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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Développement de microparticules bioadhésives pour l'administration vaginale de probiotiques / Development of bioadhesive microparticles for vaginal use of probiotics

Pliszczak, Dorothée 23 November 2011 (has links)
Lors d’infections vaginales, divers pathogènes se développent au détriment de la flore locale. L’utilisation de lactobacilles en traitement prophylactique et/ou curatif pourrait pallier ce problème. Le but de ce travail de thèse a été de développer des microparticules mucoadhésives à base de pectine et d’acide hyaluronique (HA) pour la libération intravaginale de probiotiques. Quatre souches probiotiques ont été associées à des prébiotiques afin d’obtenir un effet symbiotique. Les microparticules ont été formulées par émulsification-gélification ionique. Dans un premier temps, l’étude de l’influence de différents paramètres de procédé et de formulation a permis de définir les conditions opératoires pour l’obtention de microparticules d'environ 140 µm de diamètre encapsulant des probiotiques viables. Puis, les propriétés mucoadhésives des microparticules ont été évaluées in-vitro et ex-vivo par des mesures rhéologiques en mode dynamique et par des tests d’indentation. La présence d’HA entraine une augmentation importante du pouvoir bioadhésif des particules. Enfin, ces microparticules ont été incorporées dans des comprimés par un procédé de granulation humide. L’encapsulation des bactéries permet leur protection lors du procédé de compression. De plus, contrairement aux formes classiques d'administration des probiotiques, les microparticules permettent d'obtenir un profil de libération prolongée des bactéries sur environ 10h contre 1h dans le cas d’un comprimé comportant des probiotiques non encapsulés. Un début de prolifération bactérienne s’opère entre 16 et 24 heures. Le comprimé ainsi développé est tout-à-fait adapté à une application vaginale / More than 300 millions of women around the world have urinary or vaginal infections, including yeast vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis. Vaginal use of probiotics offers a potential alternative approach to health restoration and maintenance of the vaginal microflora. Moreover, prebiotics may be combined with probiotics to obtain a symbiotic effect. The aim of this work was to develop pro- and pre-biotics-loaded bioadhesive microparticles by using pectin and hyaluronic acid (HA). Four probiotic strains classically used in vaginal applications and one prebiotic have been selected. Microparticles were produced by emulsification/gelation method using calcium as cross-linking agent. The study of process and formulation parameters allowed obtaining microparticles with a mean diameter of 140 µm which encapsulated between 1010 to 1011 cfu/g of microparticles. Their mucoadhesive properties have been proved both by rheological and indentation measurements in in-vitro and ex-vivo conditions. Moreover, results have shown that HA addition in pectin solutions enhanced the bioadhesive properties of the gel-based microparticles. Afterwards, microparticles have been incorporated inside tablet by wet granulation. Microencapsulation of probiotics allowed protecting them during the compression process. The kinetic release of probiotics studies in in-vitro conditions exhibited a sustained release profile for 10 hours against 1h for unencapsulated probiotics. A beginning of probiotic strain proliferation was observed between 16 to 24 hours. The developed tablet is well-suited to vaginal application
22

New Concepts in Administration of Drugs in Tablet Form : Formulation and Evaluation of a Sublingual Tablet for Rapid Absorption, and Presentation of an Individualised Dose Administration System

Bredenberg, Susanne January 2003 (has links)
<p>This thesis presents two new concepts in oral drug administration and the results of evaluation of some relevant formulation factors.</p><p>Investigation into improving the homogeneity of mixtures for tableting indicated that it may be possible to obtain interactive dry mixtures of micronised drugs containing drug proportions as low as 0.015% w/w. By studying the relationship between disintegration time and tensile strength, it was found that the microstructure surrounding the disintegrant particles may influence the disintegration process. Therefore, avoidance of excipients which are highly deformable or very soluble in water will result in more rapid disintegration. Further, it is possible to increase the bioadhesive properties of a non-bioadhesive carrier material by forming interactive mixtures containing a fine particulate bioadhesive material.</p><p>The new sublingual tablet concept presented is based on interactive mixtures consisting of a water-soluble carrier covered with fine drug particles and a bioadhesive component. With this approach, it is possible to obtain rapid dissolution in combination with bioadhesive retention of the drug in the oral cavity. Clinical data indicate that this allows rapid sublingual absorption while simultaneously avoiding intestinal absorption. </p><p>An individualised dose administration system is also presented. This system is based on the use of standardised units (microtablets), each containing a sub-therapeutic amount of the active ingredient. The required dose is fine-tuned by electronically counting out a specific number of these units using an automatic dose dispenser. A patient handling study supported the suggestion that the dosage of some medications can be more easily and safely individualised for each patient with this method than by using traditional methods of mixing different standard tablet strengths or dividing tablets.</p>
23

New Concepts in Administration of Drugs in Tablet Form : Formulation and Evaluation of a Sublingual Tablet for Rapid Absorption, and Presentation of an Individualised Dose Administration System

Bredenberg, Susanne January 2003 (has links)
This thesis presents two new concepts in oral drug administration and the results of evaluation of some relevant formulation factors. Investigation into improving the homogeneity of mixtures for tableting indicated that it may be possible to obtain interactive dry mixtures of micronised drugs containing drug proportions as low as 0.015% w/w. By studying the relationship between disintegration time and tensile strength, it was found that the microstructure surrounding the disintegrant particles may influence the disintegration process. Therefore, avoidance of excipients which are highly deformable or very soluble in water will result in more rapid disintegration. Further, it is possible to increase the bioadhesive properties of a non-bioadhesive carrier material by forming interactive mixtures containing a fine particulate bioadhesive material. The new sublingual tablet concept presented is based on interactive mixtures consisting of a water-soluble carrier covered with fine drug particles and a bioadhesive component. With this approach, it is possible to obtain rapid dissolution in combination with bioadhesive retention of the drug in the oral cavity. Clinical data indicate that this allows rapid sublingual absorption while simultaneously avoiding intestinal absorption. An individualised dose administration system is also presented. This system is based on the use of standardised units (microtablets), each containing a sub-therapeutic amount of the active ingredient. The required dose is fine-tuned by electronically counting out a specific number of these units using an automatic dose dispenser. A patient handling study supported the suggestion that the dosage of some medications can be more easily and safely individualised for each patient with this method than by using traditional methods of mixing different standard tablet strengths or dividing tablets.
24

Effet des chaînes de poly(4-vinylpyridinium) sur l'adhésion de bactéries pathogènes aux surfaces

Racicot Guérard, Roxane January 2008 (has links)
Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal
25

Conception de nouvelles surfaces à propriétés antibactériennes / Design of surfaces in order to achieve antibacterial properties

Bedel, Sophie 08 December 2014 (has links)
La biocontamination des surfaces et les risques associés sont des enjeux majeurs économiques et de santé publique. Afin de limiter ou empêcher l’adhésion bactérienne, une des solutions possible consiste en la modification des propriétés des surfaces, afin de leur conférer les fonctions voulues. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de cette étude est de modifier des surfaces de types métallique (acier) ou polymère : poly(téréphtalate d’éthylène) par des glycomonomères ou des monomères bioactifs. La stratégie de modification des surfaces s’effectue en plusieurs étapes.La première étape permet d’incorporer des fonctions réactives sur les surfaces par traitement acide puis réaction avec la dopamine, ou par traitement plasma ammoniaque. Des fonctions hydroxyle et amine sont introduites. Par la suite un amorceur de polymérisation par transfert d’atome est greffé sur les surfaces. Les monomères sont synthétisés et leur polymérisation étudiée en solution, dans un premier temps dans les conditions de polymérisation radicalaire classique, puis par polymérisation par transfert d’atome. Les conditions optimales sont déterminées, puis les polymérisations sur surfaces effectuées. La dernière étape concerne l’étude des propriétés microbiologiques des surfaces synthétisées.Les glycopolymères protégés et déprotégés de galactose ainsi que les polymères de méthacrylate de gaïacyle et de méthacrylate de thymyle ont été synthétisés. Les monomères ont été polymérisés par polymérisation par transfert d’atome à partir de la surface, sur les surfaces d’acier et de poly(téréphtalate d’éthylène). Après chaque étape de modification de surface, les matériaux ont été systématiquement caractérisés par goniométrie et spectroscopie à photoélectrons X. Les surfaces d’acier fonctionnalisées par le glycopolymère présentent des propriétés anti-adhésives vis-à-vis de Bacillus subtilis, un effet plus marqué est observé après greffage du glycopolymère déprotégé. Les surfaces de poly(téréphtalate d’éthylène) quant à elles, possèdent des propriétés anti-adhésives leur du greffage du poly(méthacrylate de thymyle) vis-à-vis de Listeria monocytogenes, Staphilococcus aureus et Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Un effet anti-biofilm a également été mis en évidence vis-à-vis de Staphilococcus aureus.En parallèle des homopolymères d’ammonium quaternaire et des copolymères obtenus en incorporant les monomères bioactifs ont été synthétisés. Les propriétés antibactériennes sont testées en milieu planctonique vis-à-vis de Bacillus subtilis. Un degré de polymérisation égal à 78 et les groupements halogénoalcane : iodométhane ou bromoéthane permettent l’obtention de la concentration minimale inhibitrice la plus faible. La présence des monomères bioactifs permettent la diminution de la concentration minimale inhibitrice. Le résultat le plus intéressant est obtenu lors de l’incorporation d’un pourcent de N-(4-hydroxy-3-méthoxy-benzyl)-acrylamide. / Bio-contamination of surfaces and related risks are very important economically and for public health. To prevent this phenomenon, one solution is to modify the properties of the surfaces, in order to give them the wanted functionalities. The goal of this study is the modification of metallic surfaces (steel) or polymer surfaces: poly(ethylene terephtalate) with glycomonomers or bioactives monomers. To reach this objective, a multi-step strategy is applied.The first step enabled the incorporation of reactive species on the surfaces by an acid treatment followed by a reaction with dopamine, or by ammonia plasma treatment. Hydroxyl or amine functional groups are added. Then, an initiator of atom transfer radical polymerization is grafted on surfaces. Monomers are synthesized and conventional polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization are studied. Optimal conditions are determined and polymerization on surfaces achieved. The last step is the study of the microbiological properties of the synthesized surfaces.Protected and unprotected galactose glycopolymers as well as gaiacyl methacrylate and thymyl methacrylate have been synthesized. Monomers have been polymerized by atom transfer radical polymerization directly to the steel or poly(ethylene therephtalate) surfaces. After each step, materials are analyzed by contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry.Steel surfaces which are functionalized by a glycopolymer and tested in presence of Bacillus subtilis are found to have antiadhesive properties. A most important effect is observed with the unprotected glycopolymer. Poly(ethylene terephtalate) surfaces have antiadhesive properties in presence of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphilococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa when poly(thymyl methacrylate) is grafted. An antibiofilm effect is observed with Staphilococcus aureus.Simultaneously, quaternary ammonium homopolymers and copolymers by integration of bioactive monomers have been obtained. Their antibacterial properties are tested in planctonik conditions in presence of Bacillus subtilis. A degree of polymerization equal to 78 and alkyl halide groups: iodomethane and bromoethane enabled to obtain the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration. Bioactive monomers contributed to emphasize this decrease. The most decreasing effect is obtained when one per cent of N-(4-hydroxy-3-méthoxy-benzyl)-acrylamide is integrated.

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