Orientador : Benedicto de Campos Vidal / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-17T14:21:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Telis_CeliaMariaTurri_M.pdf: 2474872 bytes, checksum: c96f1e23a463fb24e21c2c5325d53c46 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1979 / Resumo: A Ciclofosfamida é uma agente alquilante que inibe a síntese de ácidos mucleicos e portanto reduz o número de células que estão se dividindo. Vários tecidos sofrem o efeito tóxico desta droga, principalmente bexiga, trato gastrintestinal e medula óssea. No estudo citológico da medula óssea, observou-se que 24 horas após o uso de Ciclofosfamida, a celularidade total diminuiu intensamente e restaram apenas neutrófilos maduros, eritroblastos ortocromáticos, linfócitos, plasmócitos e histiócitos. Na análise citofotométrica da série vermelha verificou-se que a quase totalidade dos eritroblastos estavam na fase G1 do ciclo celular. Persistiram portanto, somente células que não se multiplicam mais e que por isso não sofrem ação da droga. No grupo de ratos sacrificado após 72 horas do uso de Ciclofosfamia, houve regeneração celular, às custas, principalmente, da série granulocítica, o que foi visto pelo grande número de mieloblastos e pró-melócitos. Observou-se também o aparecimento de eritroblastos jovens (pró-eritroblastos e eritroblastos basófilos) com características megaloblásticas e que apresentaram valores Feulgen/DNA muito baixos, ou seja, eram hipodiplóides. O achado de células com conteúdo de DNA inferior ao do grupo controle foi interpretado como decorrente de inibição parcial da síntese de DNA pela Ciclofosfamia. Ela teria causado quebras cromossômicas e as células -filhas receberam menor quantidade de material genético... Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Ciências Biológicas

Competition studies with soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merr. "Bragg." and sicklepod, Cassia obtusifolia L., were conducted at the Agricultural Research and Education Center of the University of Florida in Quincy, Florida. Two field experiments were established, one on May 22, 1975. and the other four weeks later, on June 19, 1975, to determine the competitive effects of various sicklepod densities and the influences of soybean row distances on weed dry matter, soybear plant characteristics, yield components and seed yield, and on soil nutrient content. Control, low, medium, and high sicklepod densities in the first experiment were O, 25,000, 53,000, and 77,000 p1ants/ha, respectively; while the second experiment presented control, low, medium, and high sicklepod densities of O, 36,000, 68,000, and 122,000 plants/ha, respectively. Three soybean row distance treatments were tested using a constant pattern of 90-, 60-, and 45-cm widths throughout the growing season. Three other treatments, evaluated in a variable patern, were initially seeded in 30-cm row widths. Five weeks after planting, an appropriate number of soybean rows were harvested from the 30"cm pattern to establish row distances of 90, 60, and 30-60 cm for the remainder of the season. ln the greenhouse a test was conducted to evaluate the effects af those variables on seed germination and seedling vigor for the next soybean generation. As a result of full-season sicklepod competition, soybean plants were less branched, set fewer leaves, and presented thinner stems as compared to the control. However, height of soybean plants was not affected by the presence of sicklepod. ln one of the two experiments, number of nodes decreased for soybeans under weed campetition. The yield components--number of pods; number of seeds, and seed yield per soybean plant--were all similarly reduced due to weed competition. Seeds per pod were decreased to a lesser extent. Soybean seed yields per unit area were significantly diminished by increasing levels af sicklepod ínfestation. While the control produced 3120 kg/ha, the sicklepod densities of 25,000, 53,000, and 77,000 plants/ha reduced seed yíelds 47, 65, and 73%, respectively. As soybean row distances decreased, number of branches, number of leaves, and stem diameter of soybeans decreased. However, the height of soybean plants increased with narrwing of row width. The components of seed yield--number of pods, number of seeds, and seed yield per soybean plant--diminished as row spacing was reduced. Maximum difference between row distances for these attributes was attained for soybean plants under weed-free conditions. Generally, as row width decreased, soybean seed yield per unit area increased. Specifically, soybear.s in 90-cm rows, either in constant or variable row pattern, yielded less than soybeans in 60- and 30-60-cm rows in the variable pattern. Soil contents of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were not affected by the various levels of sicklepod and soybean populalions. Neither the sicklepod densities nor the soybean row distances influenced seed germination and seedling vigor in the next soybean generation. Sicklepod was a strong competitor with soybeans at all density ranges investigated. Because sicklepod grows taller than soybeans during the reproductive stages of the crop, limited success can be reached by varying row spacing alone. However, this practice is considered an integral measure to complement other methods of sicklepod control. Compared to constant rows, the soybean cropping system using variable row spacings presents the choice of planting soybeans at close row spacings to provide early competition with weeds and the possibility of obtaining a forage crop after the first month of growth, without any decreases on the final seed yields.

Competition studies with soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merr. "Bragg." and sicklepod, Cassia obtusifolia L., were conducted at the Agricultural Research and Education Center of the University of Florida in Quincy, Florida. Two field experiments were established, one on May 22, 1975. and the other four weeks later, on June 19, 1975, to determine the competitive effects of various sicklepod densities and the influences of soybean row distances on weed dry matter, soybear plant characteristics, yield components and seed yield, and on soil nutrient content. Control, low, medium, and high sicklepod densities in the first experiment were O, 25,000, 53,000, and 77,000 p1ants/ha, respectively; while the second experiment presented control, low, medium, and high sicklepod densities of O, 36,000, 68,000, and 122,000 plants/ha, respectively. Three soybean row distance treatments were tested using a constant pattern of 90-, 60-, and 45-cm widths throughout the growing season. Three other treatments, evaluated in a variable patern, were initially seeded in 30-cm row widths. Five weeks after planting, an appropriate number of soybean rows were harvested from the 30"cm pattern to establish row distances of 90, 60, and 30-60 cm for the remainder of the season. ln the greenhouse a test was conducted to evaluate the effects af those variables on seed germination and seedling vigor for the next soybean generation. As a result of full-season sicklepod competition, soybean plants were less branched, set fewer leaves, and presented thinner stems as compared to the control. However, height of soybean plants was not affected by the presence of sicklepod. ln one of the two experiments, number of nodes decreased for soybeans under weed campetition. The yield components--number of pods; number of seeds, and seed yield per soybean plant--were all similarly reduced due to weed competition. Seeds per pod were decreased to a lesser extent. Soybean seed yields per unit area were significantly diminished by increasing levels af sicklepod ínfestation. While the control produced 3120 kg/ha, the sicklepod densities of 25,000, 53,000, and 77,000 plants/ha reduced seed yíelds 47, 65, and 73%, respectively. As soybean row distances decreased, number of branches, number of leaves, and stem diameter of soybeans decreased. However, the height of soybean plants increased with narrwing of row width. The components of seed yield--number of pods, number of seeds, and seed yield per soybean plant--diminished as row spacing was reduced. Maximum difference between row distances for these attributes was attained for soybean plants under weed-free conditions. Generally, as row width decreased, soybean seed yield per unit area increased. Specifically, soybear.s in 90-cm rows, either in constant or variable row pattern, yielded less than soybeans in 60- and 30-60-cm rows in the variable pattern. Soil contents of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were not affected by the various levels of sicklepod and soybean populalions. Neither the sicklepod densities nor the soybean row distances influenced seed germination and seedling vigor in the next soybean generation. Sicklepod was a strong competitor with soybeans at all density ranges investigated. Because sicklepod grows taller than soybeans during the reproductive stages of the crop, limited success can be reached by varying row spacing alone. However, this practice is considered an integral measure to complement other methods of sicklepod control. Compared to constant rows, the soybean cropping system using variable row spacings presents the choice of planting soybeans at close row spacings to provide early competition with weeds and the possibility of obtaining a forage crop after the first month of growth, without any decreases on the final seed yields.

Competition studies with soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merr. "Bragg." and sicklepod, Cassia obtusifolia L., were conducted at the Agricultural Research and Education Center of the University of Florida in Quincy, Florida. Two field experiments were established, one on May 22, 1975. and the other four weeks later, on June 19, 1975, to determine the competitive effects of various sicklepod densities and the influences of soybean row distances on weed dry matter, soybear plant characteristics, yield components and seed yield, and on soil nutrient content. Control, low, medium, and high sicklepod densities in the first experiment were O, 25,000, 53,000, and 77,000 p1ants/ha, respectively; while the second experiment presented control, low, medium, and high sicklepod densities of O, 36,000, 68,000, and 122,000 plants/ha, respectively. Three soybean row distance treatments were tested using a constant pattern of 90-, 60-, and 45-cm widths throughout the growing season. Three other treatments, evaluated in a variable patern, were initially seeded in 30-cm row widths. Five weeks after planting, an appropriate number of soybean rows were harvested from the 30"cm pattern to establish row distances of 90, 60, and 30-60 cm for the remainder of the season. ln the greenhouse a test was conducted to evaluate the effects af those variables on seed germination and seedling vigor for the next soybean generation. As a result of full-season sicklepod competition, soybean plants were less branched, set fewer leaves, and presented thinner stems as compared to the control. However, height of soybean plants was not affected by the presence of sicklepod. ln one of the two experiments, number of nodes decreased for soybeans under weed campetition. The yield components--number of pods; number of seeds, and seed yield per soybean plant--were all similarly reduced due to weed competition. Seeds per pod were decreased to a lesser extent. Soybean seed yields per unit area were significantly diminished by increasing levels af sicklepod ínfestation. While the control produced 3120 kg/ha, the sicklepod densities of 25,000, 53,000, and 77,000 plants/ha reduced seed yíelds 47, 65, and 73%, respectively. As soybean row distances decreased, number of branches, number of leaves, and stem diameter of soybeans decreased. However, the height of soybean plants increased with narrwing of row width. The components of seed yield--number of pods, number of seeds, and seed yield per soybean plant--diminished as row spacing was reduced. Maximum difference between row distances for these attributes was attained for soybean plants under weed-free conditions. Generally, as row width decreased, soybean seed yield per unit area increased. Specifically, soybear.s in 90-cm rows, either in constant or variable row pattern, yielded less than soybeans in 60- and 30-60-cm rows in the variable pattern. Soil contents of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were not affected by the various levels of sicklepod and soybean populalions. Neither the sicklepod densities nor the soybean row distances influenced seed germination and seedling vigor in the next soybean generation. Sicklepod was a strong competitor with soybeans at all density ranges investigated. Because sicklepod grows taller than soybeans during the reproductive stages of the crop, limited success can be reached by varying row spacing alone. However, this practice is considered an integral measure to complement other methods of sicklepod control. Compared to constant rows, the soybean cropping system using variable row spacings presents the choice of planting soybeans at close row spacings to provide early competition with weeds and the possibility of obtaining a forage crop after the first month of growth, without any decreases on the final seed yields.

[pt] A Web Semântica permite a divulgação de dados na Internet através de um formato comum com o objetivo de integrar ou combinar bases de dados provenientes de diversas fontes. O Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA possui várias coleções de dados, principalmente científicos, que podem ser divulgadas e utilizadas na pesquisa e desenvolvimento da Amazônia e para o progresso da ciência. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar como a utilização das tecnologias da Web Semântica, dentre elas os recursos da ferramenta Rexplorator, pode melhorar o processo de pesquisa, através do processamento da semântica, das coleções de dados biológicos do instituto. A abordagem utilizada é de desenvolver casos de uso junto com os próprios pesquisadores, através de operações simples em cima dos modelos RDFS (Resource Description Framework Schema) das próprias bases. Os casos de uso poderão ser reutilizados por outros pesquisadores, inclusive de domínios de pesquisa diferentes. Neste processo de reutilização é possível que os casos de uso sejam customizados e evoluídos colaborativamente no próprio ambiente em que foram desenvolvidos. Como resultado do processo são geradas aplicações Web que abstraem os modelos RDF (Resource Description Framework) nos quais os dados estão representados tornando possível o acesso às informações por outros pesquisadores que não conhecem esses modelos. Essa facilidade de acesso, além de permitir consultas a bases semânticas por usuários leigos em um dado domínio de pesquisa, também visa permitir que pesquisadores possam realizar consultas transdisciplinares enriquecendo sua visão no desenvolvimento da pesquisa, bem como seu poder nas tomadas de decisões políticas, econômicas e sociais, e, consequentemente, uma melhor gestão do conhecimento. / [en] The Semantic Web enables the dissemination of data on the Internet through a common format in order to integrate or combine databases from different sources. The National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA) has several collections of data, mainly scientific, that can be disclosed and used in the research and development of the Amazon as well as for the advancement of science. The objective of this study is to investigate how the use of Semantic Web technologies, among them the tool Rexplorator, can improve the research process by processing the semantics in collections of biological data. Use cases are developed with input from INPA researchers. Queries are constructed based on RDFS (Resource Description Framework Schema) created for INPAs existing collections. Use cases can be reused by other researchers, including researchers from different fields. In this process of reuse, the customization and collaborative development of use cases is possible. The result of this process is the generation of Web applications that abstract the RDF model on which data are represented. Consequently, other researchers unfamiliar with the RDF model are also able to access information. In addition to enabling semantic queries in databases by lay users in a given field of research, this ease of access enables researchers to make transdisciplinary queries enriching their vision of research development, as well as their power in political, economic and social decision-making, and hence better knowledge management.

Durante a etapa de pre-tratamento acido, necessaria para o rompimento da matriz lignocelulosica e liberacao de acucares, diversos compostos toxicos sao formados e liberados no hidrolisado hemicelulosico. Estes compostos afetam negativamente o processo de fermentacao, sendo necessaria uma etapa de destoxificacao do hidrolisado hemicelulosico. Este trabalho teve como objetivo contribuir para o desenvolvimento de um metodo de destoxificacao biologica do hidrolisado hemicelulosico. Com este proposito foram selecionadas leveduras, em meio de cultura sintetico, capazes de utilizar furfural, 5- hidroximetilfurfural (HMF), acido acetico, acido ferulico e siringaldeido como fontes de carbono e energia. As leveduras Issatchenkia occidentalis M1 e Issatchenkia occidentalis Y1\'a foram as que demonstraram os melhores resultados de remocao destes compostos em meio de cultura sintetico e consequentemente foram as selecionadas para os experimentos que foram realizados em hidrolisado hemicelulosico de bagaco de cana-de-acucar concentrado. Em um segundo momento, foi verificado a eficiencia na destoxificacao biologica do hidrolisado hemicelulosico para futuras aplicacoes em processos fermentativos de producao de etanol. Para cada levedura selecionada foi realizado um planejamento fatorial completo 22, com tres repeticoes no ponto central. As variaveis, pH (4,0 ou 5,0) e agitacao do sistema (100 rpm ou 300 rpm), foram avaliados e como variavel resposta foi considerada a porcentagem da remocao de HMF, furfural, acido acetico e fenois do hidrolisado hemicelulosico apos 96 horas de tratamento biologico. A partir dos resultados obtidos constatou-se que para a estirpe de Issatchenkia occidentalis M1 o experimento 4 (pH 5,0 e 300 rpm) foi o que possibilitou uma remocao mais eficiente de cerca de 42,89% dos compostos toxicos totais, sendo 94,77% de HMF 99,19% de furfural, 29,17% de fenois e 100% de acido acetico. Para a estirpe de Issatchenkia occidentalis Y1\'a o experimento 3 (pH 4,0 e 300rpm) foi o que permitiu uma remocao mais significatica de cerca de 46,04% dos compostos toxicos totais, sendo 97,68% de HMF, 96,06% de furfural, 27,15% de fenois e 100% de acido acetico. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho demonstram o potencial das leveduras Issatchenkia occidentalis M1 e Issatchenkia occidentalis Y1\'a no tratamento biologico do hidrolisado hemicelulosico para a remocao de compostos toxicos liberados pela etapa de pre-tratamento acido. / During the acid pretreatment step, required for the disruption of the lignocelluloses matrix and sugars release, several toxic compounds are produced and released in the hemicellulosic hydrolyzates. These compounds negatively affects the fermentation process, being necessary an additional step for detoxification of the hemicellulosic hydrolysates. The present work aimed to contribute for the development of a biological detoxification method of the hemicellulosic hydrolysates. For this purpose yeasts were selected, in synthetic culture medium, capable to metabolize furfural, 5- hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), acetic acid, ferulic acid and syringaldehyde as carbon and energy sources. The yeasts Issatchenkia occidentalis M1 and Issatchenkia occidentalis Y1\'a demonstrated the best results to remove these compounds present in medium and they were selected to the experiments that had been carried through in concentrated sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolyzates. In a second moment, the efficiency of the biological detoxification of the hemicellulosic hydrolyzates was verified for future applications in fermentative processes for ethanol production. For each selected yeast, a 22 full factorial design was carried out. The variables, pH (4.0 or 5.0) and agitation rate (100 rpm or 300 rpm), had been evaluated and as response variable was considered the percentage of HMF, furfural, acetic acid and phenols removed from hemicellulosic hydrolyzates after 96 hours of biological treatment. According with the results, was evidenced that Issatchenkia occidentalis M1 strain, in the experiment conditions 4 (pH 5.0 and 300 rpm), was more efficient removals (about 42.89% of total toxic composites), being 94.77% of HMF, 99.19% of furfural, 29.17% of phenols and 100% of acetic acid. For the Issatchenkia occidentalis Y1\'a strain, in the experiment conditions 3 (pH 4.0 and 300 rpm) was observed significant removal (about 46.04% of total toxic composites), being 97.68% of HMF, 96.06% of furfural, 27.15% of phenols and 100% of acetic acid. The results demonstrate the potential of the yeasts Issatchenkia occidentalis M1 and Issatchenkia occidentalis Y1\'a in the biological detoxification of the sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolyzates for removing the toxic compounds released during the acid pretreatment step.

Orientador: Alexander Christian Vibrans. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Florestal) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Os nudibrânquios gastrópodes são carnívoros e muitas espécies têm dietas especializadas, consumindo uma única ou poucas espécies de esponjas marinhas. No Brasil não existe, até o momento, nenhum estudo específico sobre a ecologia das espécies de nudibrânquios abordando qualquer interação com outros grupos de animais marinhos. Também não existem estudos sobre ensaios biológicos que avaliem o comportamento alimentar e a mediação química existente entre os nudibrânquios e suas presas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: a) registrar in situ a predação de nudibrânquios doridáceos sobre esponjas marinhas no litoral do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, identificar as espécies envolvidas, e comparar com os padrões de alimentação observados em outras regiões do mundo e b) avaliar o comportamento de quimiotaxia positiva de nudibrânquios em relação às suas presas. Observações sobre a dieta dos nudibrânquios foram realizadas através de mergulhos livres ou autônomos e o comportamento destes em relação às esponjas foi registrado. Um total de 139 observações foram realizadas em 15 espécies de nudibrânquios doridáceos: Felimida binza; Felimida paulomarcioi; Felimare lajensis; Tyrinna evelinae; Cadlina rumia; Diaulula greeleyi; Discodoris evelinae; Geitodoris pusae; Jorunna spazzola; Jorunna spongiosa; Rostanga byga; Taringa telopia; Doris kyolis; Dendrodoris krebsii e Tayuva hummelincki. A predação foi confirmada em 89 (64%) das 139 observações e em 12 (80%) das 15 espécies de nudibrânquios. A principal interação ecológica existente entre os nudibrânquios e as esponjas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro é a de consumo (predação). Em laboratório, o comportamento alimentar das espécies Cadlina rumia e Tyrinna evelinae foi avaliado em ensaios de preferência com dupla escolha oferecendo esponjas frescas. Experimentos de oferta de esponjas vivas, pó de esponjas liofilizadas e extratos brutos orgânicos das esponjas foram utilizados para investigar se a percepção dos moluscos às suas presas é modulada por sinais químicos. O nudibrânquio Cadlina rumia não consumiu nenhuma das esponjas oferecidas, mas detectou o sinal químico das esponjas vivas, e não detectou o sinal químico da esponja Dysidea etheria, liofilizada em pó, incorporada em alimentos artificiais. Tyrinna evelinae detectou o sinal químico da esponja D. etheria oferecida de duas maneiras diferentes: viva e liofilizada em pó. Foi confirmada em laboratório, a predação in situ da esponja D. etheria pelo nudibrânquio T. evelinae, constituindo o primeiro registro de predação observado in situ e in vitro para o gênero Tyrinna. De uma maneira geral, os resultados das observações de campo corroboram os padrões de alimentação observados em outras regiões do mundo e as esponjas da Classe Demospongiae são recursos fundamentais para a dieta dos nudibrânquios doridáceos no Rio de Janeiro. A sinalização química e a taxia positiva foi evidente para o nudibrânquio que possui dieta mais especializada, Tyrinna evelinae, e não para aquele que se alimenta de várias esponjas, Cadlina rumia. / Nudibranch gastropods are carnivores and many species have very specialized diets, preying on a single or a few species of marine sponges. Up to date, there is no specific study on the ecology of Brazilian nudibranch species addressing any interaction with other groups of marine animals. There are also no studies on biological assays to evaluate the feeding behavior and chemical mediation between nudibranchs and their preys. The objectives of this research were: a) to record in situ predation of dorid nudibranchs in Rio de Janeiro State, through identification of the species involved and compare to patterns of predation observed in other regions, and b) to evaluate the behavior of chemical attraction of nudibranchs in relation to their preys. Observations on the diet of dorid nudibranchs were made by free or SCUBA diving and their behavior in relation to the sponges were record. A total of 139 observations were made on 15 dorid nudibranchs species: Felimida binza; Felimida paulomarcioi; Felimare lajensis; Tyrinna evelinae; Cadlina rumia; Diaulula greeleyi; Discodoris evelinae; Geitodoris pusae; Jorunna spazzola; Jorunna spongiosa; Rostanga byga; Taringa telopia; Doris kyolis; Dendrodoris krebsii and Tayuva hummelincki. The predation was confirmed for 89 (64%) out of 139 observations and 12 (80%) out of 15 dorid nudibranch species. Predation is the main ecological interaction between dorids and sponges in Rio de Janeiro. In laboratory conditions, the feeding behavior of Cadlina rumia and Tyrinna evelinae were evaluated in double choice preference assay being offered fresh sponges. Assays of fresh sponges, powder of lyophilized sponges and crude extract of sponges were made to investigate whether the nudibranch perception to their preys is modulated by chemical signs. Cadlina rumia has not consumed any offered sponges, although detected the chemical signals of fresh sponges. Cadlina rumia has not detected the chemical signal from lyophilized sponges incorporated into artificial foods. Tyrinna evelinae detected the chemical signal from the sponge Dysidea etheria offered in two different ways: fresh and lyophilized. The in situ predation of T. evelinae on D. etheria was confirmed through laboratory assays. Our results are the first direct observations of in situ and in vitro feeding activity by any species of Tyrinna. In general, the results of field observations corroborated the feeding patterns observed in other regions. Demosponges are a very important source of food for Brazilian dorid nudibranchs. Chemical signaling and the positive taxis was evident for the nudibranch that has more specialized diet, Tyrinna evelinae, and not for one who feeds on various sponges, Cadlina rumia.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O boto-cinza (Sotalia guianensis Van Benédén, 1864) é um pequeno cetáceo da família Delphinidae. Ocorre em águas costeiras da América do Sul e Central, associado à ambientes estuarinos, às baías e áreas protegidas. Estudos sobre hábitos alimentares são importantes para avaliar os padrões de relação entre presa e predador. Desta forma, o conhecimento da composição da dieta do predador pode fornecer informações a respeito de sua distribuição, padrões de migração e de seu comportamento, além de contribuir com informações sobre a biologia e comportamento de suas presas. Neste trabalho, são abordados aspectos da ecologia alimentar do boto-cinza da Baía de Sepetiba, com o objetivo de caracterizar a dieta e compará-la em relação ao sexo, classe etária e estações do ano, a partir da análise do conteúdo estomacal de 76 botos-cinza encalhados entre 2005 e 2011. Os itens alimentares recuperados dos estômagos como otólitos e ossos de peixes, bicos de cefalópodes, carapaças de crustáceos, foram identificados baseando-se em trabalhos de identificação e em uma coleção de referência. O comprimento e biomassa das presas foram estimados com o uso de equações de regressão encontradas na literatura para estas espécies. As amostras foram separadas em machos adultos, fêmeas adultas e juvenis, e em estações quente/chuvosa (out-abr) e fria/seca (mai-set), em que os estômagos foram recuperados. Um total de 1800 presas foi identificado, relativo a 23 espécies de teleósteo, quatro espécies de cefalópode e três de crustáceo. O boto-cinza da Baía de Sepetiba apresentou uma dieta tipicamente piscívora, com um hábito alimentar no qual, poucas espécies foram consumidas em alta frequencia. Todas as presas identificadas têm distribuição costeira sendo a maioria estuarina de pequeno porte ou juvenil. As presas mais importantes na dieta do boto-cinza, segundo o índice de importância relativa (IIR), foram Cetengraulis edentulus; Micropogonias furnieri; Mugil spp.; Chloroscombrus chrysurus; Cynoscion jamaicensis; Stellifer sp.; e Sciadeichthys luniscutis. Dentre os cefalópodes, a lula Doryteuthis plei foi à presa mais importante. Este estudo indica que o boto-cinza apresenta variações intra-específicas no seu hábito alimentar entre fêmeas adultas, machos adultos e juvenis, além de variações sazonais na composição de sua dieta. A partir do conhecimento do comportamento e hábito de suas presas, pode-se concluir que, Sotalia guianensis da Baía de Sepetiba se alimenta ao longo de toda a Baía, além de utilizar áreas costeiras próximas para atividades de alimentação e forrageio. / The Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis, Van Benédén, 1864) is a small cetacean of the Delphinidae family. The species occurs on coastal waters from South and Central America, in estuarine environments, bays and protected areas. This study aims to characterize Guiana dolphin feeding habits and to investigate variation in diet related to sex age class and season, in Sepetiba Bay (RJ). Stomach contents of 76 S. guianensis, stranded between 2005 and 2011, were analysed. Food items found in the stomachs (otoliths, fish bones, cephalopod beaks, crustacean structures) were identified based on identification guides and one reference collection. Some measurements of the prey remains were used to estimate the length and weight of preys using regression equations specific for each prey species. Dolphin sample was gathered into adult males, adult females and juveniles. Season was defined as hot/wet season (Oct-Apr) and cold/dry (May-Sep). A total of 1800 prey were found, including 23 species of teleosts, four species of cephalopods and three species of crustaceans. Guiana dolphin in Sepetiba Bay had a typically piscivorous diet. The index of relative importance (IRI) showed that Cetengraulis edentulus; Micropogonias furnieri; Mugil spp.; Chloroscombrus chrysurus; Cynoscion jamaicensis; Stellifer sp.; e Sciadeichthys luniscutis were the seven most important species. Among cephalopods, the squid Dorytheutis plei was the most important. This study indicates that the Guiana dolphin has intra-specific variations in the diet between adult females, adult males, and young and seasonal variations in the composition of its diet. Diet composition suggests that S. guianensis feeds into Sepetiba Bay and along coastal adjacent waters.

Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T21:53:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Análise da paisagem da Lagoa da Conceição através de mapeamento da vegetação, urbanização e áreas degradadas. Utilizou-se dos resultados do mapeamento e da abordagem biorregional para planejamento de uso das terras. Realizou um zoneamento preliminar de conservação das formações florestais nativas e propôs a implantação de corredores ecológicos para a biorregião da Lagoa da Conceição.