En France, l'éducation à la biodiversité est devenue une priorité au regard de la dégradation de la diversité biologique. À l'école primaire, elle est rattachée à la fois aux disciplines scientifiques et au développement durable. Les apprentissages attendus suivent essentiellement deux dimensions : les savoirs bio-écologiques et les comportements escomptés reliés à ces savoirs. Cependant, de nombreuses recherches font apparaître l'importance de la dimension affective dans ces apprentissages notamment au regard du rapport émotionnel entretenu avec les objets d'étude. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse explore les dimensions cognitive, affective et comportementale des apprentissages en éducation à la biodiversité. Le champ de recherche est restreint à l'étude d'arthropodes à l'école primaire. Comment la description et l'analyse de trois dimensions : savoir, affectivité et comportements permettent-elles de comprendre la construction des apprentissages en éducation à la biodiversité dans le cas de l'étude d'arthropodes à l'école primaire ? Pour répondre à cette question, le cadre conceptuel s'appuie sur l'analyse des savoirs, sur le modèle de la maturité affective vis-à-vis des objets étudiés et sur l'opérationalisation des comportements par les prises de position et intentions d'agir. Quatre objectifs sont poursuivis pour répondre à cette question : décrire et analyser chacune des trois dimensions, dégager les corrélations éventuelles entre les trois dimensions, identifier des profils particuliers d'apprenants, vérifier les effets d'une étude des arthropodes sur les apprentissages selon ces trois dimensions. La méthodologie utilisée suit deux perspectives : quantitative par une analyse multivariée des réponses à un questionnaire et qualitative par une analyse de réponses à la suite d'entretiens semi-dirigés. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de clarifier les trois dimensions considérées et d'éclairer leur articulation. La mesure et l'analyse de chaque dimension ont montré des différences significatives en fonction du type d'enseignement reçu en classe. Entre les dimensions analysées il existe des corrélations remarquables entre les savoirs, la maturité affective et les comportements. Des profils particuliers d'apprenants inter-reliant savoirs et affectivité ont pu être identifiés, ainsi que des profils généraux impliquant les trois dimensions. Nous avons pu constater l'importance de la relation affective avec les objets d'apprentissage qui, loin de perturber l'appropriation des savoirs aurait au contraire tendance à les renforcer tout en contribuant à construire des comportements citoyens et responsables. / In France, biodiversity education appears as a priority linked with the degradation of biodiversity. The biodiversity education in primary school is attached to both the scientific topics and sustainable development. The expected learning follows two basic dimensions: bio-ecological knowledges and behaviors related to the expected knowledges. However, numerous studies show the significance of affective dimension in learning, especially regarding the emotional relationship with the objects of study. In this context, this thesis explores the cognitive, affective and behavioral learning in biodiversity education. The search field is restricted to the study of arthropods in primary school. How the description and analysis of three dimensions: knowledge, emotions and behaviors allow to understand construction of learning in biodiversity education in the case of the study of arthropods in elementary school? To answer this question, conceptual framework is based on the analysis of knowledges, on the model of emotional maturity with the studied objects and the operationalization of behavior by positions and intentions to act. Four aims are proceeded to answer this issue: describe and analyze each of the three dimensions in the context of the study of arthropods in classroom, identify possible correlations between these three dimensions, identify specific patterns of learners and verify the effects of a study of arthropods on learning, according to these three dimensions. The methodology follows two perspectives: a quantitative multivariate analysis of survey responses and a qualitative analysis of answers during semi-structured interviews. The results of this study have clarified the three-dimensional knowledge, emotions and behaviors and highlighted the interplay between their relations. The measurement and analysis of each dimension pointed significant differences depending on the type of instruction received in classroom. There are significant correlations between scientific knowledge, emotional maturity and behavior according to the type of education. Specific profiles of learners linking knowledges and emotions have been identified, as well as general patterns involving the three dimensions. We noted the importance of emotional relationship with the learning objects that, instead of disrupting the knowledge, would rather tend to strengthen them while contributing to build citizenship and responsible behavior.

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L’éducation à la biodiversité, au sein de l’éducation au développement durable connait de nombreuses difficultés du fait de la nature complexe de ce concept et des savoirs associés qui ne sont pas stabilisés. Les intentions éducatives des enseignants de l’école primaire, porteuses de valeurs, entrainent des choix didactiques spécifiques. Les différentes stratégies didactiques mises en œuvre pour aborder cette éducation ont des effets différents sur les apprentissages des connaissances et des comportements. Nous cherchons à mettre en évidence dans cette recherche les liens entre les intentions éducatives des enseignants et les apprentissages effectifs des élèves en fin de scolarité primaire (cycle 3). / Biodiversity education, within sustainable development education, is problematic because the complex nature of this concept and the unstable nature of the knowledge. The teacher’s educational intentions in primary school blear many values and lead to specific didactic choices. Different strategies used to convey this education have different effects on the learning acquisition: knowledge and behaviour. In this research we want to underline the links between the teacher educational intentions and the pupils’ real learning at the end of primary school.

As we come to the end of the decade declared as United Nations Decade for Biodiversity 2011-2020, the impact humans are having our planet is clear. The current primary school children are the future decision makers, consumers and electors; therefore, they must be exposed to approaches that can assist development that is sustainable and that will prevent further degradation of our planet. A key way to achieve this is to transform the education current and future generations of children will receive. Education must address sustainable development to support the formation of responsible citizens, eager to actively engage in decision-making processes, environmental issues and societal matters. This can be assisted through a focus on a specific approach to Education for Sustainable Development, Biodiversity Education. To add to current research about this approach to ESD, I investigated the effect biodiversity education had on the sustainability consciousness of primary school children. I chose a qualitative method of data collection and analysis through focus group, semi-structured interviews with 5th class students. The results showed that the participants' sustainability awareness, regarding two of the three dimensions of sustainable development, was highly developed; the environmental dimension and the social dimension. There was less evidence of a consciousness for the economic dimension of SD. Therefore, biodiversity education had a positive influence on the participants' sustainability consciousness, making them more aware of sustainability issues and action-oriented to address these issues. However, they lacked one dimension of sustainability; therefore, their sustainability consciousness was not fully developed. Further research is needed to analysis and interpret the rationale as to why the economic dimension was less developed in these participants who attended a school that promotes biodiversity education.

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