Research identifying the relationship between inhibition and binge drinking in young adults is limited. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify which subcomponent(s) of inhibitory performance is most sensitive at discerning binge-drinking behavior among young adults through a longitudinal design. The sample consisted of 182 alcohol consuming college students (48.3% male) with a mean age of 21.04±1.83 years. Inhibitory processing and alcohol behavior were assessed at baseline and six months later at follow-up. Alcohol behavior was also evaluated throughout participation via 13 biweekly alcohol logs. Multiple regression analysis revealed that interference inhibition (Simon task) contributed to the prediction of the number of drinks consumed during binge drinking occasion among males. These findings suggest that specific subcomponents of response inhibition, and not others, are more suitable for predicting alcohol consumption habits. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2016. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o uso de álcool no padrão binge em usuários de drogas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, exploratório, da abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial - Álcool e Drogas. A amostra foi composta por 140 usuários de drogas em tratamento. Constituíram instrumentos para coleta de dados: informações sociodemográficas, Escala de Gravidade de Dependência do Álcool (SADD), AUDIT-C, Escala de Severidade de Dependência de Drogas (SDS), Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief (CCQ-Brief) e The Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DrInC). A amostra caracterizou-se predominantemente por adultos do sexo masculino, solteiros, cor negra/parda, com baixo nível de escolaridade, que professavam a religião católica. A maioria dos participantes fez uso de bebida alcoólica no padrão binge e nível severo de dependência alcoólica e de drogas. Na presente amostra não foram verificadas associações entre o consumo no padrão binge e situações de violências. Os usuários também apresentaram consequências mais graves nos aspectos físicos, interpessoais, intrapessoal, controle de impulso e responsabilidade social avaliadas pela escala DrInC. O uso pesado de álcool tem sido uma prática muito comum entre usuários de cocaína e crack, o que representa graves riscos para a saúde física e social dessas pessoas. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de estratégias interventivas para controle do uso de álcool nessa população / The study aimed to evaluate the binge-drinking among drugs users. It is a cross-sectional study of a quantitative approach. The study was developed in a Psychosocial Attention Center - Alcohol and drugs. The sample was composed of 140 drug users in treatment. The tools of data collection were: sociodemographic information, Short Alcohol Dependence Data (SADD), The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C), Severity Dependence Scale (SDS), Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief (CCQ-Brief) and Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DrInC). The sample was characterized predominantly by being adults, males, singles, black / brown color, with low education level, who professed the Catholic religion. Most participants made the use of alcohol in binge-drinking and severe levels of alcoholism and addiction. In the present sample was not identified associations between the binge- drinking and violence situations. Users also present more serious consequences in the physical, interpersonal, intrapersonal aspects, impulse control and social responsibility evaluated by DrInC scale. Heavy use of alcohol has been a very common practice for cocaine and crack users, which represents serious risks to physical and social health of these users. The results indicate the need for intervention strategies of alcohol use control with this population

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) can cause infertility and is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) of bacterial origin in Europe. Surveys in seven countries estimated a population prevalence of 1.4-3.0 % in people 18 to 44 years. Approximately 87% of those diagnosed in Sweden are 15-29 years. Since 1997, with the exception of 2009-2010, despite all efforts, CT has increased steadily in many European countries including Sweden. That made us investigate risk factors associated with catching STIs, especially CT. In Sweden partner notification is mandatory by law when a patient is diagnosed with CT. Centralised partner notification, performed by a few experienced counsellors, and evaluation of the sexual history for at least 12 months back in time, shows superior results compared to other studies. Phone-interviews are a good option in remote areas. “The Västerbotten model” for partner notification fulfils these criteria and our evaluation has functioned as a model for changing recommendations of partner notification in Sweden. Preventing CT by primary prevention such as information and counselling is, however, still of great importance. We investigated whether it was necessary to test for CT in the throat. We found that patients testing positive for pharyngeal CT neither had more symptoms or signs nor a sexual history that differed from others. We therefore believe that we will find most or all of these patients by conventional testing of urine and cervical/vaginal samples. We wanted to further identify risk factors among patients attending a clinic for sexually transmitted infections to enable individualized care depending on risk. None or inconsistent use of condoms with new/temporary partners in combination with having at least one new/temporary partner within the past 6 months could identify persons with risk behaviour and at increased risk of CT (re)infection. Additional information about whether the condom was used during the whole intercourse did not add any risk of infection. A drop-in reception is a good contribution to an opportunistic screening approach. The rate of CT infected is high and the clinic attracts men and individuals ≥25 years old at risk of infection, groups which usually have a reduced test rate. The mean age was 28 years and 58% of the patients were men. The figure of correct condom usage is very low indicating the need for risk reducing counselling also in this grown-population. Among adult STI patients anxiety was common and depression uncommon. Neither was linked to high risk sexual behaviour nor ongoing CT infection. Hazardous alcohol consumption, however, was common and linked to anxiety and high risk sex. We conclude that preventive work can not only focus on STI prevention, but must consider the high frequency of hazardous alcohol consumption, which probably is contributing to sexual risk behaviour.

O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o uso de álcool no padrão binge em usuários de drogas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, exploratório, da abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial - Álcool e Drogas. A amostra foi composta por 140 usuários de drogas em tratamento. Constituíram instrumentos para coleta de dados: informações sociodemográficas, Escala de Gravidade de Dependência do Álcool (SADD), AUDIT-C, Escala de Severidade de Dependência de Drogas (SDS), Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief (CCQ-Brief) e The Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DrInC). A amostra caracterizou-se predominantemente por adultos do sexo masculino, solteiros, cor negra/parda, com baixo nível de escolaridade, que professavam a religião católica. A maioria dos participantes fez uso de bebida alcoólica no padrão binge e nível severo de dependência alcoólica e de drogas. Na presente amostra não foram verificadas associações entre o consumo no padrão binge e situações de violências. Os usuários também apresentaram consequências mais graves nos aspectos físicos, interpessoais, intrapessoal, controle de impulso e responsabilidade social avaliadas pela escala DrInC. O uso pesado de álcool tem sido uma prática muito comum entre usuários de cocaína e crack, o que representa graves riscos para a saúde física e social dessas pessoas. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de estratégias interventivas para controle do uso de álcool nessa população / The study aimed to evaluate the binge-drinking among drugs users. It is a cross-sectional study of a quantitative approach. The study was developed in a Psychosocial Attention Center - Alcohol and drugs. The sample was composed of 140 drug users in treatment. The tools of data collection were: sociodemographic information, Short Alcohol Dependence Data (SADD), The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C), Severity Dependence Scale (SDS), Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief (CCQ-Brief) and Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DrInC). The sample was characterized predominantly by being adults, males, singles, black / brown color, with low education level, who professed the Catholic religion. Most participants made the use of alcohol in binge-drinking and severe levels of alcoholism and addiction. In the present sample was not identified associations between the binge- drinking and violence situations. Users also present more serious consequences in the physical, interpersonal, intrapersonal aspects, impulse control and social responsibility evaluated by DrInC scale. Heavy use of alcohol has been a very common practice for cocaine and crack users, which represents serious risks to physical and social health of these users. The results indicate the need for intervention strategies of alcohol use control with this population

Background: Prevalence and characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and total fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) were studied in a second sample of three South African rural communities to assess change. Methods: Active case ascertainment focused on children with height, weight and/or head circumference <= 25th centile and randomly-selected children. Final diagnoses were based on dysmorphology, neurobehavioral scores, and maternal risk interviews. Results: Cardinal facial features, head circumference, and total dysmorphology scores differentiated specific FASD diagnostic categories in a somewhat linear fashion but all FASD traits were significantly worse than those of randomly-selected controls. Neurodevelopmental delays were significantly worse for children with FASD than controls. Binge alcohol use was clearly documented as the proximal maternal risk factor for FASD, and significant distal risk factors were: low body mass, education, and income; high gravidity, parity, and age at birth of the index child. FAS rates continue to extremely high in these communities at 89-129 per 1000 children. Total FASD affect 196-276 per 1000 or 20-28% of the children in these communities. Conclusions: Very high rates of FASD persist in these general populations where regular, heavy drinking, often in a binge fashion, co-occurs with low socioeconomic conditions.

La presente tesis doctoral se enmarca en la línea de investigación "Las Trayectorias de la Violencia y la Conducta Criminal”. Este trabajo consta de 9 capítulos articulados en los siguientes apartados: a) introducción, b) estudios empíricos publicados, c) estudios empíricos en revisión, d) discusión general, limitaciones y perspectivas de futuro, y d) conclusiones. Los estudios empíricos que conforman este trabajo se han centrado en dos colectivos de interés: adolescentes que se inician en el consumo de alcohol y delincuencia adulta en pacientes con Esquizofrenia y otros Trastornos Psicosis. Hasta la fecha, la mayor parte de los estudios realizados que analizan el desarrollo de la violencia y la conducta criminal en la población adolescente y adulta procede de investigaciones realizadas en Norteamerica, Canadá y algunas regiones de Europa. En España sin embargo, existen muy pocos trabajos publicados que analicen los factores determinantes de la delincuencia juvenil y las trayectorias del comportamiento criminal que presentan los individuos que cometen los crímenes más graves y violentos internados en centros psiquiátricos de máxima seguridad. La presente tesis doctoral realiza un recorrido por los factores que motivan el inicio de la delincuencia con especial énfasis en el rol que ejerce el consumo temprano de alcohol y la presencia de trastornos mentales graves vinculados con los delitos violentos cometidos por la población psiquiátrica encarcelada. Para ello, se han determinado 6 objetivos fundamentales de investigación, cada uno de los cuáles deriva en un estudio empírico. Los principales resultados de cada uno de los estudios aparecen recogidos en los capítulos 3-8. En la última sección (capítulo 9), se discuten los hallazgos más significativos obtenidos en cada uno de las investigaciones, las limitaciones y las perspectivas de futuro basadas en los aportes de la Neurocriminología que abren nuevas vías investigación. En el primer estudio examinamos la relación entre el consumo de alcohol adolescente y variables relacionadas con la delincuencia, el desempeño académico, los vínculos sociales y otras conductas problemáticas juveniles. En este estudio 567 estudiantes adolescentes de 14 a 19 años de edad cumplimentaron la Encuesta Estatal sobre Uso de Drogas. Controlando el efecto de la edad y el tipo de institución educativa (pública vs privada), nuestros resultados mostraron que los predictores más significativos del consumo de alcohol adolescente estuvieron relacionados con el número de expulsiones recibidas en los centros educativos, la vinculación con amigos infractores consumidores de alcohol, la participación en peleas, el número de salidas nocturnas y la hora de regreso a casa. Estos factores explicaron el 32.3% de la varianza del consumo alcohol adolescente. En el segundo estudio analizamos, la asociación entre el consumo de alcohol adolescente y la calidad de la relación familiar, el establecimiento de normas, la información sobre el uso de drogas y los comportamientos y actitudes parentales hacia el consumo, en una muestra de 565 estudiantes escolarizados de 14 a 19 años de edad. Los resultados de este estudio mostraron una relación significativa entre el consumo de alcohol y vivir en un entorno familiar caracterizado por la baja supervisión parental, caracterizado por tener un progrenitor consumidor de alcohol y una madre con actitudes permisivas hacia el consumo. En el tercer estudio evaluamos la asociacióne entre un nuevo fenómeno emergente de la conducta alimentaria denominado “Drunkorexia” caracterizado por la restricción del consumo de alimentos con alto contenido calórico para compensar el exceso de calorías proporcionado por la ingesta abusiva de alcohol y alcanzar más rápidamente los efectos de intoxicación etílica con el patrón de Binge Drinking. En este estudio 120 estudiantes universitarios de Nutrición Humana y Dietética cumplimentaron un cuestionario online sobre hábitos alimentarios y consumo de alcohol. La prevalencia de Drunkorexia obtenida en nuestro estudio fue del 10%. La Drunkorexia estuvo fuertemente relacionada con el consumo de alcohol en forma de binge drinking. Los participantes que redujeron intencionalmente el consumo de calorías tuvieron 2.5 (95% CI 1.46-4.27) veces más probabilidades de ser Binge drinkers. Los tres últimos artículos se centran en la población de delincuentes con Esquizofrenia y otras Psicosis, encarcelados en centros psiquiátricos de maxima seguridad por la comisión de crímenes violentos. Investigaciones previas han demostrado que la presencia de trastornos de conducta en la infancia (CD) antes de los 15 años de edad se relacionan con el comportamiento agresivo y la conducta criminal en individuos con Esquizofrenia y otros Trastornos Psicóticos (Hodgins, Cree, Alderton, y Mak, 2008). En nuestro cuarto estudio, analizamos la tipología de delincuentes con enfermedad mental internados en un centro psiquiátrico de maxima seguridad, clasificando a estos pacientes de acuerdo a la presencia antecedents de CD en la infancia y las escalas de predicción de la conducta violenta HCR-20 y la psicopatía PCL:SV. La presencia de CD antes de los 15 años de edad estuvo fuertemente relacionada con un patrón de conducta criminal así como con elevadas puntuaciones en los instrumentos HCR-20 y PCL:SV. Un mayor número de pacientes con Esquizofrenia y CD mostraron un diagnóstico adicional de trastorno de la personalidad. Consistente con estudios previos, nuestros resultados confirmaron que la mayoría de estos pacientes habían experimentado un mayor número de abusos físicos en la infancia, tasas más prevalentes de hiperactividad infantil y habían sido condenados a lo largo de la vida por un mayor número de delitos violentos y no violentos. En el estudio 5, presentamos los resultados del primer estudio longitudinal realizado en España sobre la validez predictiva de los instrumentos HCR-20 y PCL:SV en delincuentes internados en centros psiquiátricos de máxima seguridad. En este estudio 107 pacientes con Esquizofrenia y otras Psicosis fueron monitorizados durante 24 meses en la institución con el objetivo de analizar la capacidad predictiva de estos instrumentos. A lo largo del periodo de seguimiento, un 29.2% de la muestra manifiestó actos de agresión y violencia. Ambos instrumentos fueron capacidades de discriminar a los delincuentes de alto riesgo con niveles de precision moderados con valores de AUCs=.72–.83 para el HCR-20 y (AUCs=.70–.80]) para la PCL:SV. Estos resultados confirmaron la utilidad clínica de estas medidas en delincuentes con trastornos mentales en España. Por último, el estudio 6 examinó la validez predictiva de la versión española del Suicide Risk Assessment Measure (S-RAMM) para la evaluación del riesgo de comportamiento suicida en delincuentes violentos con Esquizofrenia y otras Psicosis. Los pacientes fueron monitorizados dentro de la institución a lo largo de 18 meses de seguimiento para registrar los incidentes de suicidio y violencia utilizando los instrumentos S-RAMM y HCR-20. A lo largo el período de seguimiento, un 25% de los delincuentes cometió algún incidente de carácter suicida incluyendo actos de autolesión, ideación e intentos suicidas y un 34% se comportó violentamente. El S-RAMM y el HCR-20 estuvieron fuertemente correlacionados y fueron capaces de predecir estas conductas con un moderado-largo tamaño de efecto (AUCs = .81-.85; AUCs= .78-.80 rrespectivamente). Los pacientes que puntuaron por encima de la media en el S-RAMM (>20 puntos) y el HCR-20 (>21 puntos) tuvieron un riesgo 5 veces superior de conducta suicida (OR = 5.15, 95% CI = 2.75-9.80) y 7 veces más probabilidades de manifestar actos de violencia (OR= 7.04, 95% CI= 2.1-23.3). Estos resultados confirman el valor predictivo de ambas medidas en delincuentes internados en centros psiquiátricos de máxima seguridad. En el capítulo 9, discutimos los principales resultados obtenidos en cada estudio empíricos y destacamos las limitaciones y perspectivas de futuro que abren nuevas vías de investigación. Por último, se presentan las conclusiones derivadas del presente trabajo (capítulo 10).

Despite the general decline in alcohol use among adolescents, binge drinking in this age group remains a serious public health problem. The overarching aim of this study was to examine the association between family structure and adolescents' binge drinking and to what extent this association is accounted for by differences in parental monitoring. The study utilised data from the Stockholm School Survey 2014, involving 12,540 students in 9th and 11th grade in the Stockholm Municipality, Sweden. The analytical sample was restricted to 10,279 students. Descriptive statistics, cross tabulations with chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression were applied in the analyses. Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics including gender, grade, and parental education, family structure was significantly associated with adolescents' binge drinking, where binge drinking was higher among students in the non-nuclear family structure compared with those in the nuclear family structure. However, the association between family structure and adolescents' binge drinking was not accounted for by differences in parental monitoring. In conclusion, the non-nuclear family structure is a risk factor, but also high parental monitoring is a protective factor in relation to adolescents' binge drinking. Accordingly, the findings of the study may be used as a basis for preventive work.

Underage drinking is a major problem in the United States, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. About 43,000 deaths a year result from binge drinking in youths at a cost of $24 billion in 2010 to the U.S. economy. The purpose of this quantitative dissertation was to examine the predictors of binge drinking in high school youths in a highly racial diverse community of Montgomery County, Maryland. The social ecological model was the theoretical framework used for this study due to the presence of both personal and contextual factors that influence behavior. Using binary logistic regression to analyze data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System 2014, the association between being bullied, suicidality, substance use, protective factors, and binge drinking was tested. Results from single models indicated that there was an association with all independent variables predicting binge drinking. Based on effect size, Asians had the highest risk (For RQ1, OR =3.57; RQ2, OR= 3.08; RQ4, OR=1.72) of binge drinking for all independent variables except marijuana use in which Blacks had the highest risk; OR = 2.02. In the combined model, the results were that adolescents 14 or 15 years old making up 49.3% of the population had the highest risk of binge drinking; OR = 3.184. The results of this study could be used to promote positive social change by highlighting more efficient intervention programs to prevent adolescents from binge drinking and could also enable county and state Public Health officials to design programs to properly allocate resources based on evidence and need, especially in racially diverse communities.

No description available.

Alcohol use among college students is often in the news. Some scholars argue, with literature to support it, that problem drinking in college is just a media-driven myth (Lederman et al. 2004). Yet it is clear that college students do drink, some to excess. Various reasons are cited from alcohol availability to the "freedom" associated with this stage of life. However, very few researchers have attempted to determine whether religiosity affects alcohol use among college students. The purpose of this study was to further examine the combined issues of religiosity and alcohol use among college students. Is excessive use of alcohol during this time of life simply an adult transition issue, as Jackson et al. (2005) contend, or is there more to it? Research seems to point to the fact that religiosity plays a role. The primary hypothesis tested was that students who valued religious activities as part of their college experience would use alcohol less, including binge drinking, than those who did not. The second hypothesis tested was that students who valued parties and Greek life would use alcohol and binge more than students who did not. The data set used was constructed by the Harvard School of Public Health and included data from 120 four-year colleges and universities from throughout the United States. The analysis supported the hypothesis that religiosity was a factor in reduced alcohol use by college students. College students who valued religious activities drank less than those who did not. The study also supported the hypothesis that students who valued parties and Greek life drank more. The heaviest drinkers were those who valued parties. These results are highly significant given the size of the sample. No other study that looked at religiosity and alcohol use among college students used a sample this large. These results help us to better understand the negative association between religiosity and alcohol use among college students as well as the positive association between parties and alcohol use. They especially help us to formulate strategies that might be considered to alleviate problem drinking during this stage of life.