujas aulas sejam ministradas sem a presença ou necessidade de Tradutor/Intérprete de Libras; e (c) preencher pelo menos 90% do QueHLAP. Participaram deste estudo 65 docentes ouvintes bilíngues Libras/Português Brasileiro, de escolas da rede particular, estadual e municipal do Rio Grande do Sul, compreendendo as regiões da Serra Gaúcha, Litoral Norte, Vale dos Sinos, metropolitana e a capital do estado. Os participantes atuam desde a Educação Infantil aos diferentes níveis da Educação Básica em escolas de surdos e ou escolas com classes especiais para surdos. A amostra final foi composta por professores bilíngues com idade entre 21 e 61 (Média = 43,08; Desvio Padrão = 9,06); constituído por 90% (n = 58) são do sexo feminino, e apenas 11% (n = 7) possui familiar surdo. Esses 11% com familiares surdos são na sua maioria parentes fora do núcleo familiar de casa. Para análise de dados utilizou-se o SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), para estudos de correlação de variáveis, que gerou correlações da proficiência autoavaliada com qualidade de uso de aspectos gramaticais, e outras váriaveis correlacionadas como escrita de sinais; formação formal e aprendizagem através da experiência docente; e comparação entre grupos com formação de professores para surdos e com formação de Tradutor/Intérprete de Libras. Os resultados sugerem que a formação linguística dos professores ouvintes seja repensada para contribuir de uma forma mais efetiva na qualidade de uso dos aspectos gramaticiais da Libras, bem como aumento da proficiência autoavaliada no ato de ensino-aprendizagem, para que a comunicação entre docentes ouvintes e discentes surdos possa ser ainda mais qualificada. / Teaching training is a widely explored area of study, but when it comes to bilingualism, more precisely in cases in which being bilingual involves two different language modalities and cultures, research production sees to have received less attention. The present study aims at providing an overview of the bimodal bilingual linguistic training and proficiency in Libras (Brazilian Sign Language) of hearing teachers who work in deaf schools. To fulfill this goal, the QheHLAP – Language History and Self-Assessment Questionnaire (FLORES; FINGER, 2004) was applied to a group of bimodal bilingual teachers. The questionnaire has 30 closed questions and 5 open questions grouped into seven areas, as follows: (a) Personal Identification; (b) Family characteristics; (c) Academic Training; (d) Linguistic Training; (e) Proficiency; (f) Usage and Interaction among/in between the Languages; and (g) Metalanguage. The areas investigated in the QueHLAP comprised characteristics observed in Bilingualism and/or in Deaf Studies, and provide valuable data to understand individual and group linguistic training. The criteria to participate in this research included (a) to be a hearing teacher; (b) to work in schools for deaf people who use Brazilian Sign Language as the fist language of instruction, where classes are taught without the presence or the need for a sign language interpreter of Brazilian Sign Language; and (c) to fill in at least 90% of QueHLAP. Sixty five bilingual Brazilian Sign Language-Portuguese hearing teachers who work private schools, local municipal schools and state schools participated in this study. Participants work in all levels of education in schools for deaf people or in schools which provide special classes for the deaf. The sample was made up by bilingual teachers aged in between 21 and 61 (M = 43,08; SD = 9,06); 90% of which female (n = 58). In addition to that only 11% (n = 7) of the sample reported having a deaf family member, who in most cases is a relative who does not live in the same house. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) was used to carry on the analyses of the data, which consisted of variables correlation. Through correlations of the self-assessed proficiency with quality of usage of grammatical aspects and other correlated variables such as sign writing, formal training and learning through teaching experience, and teacher training and sign language interpreters courses. The results suggest that linguistic training of hearing teachers needs improvement in order to contribute to a more effective quality of usage of Brazilian Sign Language, as well as for the improvement of self-assessed proficiency during the act of teaching and learning, in order for the communication between hearing teachers and deaf students to be even more qualified.

L’Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique (IRM) offre une excellente résolution à l’échelle macroscopique alors que l’imagerie optique lui est parfaitement complémentaire car elle dispose d’une haute résolution à l’échelle microscopique ainsi que d’une forte sensibilité. Les complexes de gadolinium(III) ont déjà prouvé leur efficacité en tant qu’agents de contraste IRM et d’autres lanthanides luminescents émettant dans le proche infrarouge conviennent pour l’imagerie optique. Des complexes de lanthanides bishydratés à motif pyridine montrant des résultats très prometteurs pour les deux types d’imagerie ont été développés précédemment au laboratoire. Afin d’améliorer leurs propriétés optiques, des ligands à motifs isoquinoléines ont été synthétisés. Leurs complexes de lanthanides montrent des propriétés magnétiques prometteuses et des constantes thermodynamiques qui démontrent leur faible toxicité in vitro. La longueur d’onde d’excitation et les rendements quantiques des complexes d’Yb3+ et de Nd3+ ont été augmentés pour permettre d’obtenir des images de luminescence et d’envisager des applications in vivo.Afin d’améliorer davantage ces propriétés optiques, la synthèse de ligands à motif 2-azaanthraquinone a été entreprise mais l’instabilité chimique de ces molécules n’a pas permis d’isoler les ligands désirés.Cette approche bimodale a été appliquée à la conception de sondes sensibles au zinc. La synthèse de complexes de Gd3+ à motifs pyridines adaptés permet une detection relaxométrique qualitative et sélective de ce cation. Cependant, l’absence de variation du nombre d’hydratation ne permet pas la détection par luminescence. De légères modifications chimiques sur les ligands devraient permettre d’atteindre cet objectif. / Among the state-of-the-art imaging techniques, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) offers an excellent macroscopic scale resolution whereas optical imaging shows high microscopic scale resolution and great sensitivity. Gadolinium complexes have already proved their efficiency as MRI contrast agents whereas other lanthanide cations emitting in the near infrared may suit for optical imaging purposes. Pyridine-based lanthanide complexes which showed promising results as bimodal probes have previously been developed. In the objective of improving their optical properties, isoquinoline-based ligands have been synthesized. The lanthanide complexes show promising magnetic properties and their thermodynamic stability presumes in vitro low toxicity. Excitation wavelengths and quantum yields of both Nd3+ and Yb3+ complexes have been improved to obtain luminescence images and to foresee in vivo applications. In order to further improve the optical properties, attempts to synthesize 2-azaanthraquinone-based ligands have been made.The desired ligands could not have been isolated due to their chemical instability. This bimodal approach has been applied to the design of smart probes sensitive to zinc. The qualitative and selective detection of the latter has been realized thanks to Gd3+ complexes with adapted pyridine-based ligands. However, the detection by luminescence could not be achieved. Slight chemical modifications on the ligands should allow reaching this goal.

Submitted by ANA ELISA BIELERT LOPES null (anaelisa_lopes@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-29T18:51:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Ana Elisa B. Lopes - com artigo anexado.pdf: 3755415 bytes, checksum: 2f9f1960e6fda6593835653e5f78966a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-29T19:28:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lopes_aeb_me_bot.pdf: 3755415 bytes, checksum: 2f9f1960e6fda6593835653e5f78966a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T19:28:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lopes_aeb_me_bot.pdf: 3755415 bytes, checksum: 2f9f1960e6fda6593835653e5f78966a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-02 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / This is the first study to evaluate in broad spatiotemporal scales the growth parameters and population structure of Rimapenaeus constrictus, a barely damaged species composing the bycatch from shrimp fishing in the Western Atlantic. The abundance and size-class frequency distribution, growth, longevity and sex ratio were evaluated from monthly samples obtained in the northern littoral of São Paulo state from Jan/1998 to Jun/2003. We measured 5,812 individuals in which the sex ratio was skewed toward females; this was more evident in size classes greater than 10 mm in CL (carapace length) (binomial test, p<0.05). We selected 16 growth cohorts of females, and 8 of males, the majority consisting of younger individual cohorts excluded from the fisheries closure period. Growth estimates resulted in a CL∞ of 17.42 mm, a growth coefficient of 0.008 and a longevity of 579 days (1.60 year) for females, as well as a CL∞ of 16.3 mm, a growth coefficient of 0.01 and a longevity of 425 days (1.17 year) for males. Our results provide information of incontestable relevance to our knowledge of fishing management. We therefore strongly recommend that the fisheries closure period be changed to protect this species’ recruitment period and consequently its adult individuals. The reproduction and recruitment were analyzed in order to determine the size at the onset of sexual maturity, the reproductive and recruitment patterns and the copulation period. In our study, 6,456 shrimps were captured among which 5,774 were measured, which 4,322 were females and 1,452 were males. The estimated maturity was 8.3 mm and 11.2 mm, for males and females, respectively. Reproductive females were found over the 5-year study. These results suggests a continuous reproduction pattern, with peaks in summer and in spring. We verified a positive significant relation between reproductive females and temperature (lag +1 and +3), although the decrease in bottom water temperature in some peaks of reproductive activity (spawning), which was probably induced due to SACW intrusion. The recruitment was considered episodic and even though no significant relation was found between immatures and reproductive females, we suggested that the main recruitment peaks observed were a consequence of the major reproductive activities a few months prior to it. The copulation period was continuous in the sampled period, and ISP females (recently copulated) were significant correlated with reproductive males (lag 0). Thus, we propose that during this period the sexual proportion is 1:1, probably due to the migration of reproductive males, attracted to copulate. Our results provide information of incontestable relevance to our wide knowledge of the species’ reproductive biology, in order to support an accurate fishing management. / FAPESP: 2015/13639-5

A formação de professores é atualmente uma área de investigação bastante explorada, mas quando envolve bilinguismo, principalmente quando essa forma de bilinguismo envolve modalidades e culturas diferentes, observa-se que essa área é pouco explorada. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo geral traçar um panorama da formação linguística bilíngue bimodal e da proficiência em Libras (Língua Brasileira de Sinais) de professores ouvintes que atuam na docência em escolas de surdos. A partir desse objetivo geral, foi aplicado o QueHLAP – Questionário de Histórico de Linguagem e Autoavaliação de Proficiência (FLORES; FINGER, 2014), um questionário que integra 30 perguntas fechadas e 5 perguntas abertas. São consideradas sete áreas nos grupos de perguntas, a saber: (a) Identificação Pessoal; (b) Características Familiares; (c) Formação Acadêmica; (d) Formação Linguística; (e) Proficiência; (f) Uso e Interação entre/de Línguas; e (g) Metalinguagem. As áreas de investigação do QueHLAP são constituídas a partir de características percebidas nos estudos bilíngues e/ou em estudos surdos, fornecendo dados valiosos para compreender a formação linguística individual e do coletivo. Os critérios de participação na pesquisa incluíram (a) ser professor ouvinte; (b) atuar em escola de surdos que utilize a Libras como primeira língua de instrução, cujas aulas sejam ministradas sem a presença ou necessidade de Tradutor/Intérprete de Libras; e (c) preencher pelo menos 90% do QueHLAP. Participaram deste estudo 65 docentes ouvintes bilíngues Libras/Português Brasileiro, de escolas da rede particular, estadual e municipal do Rio Grande do Sul, compreendendo as regiões da Serra Gaúcha, Litoral Norte, Vale dos Sinos, metropolitana e a capital do estado. Os participantes atuam desde a Educação Infantil aos diferentes níveis da Educação Básica em escolas de surdos e ou escolas com classes especiais para surdos. A amostra final foi composta por professores bilíngues com idade entre 21 e 61 (Média = 43,08; Desvio Padrão = 9,06); constituído por 90% (n = 58) são do sexo feminino, e apenas 11% (n = 7) possui familiar surdo. Esses 11% com familiares surdos são na sua maioria parentes fora do núcleo familiar de casa. Para análise de dados utilizou-se o SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), para estudos de correlação de variáveis, que gerou correlações da proficiência autoavaliada com qualidade de uso de aspectos gramaticais, e outras váriaveis correlacionadas como escrita de sinais; formação formal e aprendizagem através da experiência docente; e comparação entre grupos com formação de professores para surdos e com formação de Tradutor/Intérprete de Libras. Os resultados sugerem que a formação linguística dos professores ouvintes seja repensada para contribuir de uma forma mais efetiva na qualidade de uso dos aspectos gramaticiais da Libras, bem como aumento da proficiência autoavaliada no ato de ensino-aprendizagem, para que a comunicação entre docentes ouvintes e discentes surdos possa ser ainda mais qualificada. / Teaching training is a widely explored area of study, but when it comes to bilingualism, more precisely in cases in which being bilingual involves two different language modalities and cultures, research production sees to have received less attention. The present study aims at providing an overview of the bimodal bilingual linguistic training and proficiency in Libras (Brazilian Sign Language) of hearing teachers who work in deaf schools. To fulfill this goal, the QheHLAP – Language History and Self-Assessment Questionnaire (FLORES; FINGER, 2004) was applied to a group of bimodal bilingual teachers. The questionnaire has 30 closed questions and 5 open questions grouped into seven areas, as follows: (a) Personal Identification; (b) Family characteristics; (c) Academic Training; (d) Linguistic Training; (e) Proficiency; (f) Usage and Interaction among/in between the Languages; and (g) Metalanguage. The areas investigated in the QueHLAP comprised characteristics observed in Bilingualism and/or in Deaf Studies, and provide valuable data to understand individual and group linguistic training. The criteria to participate in this research included (a) to be a hearing teacher; (b) to work in schools for deaf people who use Brazilian Sign Language as the fist language of instruction, where classes are taught without the presence or the need for a sign language interpreter of Brazilian Sign Language; and (c) to fill in at least 90% of QueHLAP. Sixty five bilingual Brazilian Sign Language-Portuguese hearing teachers who work private schools, local municipal schools and state schools participated in this study. Participants work in all levels of education in schools for deaf people or in schools which provide special classes for the deaf. The sample was made up by bilingual teachers aged in between 21 and 61 (M = 43,08; SD = 9,06); 90% of which female (n = 58). In addition to that only 11% (n = 7) of the sample reported having a deaf family member, who in most cases is a relative who does not live in the same house. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) was used to carry on the analyses of the data, which consisted of variables correlation. Through correlations of the self-assessed proficiency with quality of usage of grammatical aspects and other correlated variables such as sign writing, formal training and learning through teaching experience, and teacher training and sign language interpreters courses. The results suggest that linguistic training of hearing teachers needs improvement in order to contribute to a more effective quality of usage of Brazilian Sign Language, as well as for the improvement of self-assessed proficiency during the act of teaching and learning, in order for the communication between hearing teachers and deaf students to be even more qualified.