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Socialt lärande - arbetet i fritidshemmetJonsson, Kristina January 2018 (has links)
The aim of this thesis is to contribute with knowledge about the leisure time centre staff’s perspectives on their work, specifically focusing on pupils’ social learning. The interest is directed at the Swedish leisure time centre for the public school’s early years. Two research questions were used to reach the aim. The first question concerns the knowledge and abilities by staff considered important in pupils’ social learning. The second question concerns the staff’s work with promoting these knowledge and abilities. With a standpoint in the staff’s descriptions, focus was to highlight what they consider as important work, as well as how and why the activities are directed the way they are. The study has been conducted as an interview study, with leisure time centre staff participating in group interviews. The theoretical point of departure is Bronfenbrenners bioecological systems theory. Through that the leisure time centre activities can be understood as the interaction of different factors, influencing and controlling the staff’s decisions concerning, both direct and distant. This licentiate thesis consists of two publications. The first publication, the anthology chapter Social learning in the leisure time centre: staff perspectives (Jonsson, 2017), answers the question of what knowledge and abilities staff consider important in social learning. The second publication, Promoting social learning in the Swedish leisure time centre (Jonsson & Lillvist, re-submitted) answers the question of how social learning is promoted and why the activities are directed the way they are. The results show consistent descriptions of what is considered important in pupils’ social learning. The pupils’ common and individual security is, by the staff, considered to be the basis of social learning and with that in focus, empathy, communication and responsibility are outpointed as important factors. Responsibility is particularly emphasised and the staff stress the pupils’ ability to take responsibility of their words and actions, which in turn is said to be facilitated by the pupils’ empathic ability. The various factors can thus be regarded as interacting in pupils’ social learning. Collaborative activities are stressed as beneficial and the staff see their own indicative role as important. In this the daily dialogue with the pupils is emphasised. However, the structural conditions appear to be partly obstructive. Further appearing is the staff’s perspective of social learning as a topic not needed to be talked about, based on the belief that the everyday practice is grounded on shared values. The implications of the study are that social learning needs to be discussed, both in the immediate working group with the support of the principal, as well as at municipal and national level. / Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med ökad kunskap om fritidshemspersonals perspektiv på sitt arbete, med särskilt fokus på elevers sociala lärande. Intresset riktas mot fritidshemmet för grundskolans tidiga åldrar. Två forskningsfrågor har använts för att nå syftet. Den första frågan rör de kunskaper och förmågor som av personalen betraktas som viktiga i elevers sociala lärande. Den andra frågan rör personalens arbete med att främja dessa kunskaper och förmågor. Med utgångspunkt i personalens beskrivningar har fokus varit att belysa vad som är betydelsefullt i arbetet, samt hur och varför verksamheten utformas så som den gör. Studien har genomförts som en intervjustudie, där fritidshemspersonal har deltagit i gruppintervjuer. Det teoretiska perspektivet är Bronfenbrenners bioekologiska systemteori. Genom det kan fritidshemmets verksamhet förstås som interaktionen mellan olika faktorer som påverkar och styr personalens beslut, både direkt och indirekt. Licentiatuppsatsen består av två publikationer. Den första publikationen, antologikapitlet Socialt lärande i fritidshemmet: personalens perspektiv (Jonsson, 2017) besvarar forskningsfrågan om vilka kunskaper och förmågor som av personalen anses betydelsefulla i det sociala lärandet. Den andra publikationen, Promoting social learning in the Swedish leisure time centre (Jonsson & Lillvist, resubmitted) besvarar forskningsfrågan om hur personalen anser att det sociala lärandet främjas och varför verksamheten utformas som den gör. Resultatet visar samstämmighet i personalens beskrivningar av vad som är viktigt i elevers sociala lärande. Elevernas gemensamma och individuella trygghet utgör, enligt personalen, grunden för det sociala lärandet och med det i fokus framhålls empati, kommunikation och ansvar som betydelsefulla faktorer. Ansvar betonas särskilt och personalen understryker att elevernas förmåga att ta ansvar för sina ord och handlingar, har stor betydelse för tryggheten i gruppen. Därigenom sägs en respektfull kommunikation kunna ske, vilket i sin tur även sägs underlättas av elevernas empatiska förmåga. De olika faktorerna kan därmed betraktas som samverkande med varandra i elevers sociala lärande. Samarbetsfrämjande aktiviteter lyfts fram som fördelaktiga och personalen ser sin egen vägledande roll som betydelsefull. I detta betonas det dagliga samtalet med eleverna som särskilt viktigt. Emellertid framträder de strukturella förutsättningarna till viss del som hindrande, både vad gäller att planera och att genomföra genomtänkta aktiviteter i verksamheten. Det framkommer också att personalen inte anser det nödvändigt att tala om det sociala lärandet, ett uttalande som tar utgångspunkt i att det dagliga arbetet sker utifrån en gemensam värdegrund. Studiens implikationer är att det sociala lärandet behöver diskuteras, såväl i den närmaste arbetsgruppen med stöd av rektor, som på kommunal och nationell nivå.
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Att hjälpa alla elever nå målen : En holistisk och kontextuell specialpedagogisk studie om lärarnas önskemål och behovMesumbe, Iris January 2014 (has links)
There is a discrepancy between national school guidelines towards inclusive education, and the current political trend towards economic efficacy, that may be problematic for teachers. The aim of this contextual study is to formulate a contextual understanding of the participating teachers’ perceptions of their effort to help all their students achieve the goals set forth by school curricula, and use this understanding for the purpose of suggesting points of entry for special needs educators´ guidance of teachers’ practices towards more inclusive education. Information was gathered by sending an extensive web questionnaire to all teachers within a given headmaster´s administration, sending web questionnaires to a majority of third grade students taught by those teachers, conducting interviews with a few of the participating teachers as well as with the special needs educators, carrying out a classroom observation, and gathering additional information concerning working conditions and social interactions. The data gathered in this case study has been subjected to an analytical process comprising of an assessment of the degree of inclusive approach, using the Inclusive Approach through Participation as well as the Framework of Participation, technical triangulation of all data post the inclusive assessment, and analysis of context by the Ecology of Human Development/the Bioecological Theory. The analytical process has resulted in a contextual description that has enabled me to suggest possible points of entry to be used in special needs educators’ guidance of teachers’ practices towards inclusive education. The degree to which there exists a collegial sense of security, varied forms of teacher-student interactions, collegial cooperation, pedagogical discussions, a dialogue in search of mutual understanding, and consequent follow-ups appears, in the light of the limited selection of participants, as relevant to these teachers ability to help their students. Further research is needed to identify valid points of entry for special needs educators’ guidance of teachers’ practices towards inclusive education. This contextual study will hopefully inspire further research into teachers´ perceptions of their work to facilitate implementation of inclusive education and thereby improve every student´s ability to achieve the set goals.
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