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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Adhésion sur les tissus biologiques / Adhesion onto biological tissues

Badie, Laetitia 07 October 2016 (has links)
L’utilisation des adhésifs dans le domaine médical prend de plus en plus de place jusqu’à leur utilisation par le grand public pour refermer certaines plaies superficielles. Les adhésifs les plus courants pour applications médicales sont formulés à partir d’hydrogel voire de silicone, prêts à l’emploi, très peu étant associés à une préparation particulière avant application comme c’est le cas dans le domaine dentaire avec l’utilisation de la photo-polymérisation. Notre travail de recherche a consisté à formuler des adhésifs photo-polymérisables permettant un collage résistant sur les tissus biologiques internes et à comprendre les mécanismes permettant d’aboutir à un collage de bonne qualité en tenant compte des contraintes fortes liées à l’application visée : (i) milieu humide dans lequel sera disposé l’adhésif, (ii) nature viscoélastique des tissus biologiques et (iii) facilité de mise en œuvre. L’ensemble des expériences a été mené sur un substrat considéré comme « modèle », le péricarde bovin, dont il a été montré que les propriétés mécaniques sont similaires à celles du péricarde humain. Ce travail a démontré que l’adhésion sur un tissu interne est dépendante de plusieurs paramètres. Pour assurer un bon collage, il est nécessaire que l’adhésif mouille le tissu biologique et pénètre suffisamment pour assurer un bon ancrage mécanique. De ce fait, des formulations adhésives à base d’acrylates de faible viscosité ont été réalisées. Nous avons montré que l’énergie d’adhésion développée diminue linéairement avec la viscosité de l’adhésif avant photo-polymérisation. Ce résultat a mené à l’hypothèse de la pénétration de l’adhésif dans le péricarde, validée par plusieurs techniques. Nous avons ainsi démontré le lien entre une adhésion forte sur un tissu biologique, la viscosité initiale de la solution adhésive et sa capacité à pénétrer le substrat. L’ensemble de ce travail a mené à la compréhension des mécanismes induits par le dépôt d’un monomère sur un substrat vivant et à des hypothèses sur la polymérisation de la couche adhésive et son interaction avec le substrat. Des expériences in-vivo sur différents organes de souris et de lapins ont permis de montrer des résultats prometteurs qui ne demandent qu’à être confirmés par une étude systématique à plus grande échelle. Enfin, une description phénoménologique est proposée au travers d’une équation simplifiée tenant compte de différents paramètres essentiels pour décrire les mécanismes en jeu. / Adhesives are more and more used by the public to seal superficial wounds. The current adhesives for medical use are formulated on the basis of hydrogels, silicon and are ready to use. Only a few of them are associated to a particular preparation before application as the dental adhesives. The main goals of this research were to formulate some photo-polymerizable adhesives which induce a permanent strong anchorage into the internal biological tissues and to understand the mechanisms leading to a good quality adhesion and respecting the high constraints of the application: (i) the wetness of the media in which the adhesive is deposited, (ii) the viscoelasticity of the biological tissues and (iii) the easiness of the set up. The whole experiments were done onto a substrate considered as a “model”, the bovine pericardium, which was demonstrated to have the same mechanical properties as the human pericardium. This study showed that the adhesion onto internal tissue depends on several parameters. To create the adhesion, the adhesive has to wet and penetrate deep enough the tissue to get a strong mechanical anchorage. Thus, some low viscous acrylate-based adhesive formulations were realized. A linear correlation was found between the viscosity of the formulation before photo-polymerization and the adhesion energy: as the viscosity increases, the adhesion energy decreases. This result led to the hypothesis of the penetration of the adhesive into the tissue, which was proven by different techniques. Finally, it was proven that a strong adhesion onto a biological tissue depends on the viscosity and its capability to penetrate the substrate. This whole work led to the understanding of the mechanisms induced by the deposit of a monomer onto a living substrate and to some hypotheses about the polymerization of the adhesive layer and its interaction with the substrate. Some in-vivo experiments onto internal organs of mice or rabbits have shown promising results which are to be confirmed by multiple other experiments. Finally, a phenomenological description is proposed through a simplified equation takin into account different essential parameters to describe the mechanisms taking part into this phenomenon.
12

Biomatériaux pour application chirurgicale : élaboration et fonctionnalisation pour une bioadhésion thermorégulée / Biomaterials for surgical application : elaboration and functionnalisation for a thermoregulated bioadhesion

Conzatti, Guillaume 20 October 2017 (has links)
Avec une mortalité après pancréatectomie de l'ordre de 5 % et une morbidité aux alentours de 50 %, la chirurgie pancréatique est l'une des plus délicates des interventions digestives. L'une des complications les plus graves est l'apparition de fistules pancréatiques (FP), c'est-à-dire un défaut d'imperméabilisation au niveau des sutures, impliquant une fuite enzymatique dans le milieu péritonéal qui peut engager le pronostic vital du patient. A ce jour, aucun dispositif médical n'est indiqué dans la prévention de ces FPs. Ainsi, ce projet a pour ambition de concevoir et de valider un biomatériau constitué d'une matrice absorbante qui assurera la double fonction d'éponge et de réservoir d'agent antibactérien, sur laquelle un greffage chimique devrait conférer des propriétés bioadhésives thermorégulées. La première partie de ce travail est consacrée à l'optimisation de la matrice absorbante, à base d'alginate et de chitosane, déjà développée lors d'une précédente thèse. Trois types de procédés de séchages ont été comparés : le séchage par évaporation, la lyophilisation et le séchage en milieu CO2 supercritique. Ces différents procédés conduisent à des matériaux de structures internes et de porosités différentes. L'impact de ces différences de structure a été évalué en termes de capacité de gonflement dans différents milieux, dont un milieu pancréatique simulé, mais aussi en termes de résistance enzymatique et de libération de principe actif. En tenant compte des résultats obtenus, le séchage par évaporation a été identifié comme le plus approprié pour la suite de l'étude. Dans une deuxième partie, du poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) a été synthétisé par polymérisation contrôlée (RAFT) afin d'être greffé sur la matrice absorbante. Le PNIPAM est un polymère thermosensible dont les propriétés bioadhésives sont directement dépendantes de la température. Ce polymère est généralement bioadhésif au-dessus de sa " lower critical solution température " (LCST), située aux alentours de 32 °C. Dans cette étude la masse molaire et la densité de greffage du PNIPAM sont les deux principaux paramètres étudiés pour son greffage sur les matrices. Enfin, les propriétés de surface des matrices greffées ont été caractérisées. Les matériaux ont montré, in vitro, des propriétés bioadhésives thermosensibles, avec une bioadhésion cellulaire observée principalement au-delà de la LCST. Les essais ex vivo ont cependant montré une bioadhésion sur organe plus importante en dessous de celle-ci. Cette étude a permis de mettre au point des biomatériaux absorbants aux propriétés de surface thermorégulées. Une compréhension plus fine des relations propriétés de surface/propriétés d'usage permettrait d'optimiser les propriétés de bioadhésion thermorégulée. / Pancreatic surgery, which leads to 5 % of mortality and around 50 % of morbidity, is one of the most critical digestive operations. The most serious complication is the appearance of pancreatic fistulas (PFs), i.e. enzymatic leaks from the surgical sutures to the peritoneal environment that can lead to the life threatening of the patient. To date, no medical device is indicated for the prevention of these FPs. The aim of this project is to design and validate a biomaterial constituted of a matrix that will ensure the dual function of absorbent and antibacterial agent reservoir, on which a chemical grafting should confer thermoregulated bioadhesive properties. The first part of this work is devoted to the optimisation of the absorbent matrix, based on alginate and chitosan, already developed during a previous thesis. Three types of drying processes were compared: drying by evaporation, lyophilisation and drying in supercritical CO2 medium. These different processes led to materials with different internal structures and porosities. The impact of these structures was evaluated in terms of swelling capacity in various media, including a simulated pancreatic environment, but also in terms of enzymatic resistance and release of an active molecule. Taking into account the obtained results, drying by evaporation was identified as the most appropriate process. In a second part, poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) was synthesised by controlled polymerisation (RAFT) in order to be grafted onto the absorbent matrix surfaces. PNIPAM is a thermosensitive polymer with bioadhesive properties which depend on the temperature. This polymer is usually bioadhesive above its lower critical solution temperature (LCST), around 32 ° C. In this study, the molar mass and the grafting density of PNIPAM are the two main parameters studied for the surface modifications. Finally, the surface properties of the grafted matrices were characterised. In vitro, the materials showed thermosensitive bioadhesive properties, with a cellular bioadhesion mainly observed above the LCST. However, ex vivo tests exhibited higher bioadhesion on porcine organs at lower temperatures. This study led to the development of absorbent biomaterials with thermoregulated surface properties. Further understanding of the relationship between surface properties and in vivo bioadhesion would allow the optimisation of the thermoregulated surface properties.
13

Robust Performance of Spider Viscid Silk During Prey Capture

Alicea-Serrano, Angela Maria 09 August 2022 (has links)
No description available.
14

Tampon-like Foam Structures for Bioresponsive Vaginal Drug Delivery Applications.

Mehta, Ankit N. 17 October 2014 (has links)
No description available.
15

Conception de surfaces superhydrophobes anti-bioadhésives / Design of anti-bioadhesive superhydrophobic surfaces

Tarrade, Jeanne 27 June 2014 (has links)
La contamination des matériaux par les bactéries est un processus naturel et spontané pouvant être à l’origine de graves infections. Actuellement, les techniques de lutte contre la biocontamination font appel à l’utilisation de matériaux biocides. Ces méthodes sont cependant sujettes à controverse puisqu’il a été mis en évidence qu’elles pouvaient être toxiques, que leur efficacité pouvait diminuer dans le temps et surtout qu’elles pouvaient participer à rendre les bactéries de plus en plus résistantes. La formation d’un biofilm impliquant l’adhésion des bactéries sur les surfaces, de nouvelles stratégies ont été développées par la conception de surfaces limitant leurs interactions avec les bactéries, telles que les surfaces anti-adhésives superhydrophobes. En effet, dans ce cas, l’adhésion est réduite par la présence d’une couche d’air entre les bactéries et la surface. Dans ce projet, deux matériaux ont été rendus superhydrophobes : un acier inoxydable 316 par électrodéposition de polymères hydrocarbonés ou fluorés dérivés du poly(3,4- éthylènedioxythiophène), et un PET par des traitements plasma successifs d’oxygène, de polypyrrole et de CF4. Le contrôle des paramètres expérimentaux ont permis d’obtenir des surfaces d’hydrophobie et de morphologie variables de façon à pouvoir étudier l’influence de ces propriétés physico-chimiques sur la bioadhésion et la formation de biofilm de trois souches bactériennes : P. aeruginosa, L. monocytogenes et S. aureus. Il a ainsi été mis en évidence, dans les conditions testées, l’importance de la présence de fonctions fluorées associée à une structuration contrôlée pour diminuer la biocontamination de surfaces. / Bacterial surface contamination is a natural and spontaneous process involved in serious infections. Currently, biocidal materials are used to avoid the biocontamination. However, these methods are not sufficient because of their toxicity, their loss of efficiency over time and mainly because they can make the bacteria more resistant.The biofilm formation involving the bacterial adhesion on surfaces, new strategies have been developed with the conception of surfaces reducing their interactions with bacteria, such as superhydrophobic surfaces. In fact, bacterial adhesion could be reduced by the presence of an air layer between superhydrophobic surface and bacteria. In this project, two substrates have been made superhydrophobic: 316 stainless steel by electrodeposition of hydrocarbon or fluorocarbon polymers, derived from poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene), and PET by successive plasma treatments of oxygen, polypyrrole and CF4. The control of experimental parameters led to different water repellency and surface morphologies, and allows the study of the effect of these physico-chemical properties on the bioadhesion and the biofilm formation with three bacteria: P. aeruginosa, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus. Thus, it has been shown the important role of fluorinated chains and controlled surface structures to reduce the surface biocontamination.
16

Microalgal Adhesion to Model Substrates / A Quantitative in vivo Study on the Biological Mechanisms and Surface Forces

Kreis, Christian Titus 16 November 2017 (has links)
No description available.
17

Effect of Tannic Acid on the Protective Properties of the in situ Formed Pellicle

Hertel, Susann, Pötschke, Sandra, Basche, Sabine, Delius, Judith, Hoth-Hannig, Wiebke, Hannig, Matthias, Hannig, Christian 22 May 2020 (has links)
Objectives: In the present in situ/ex vivo study the impact of tannic acid on the erosion-protective properties of the enamel pellicle was tested. Additionally, the antiadherent and antibacterial effects of tannic acid were evaluated. Methods: The pellicle was formed in situ on bovine enamel samples fixed on individual splints worn by 6 subjects. Following 1 min of pellicle formation the volunteers rinsed for 10 min with tannic acid. After further oral exposure for 19 min, 109 min, and 8 h overnight, respectively, slabs were incubated in HCl ex vivo (pH 2.0, 2.3, 3.0) over 120 s. Subsequently, kinetics of calcium and phosphate release were measured photometrically. Samples after a 1-min fluoride mouth rinse as well as enamel samples with and without a 30-min in situ pellicle served as controls. Antiadherent effects were evaluated after a 1-min rinse with tannic acid and oral exposure of the slabs overnight. DAPI (4 ′ ,6-diamidino2-phenylindole) combined with concanavalin A staining and live/dead staining was used for fluorescence microscopic visualization and quantification of adherent bacteria and glucans. Modification of the pellicle’s ultrastructure by tannic acid was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: Tannic acid significantly improved the erosion-protective properties of the pellicle in a pH-dependent manner. Bacterial adherence and glucan formation on enamel were significantly reduced after rinses with tannic acid as investigated by fluorescence microscopy. TEM imaging indicated that rinsing with tannic acid yielded a sustainable modification of the pellicle; it was distinctly more electron dense. Conclusion: Tannic acid offers an effective and sustainable approach for the prevention of caries and erosion.
18

Effect of Conventional Mouthrinses on Initial Bioadhesion to Enamel and Dentin in situ

Hannig, C., Gaeding, A., Basche, S., Richter, G., Helbig, R., Hannig, M. 04 August 2020 (has links)
Aim: The study aimed to investigate the effect of a customary fluoride solution, containing sodium fluoride and amine fluoride, on initial biofilm formation on enamel and dentin in situ compared directly to chlorhexidine. Methods: Bovine enamel and dentin specimens were mounted on maxillary splints carried by 9 subjects. After 1 min of pellicle formation, rinses with tap water (control), chlorhexidine (meridol med CHX 0.2%, GABA) and a fluoride mouthrinse (elmex, GABA) were performed for 1 min. Subsequently, the slabs were carried for another 8 h. The adherent bacteria were determined by DAPI staining, live-dead staining and determination of colony-forming units after desorption; glucan formation was visualized with concanavalin A. Additionally, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis of the in situ biofilm layers was conducted, and contact angle measurements were performed. Statistical evaluation was performed by means of the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.05). Results: In the control group, significantly higher amounts of adherent bacteria were detected on dentin (4.8 x 10⁶ ± 5.4 x 10⁶ bacteria/cm²) than on enamel (1.2 x 10⁶ ± 1.5 x 10⁶ bacteria/cm² , DAPI). Chlorhexidine significantly reduced the amount of adherent bacteria (dentin: 2.8 x 10⁵ ± 3.4 x 10⁵ bacteria/cm² ; enamel: 4.2 x 10⁵ ± 8.7 x 10⁵ bacteria/cm²). Rinses with the fluoride solution also significantly reduced bacterial adherence to dentin (8.1 x 10⁵ ± 1.5 x 10⁶ bacteria/cm²). Fluoride could not be detected by EDX analysis of the biofilms. Fluoride mouthrinsing did not influence the wettability of the pellicle-covered enamel surface. Conclusion: In addition to the reduction of demineralization and antibacterial effects, fluorides inhibit initial biofilm formation on dental hard tissues considerably, especially on dentin.
19

Direct and indirect effects of different dentifrices on the initial bacterial colonization of enamel in situ overnight

Rosenauer, Tobias, Basche, Sabine, Flemming, Jasmin, Hannig, Christian, König, Belinda, Hannig, Matthias 19 March 2024 (has links)
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect influence of fluoridated toothpastes and fluoride-free toothpaste with hydroxyapatite (HAP) as active ingredient on initial bacterial colonization on enamel in situ. Methods: For this clinical-experimental pilot study, eight subjects were instructed to brush their teeth with three different toothpastes (Elmex®: 1400 ppm AmF, Meridol®: 1400 ppm AmF +SnF2, Karex®: HAP), using each for two consecutive days. As a control, brushing without toothpaste was performed. To evaluate bacterial colonization, subject wore splints with buccally placed bovine enamel platelets overnight. Two modes were tested. In a first pass (regimen A), the splints were inserted after toothbrushing to examine the indirect effects of the dentifrices. In order to investigate the direct effects, the specimens were brushed in situ in a second pass (regimen B). Biofilm formation was visualized and quantified using fluorescence microscopy (DAPI and BacLight) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: For brushing regimen A (indirect effect of dentifrices), no statistical differences were detected between any of the tested dentifrices or the control. Likewise, no statistically significant differences were recorded for brushing regimen B (direct effect of dentifrices). Furthermore, no differences between the different brushing techniques were determined with regard to the ultrastructure of the overnight biofilm. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present pilot study, it can be concluded that in patients with good oral hygiene, dentifrices and their chemical composition have no statistically significant effect on the initial bacterial colonization of enamel platelets in situ, irrespectively of the mode of application.
20

Effet des chaînes de poly(4-vinylpyridinium) sur l'adhésion de bactéries pathogènes aux surfaces

Racicot Guérard, Roxane January 2008 (has links)
Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

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