Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliane_Mendes_Lemos.pdf: 814932 bytes, checksum: d5552cb87a1e9440a5ef0c02727bb9e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Wheat is an important crop for human consumption. With the intensification of agriculture and agribusiness in Brazil. Therefore, the demand for nitrogen fertilizers has increased substantially. The use of nitrogen fertilizers increases the production cost and the final price of this cereal. Diazotrophs can assist in various mechanisms of nitrogen nutrition in crops. Besides fixing nitrogen, they may promote growth of these plants. The aims of this study were to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fixing bacteria (Azospirillum brasiliense), compared and associated to nitrogen fertilization in wheat (Triticum aestivum), and set among commercial cultivars of wheat, which shows better performance in association with these bacteria. The experiment was conducted in greenhouses in the period from May to September 2010in the Station of Horticulture and Crop Protected "Prof. Dr. Mario Cesar Lopes" in Marechal Candido Rondon - PR. It was used a five wheat cultivars (CD 104, CD 108, CD 119, CD 120 and CD 150). The treatments were: inoculated with A. brasiliense (AbV5); application of nitrogen associated with inoculation of A. brasiliense (AbV5); application of nitrogen and a treatment without inoculation and nitrogen application. I was used a randomized design with four replications. It was made two assessments, the first assessment, made in the flowering stage, was evaluated the root dry weight and total nitrogen content. In the second assessment, made at the end of the cycle, was evaluated the following yield components: grain yield and protein content in grains. It was observed difference in response between wheat cultivars when inoculated with A. brasiliense (AbV5), and/or treatment associated with nitrogen. The CD 150 cultivar presented the highest content of nitrogen in shoots, mass of 1.000 grains and NH4+ in roots inoculated with bacteria in combination with nitrogen fertilization, the increase was about 22,4%, 10,5% and 116,8%, respectively, compared to nitrogen fertilization. These results showed a positive interaction of nitrogen fixing bacteria and nitrogen fertilization with the wheat cultivar CD 150 / O trigo é uma cultura de grande importância para a alimentação humana. Com a intensificação da agricultura e do agronegócio no Brasil, a demanda por fertilizantes nitrogenados tem aumentado substancialmente. A utilização de fertilizantes nitrogenados aumenta o custo de produção e, portanto, o preço final deste cereal. As bactérias diazotróficas podem auxiliar em diversos mecanismos de nutrição nitrogenada em culturas. Além de fixar nitrogênio, esses organismos podem promover o crescimento dessas plantas. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram avaliar a eficiência agronômica da bactéria fixadora de nitrogênio (Azospirillum brasilense), comparada e associada à adubação nitrogenada na cultura do trigo (Triticum aestivum) e definir, dentre cultivares comerciais, qual apresenta melhor desempenho em associação com as bactérias. O experimento foi conduzido sob cultivo protegido no período de maio a setembro de 2010 na Estação de Horticultura e Cultivo Protegido Prof. Dr. Mário César Lopes em Marechal Cândido Rondon PR. Foram utilizados cinco cultivares de trigo brasileiros e cultivados na região (CD 104, CD 108, CD 119, CD 120 e CD 150). Os tratamentos foram: inoculação com A. brasilense (AbV5); adubação nitrogenada em cobertura; inoculação com A. brasilense (AbV5) associado à aplicação de nitrogênio em cobertura e um tratamento sem inoculação e aplicação de nitrogênio, designado como testemunha. O experimento foi feito em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. As avaliações foram realizadas no estádio de início da antese. Foram avaliadas a massa seca de raízes, o teor de nitrogênio total na parte aérea e teor de amônio nas raízes. No final do ciclo da cultura avaliou-se os seguintes componentes da produção: rendimento de grãos e o teor de proteínas nos grãos. Foram observadas diferenças de resposta entre as cultivares de trigo quando inoculadas com A. brasilense (AbV5) e ou tratamento associado a adubação nitrogenada. A cultivar CD 150 apresentou os maiores teores de nitrogênio na parte aérea, massa de 1000 grãos e teor de amônio nas raízes, quando inoculadas com a bactéria em associação a adubação nitrogenada, cerca de 22,4%, 10,5% e 116,8% de incremento, respectivamente, em relação à adubação nitrogenada. Esses resultados mostram uma interação positiva da bactéria fixadora de nitrogênio e a adubação nitrogenada com a cultivar de trigo CD 150

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-13T20:11:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Leonardo dos Santos Fran?a Shockness.pdf: 1003791 bytes, checksum: efd5f4204bec8c095ea24c37002fd302 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-13T20:11:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Leonardo dos Santos Fran?a Shockness.pdf: 1003791 bytes, checksum: efd5f4204bec8c095ea24c37002fd302 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / CAPES / One of the main factors that affect growth and persistence of grasses in the tropics, thus increasing the degradation of pastures, is a nitrogen deficiency in the soil. However, nitrogen fertilizers much burden the production costs, and the demand for food increasing year by year, has emphasized the need for sustainable alternatives, such as biological nitrogen fixation. It is necessary to do more research on Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) in forage grasses, especially about diversity among nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with these plants, so that new bacteria can be discovered, as well as its potential to FBN. This study aimed to isolate diazotrophic bacteria of the genus Azospirillum spp. or Herbaspirillum spp., from two cultivars of B. brizhanta (Marandu and Xara?s) and one of B. decumbens (IPEAN), to test them, and to assess their contribution to the growth of Brachiaria brizhanta cv. Marandu identifying the three most promising. This study was conducted at Embrapa Agrobiology in Serop?dica - RJ, in two stages. The first was to isolate possible diazotrophic bacteria from Brachiaria brizantha and B. decumbens plants, using the cultivars Marandu and Xara?s B. brizantha, and the cultivar IPEAN of B. decumbens. The isolation was performed using three semi-solid media, NFB, LGI and JNFb, where the first two selected bacteria of the genus Azospirillum, and the third one Herbaspirillum bacteria. There were selected 46 isolates and, after purification, it was obtained 15 isolates pure, and made the phenotypic characterization thereof. Further biochemical tests were the phosphate solubilization, acetylene reduction analysis (ARA), and production of acid-3-indole acetic (IAA). All tested isolates produced ARA ethylene, even in small quantities, with prominence for isolates L2, L4, J3, J6, J7 and J8. In the phosphate solubilization the isolates N1, L1, J2, J3, J4, J5, J6, J7, J8, and T14 were able to solubilize phosphate. In the EIA production the isolates N1, J1, J2, J3, J4, J5, J6, J7, J8 and J9 excelled. In the second phase it was conducted an experiment to study plant - bacteria interaction. It consisted of the inoculation of 15 isolates from the first phase plus three isolates known as references (SP245, Z94, CBAMC) in B. brizhanta cultivar Marandu, plus the control without inoculation and without N. In this experiment the isolates L2, L4 and J6 outstand when compared to the other seven parameters evaluated. On the basis of this study we can conclude that there are nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing, and that produce 3-indoleacetic acid, associated to Brachiaria brizhanta and Brachiaria decumbens. The isolated bacteria of the two B. brizhanta cultivars (Marandu and Xara?s), and the Brachiaria decumbens (IPEAN) cultivar were more efficient in the growth of B. brizhanta cultivar Marandu than the bacteria standards obtained from other plant species. Also, among the 15 isolates from Brachiaria plants, the J6, L2 and L4 were statistically different from the others, and are considered the three most promising. / Um dos principais fatores que afeta o crescimento e a persist?ncia de gram?neas nos tr?picos, aumentando assim a degrada??o das pastagens, ? a defici?ncia de nitrog?nio no solo. Entretanto, fertilizantes nitrogenados oneram muito os custos de produ??o, e com a demanda por alimentos crescendo ano a ano, tem-se enfatizado a necessidade de alternativas sustent?veis, tal como a fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio. Faz-se necess?rio pesquisas com Fixa??o Biol?gica de Nitrog?nio (FBN) em gram?neas forrageiras, principalmente sobre diversidade de bact?rias diazotr?ficas associadas a essas plantas, para que novas bact?rias possam ser descobertas, assim como seu potencial de FBN. Este trabalho teve como objetivo isolar bact?rias diazotr?ficas do g?nero Azospirillum Spp. ou Herbaspirillum Spp., provenientes de duas cultivares de B. brizhanta (Marandu e Xar?es) e de uma cultivar de B. decumbens (Ipean), testar as mesmas, e avaliar sua contribui??o no crescimento de Brachiaria brizhanta cv. Marandu identificando as tr?s mais promissoras. O trabalho foi realizado na Embrapa Agrobiologia em Serop?dica ? RJ, em duas etapas. Na primeira foi feito o isolamento de poss?veis bact?rias dizotr?ficas provenientes de plantas de Brachiaria brizantha e Brachiaria decumbens, sendo utilizadas as cultivares Marandu e Xara?s de B. brizantha e a cultivar IPEAN de B. decumbens. O isolamento foi realizado utilizando tr?s meios semiss?lidos, NFB, LGI e JNFB, onde os dois primeiros selecionaram bact?rias do g?nero Azospirillum, e o terceiro bact?rias do g?nero Herbaspirillum. Foram selecionados 46 isolados, e ap?s a purifica??o obteve-se 15 isolados puros, sendo feita a caracteriza??o fenot?pica dos mesmos, e posteriormente os testes bioqu?micos de solubiliza??o de fosfato, an?lise da redu??o de acetileno (ARA) e produ??o de ?cido-3-indolac?tico (AIA). Na ARA todos isolados avaliados produziram etileno, mesmo em pequenas quantidades, tendo destaque os isolados L2, L4, J3, J6, J7, e J8. Na solubiliza??o de fosfato os isolados N1, L1, J2, J3, J4, J5, J6, J7, J8 e T14 foram capazes de solubilizar fosfato. Na produ??o de AIA se sobressa?ram os isolados N1, J1, J2, J3, J4, J5, J6, J7, J8 e J9. Na segunda etapa foi realizado o experimento de intera??o planta - bact?ria; que consistiu da inocula??o dos 15 isolados da primeira etapa, acrescidos de tr?s isolados conhecidos como padr?es (SP245, Z94, CBAMC) em B. brizhanta cv. Marandu, mais a testemunha n?o inoculada e sem N. Neste experimento os isolados L2, L4 e J6 se destacaram em rela??o aos outros nos sete par?metros avaliados. Com base neste trabalho podemos concluir que existem bact?rias fixadoras de nitrog?nio, solubilizadoras de fosfato e que produzem ?cido-3-indolac?tico associadas a Brachiaria brizhanta e Brachiaria decumbens. As bact?rias isoladas de duas cultivares de B. brizhanta (Marandu e Xar?es) e de uma cultivar de B. decumbens (Ipean) se mostraram mais eficientes no crescimento de B. brizhanta cv. Marandu do que as bact?rias padr?es provenientes de outras esp?cies de plantas. Ainda, dentre os 15 isolados de plantas do g?nero Brachiaria, os isolados J6, L2 e L4 diferiram estatisticamente dos demais, sendo considerados os tr?s mais promissores.

The ability of Nakivubo wetland (which has performed tertiary water treatment for Kampala city for the past 40 years) to respond to pollution and to protect the water quality of Inner Murchison Bay of Lake Victoria was investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the capacity of Nakivubo wetland to remove nitrogen from the wastewater after its recent encroachment and modification, in order to optimize biological nitrogen removal processes using constructed wetland technology. Field studies were performed to assess the hydraulic loading, stability and water quality of this wetland. The distribution and activity of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in Nakivubo channel and wetland were also investigated, and the significance of the different matrices in biological nitrogen transformations within the two systems elucidated. Studies to optimize nutrient removal processes were carried out at pilot scale level both in container experiments and in the field using substrate-free constructed wetlands (CWs) planted with Cyperus papyrus and Miscanthidium violaceum which were adapted to the local ecological conditions. Results showed that Nakivubo wetland performs tertiary treatment for a large volume of wastewater from Kampala city, which is characterised by large quantities of nutrients, organic matter and to a lesser extent metals. Mass pollutant loads showed that wastewater effluent from a sewage treatment plant constituted a larger proportion of nitrogen and phosphorus and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) discharged into the wetland. The upper section of Nakivubo wetland exhibited high removal efficiencies for BOD, whereas little or no ammonium-nitrogen and metals except Lead were removed by wetland. Studies further showed that nitrifying bacteria existed in the wetland but their activity was limited by oxygen depletion due to the high BOD in the wastewater and heterotrophic bacteria from the sewage treatment plant. Distributional studies indicated the presence of more AOB in surface sediments than the water column of the lower section of Nakivubo channel, an indication that nitrifiers settled with particulate matter prior to discharge into the wetland, and thus did not represent seeding of the wetland. The significant reductions in concentrations of BOD compared to ammonium and total nitrogen in the channel and wetland wastewater confirmed this finding. Whereas suspended nitrifiers upstream of Nakivubo channel equally influenced total nitrogen balance as those in surface sediments, epiphytic nitrification was more important than that of sediment/peat compartments in the wetland, and thus highlighted the detrimental impacts of wetland modification on the water quality Inner Murchison Bay and Lake Victoria as a whole. Performance assessment of pilot-scale container experiments and field-based CWs indicated highly promising treatment efficiencies, notably in papyrus-based treatments. Plant biomass productivity, nutrient storage, and overall system treatment performance were higher in papyrusbased constructed wetlands, and resulted in effluent that met national discharge limits. Thus, papyrus-based CWs were found to be operationally efficient in removing pollutants from domestic wastewater. / QC 20101028

Στις μέρες μας, η πρόοδος της τεχνολογίας έχει επιφέρει μια μεγάλη αύξηση στην ποσότητα των υγρών αποβλήτων. Ταυτόχρονα, υπάρχει η απαίτηση για βιολογική απομάκρυνση του αζώτου από υγρά απόβλητα με στόχο τη μείωση του συνολικού κόστους της διεργασίας. Προς αυτή την κατεύθυνση, τεχνολογίες για βιολογική απομάκρυνση αζώτου με παράκαμψη της παραγωγής νιτρικών, έχουν αναπτυχθεί. Ένας αριθμός παραγόντων όπως η αμμωνία, η θερμοκρασία, το PH, παίζει σημαντικό ρόλο στην παραγωγή νιτρικών. Τελευταία γίνεται και η χρήση ματηματικών μοντέλων με στόχο την μελέτη και τη βελτιστοποίηση αυτών των τεχνολογιών. Στην παρούσα εργασία μια τροποποίηση του μοντέλου ASM1 χρησιμοποιείται για την προσομοίωση μιας οξειδωτικής τάφρου, στην οποία πραγματοποιείται βιολογική απομάκρυνση αζώτου. Το σύστημα προσομοιάζεται με με 26 αντιδραστήρες CSTR, συνδεδεμένους σε σειρά. Αερόβιες και ανοξικές συνθήκες επικρατούν σε κάθε αντιδραστήρα. Παράγοντες όπως η κατανομή αερόβιων ανοξικών αντιδρστήρων, η ηλικία της λάσπης, ο λόγος ανακύκλωσης της λάσπης και του ανάμικτου υγρού και ο ογκομετρικός ρυθμός ροής μελετήθηκαν. Η συμπεριφορά του συστήματος ήταν παρόμοια.Σε όλες τις περιπτώσεις, πλην μιας, δεν παρατηρήθηκε παραγωγή νιτρικών. Τελικά οι επαναλαμβανόμενες αερόβιες-ανοξικές συνθήκες ευνοούν την παράκαμψη της παραγωγής νιτρικών. / Nowadays, the progress of technology has created a big increasement in the quantity of wastewater. Simultaneously, there is the demand of biological nitrogen removal from wastewater in order the cost of the process be reduced. In this direction, technologies of biological nitrogen removal, bypassing nitrate production, has developed. A number of factors such as ammonia, temperature, PH, play a significant role in nitrate production. Lately, mathematical models are used in great extend in order to study and optimize these technologies. In this study a modified ASM1 model is used to simulate an oxidation ditch, which performs biological nitrogen removal. The system is simulated with 26 CSTRS, connected in series. Aerobic or anoxic conditions prevail in each reactor. A number of factors such as the distribution of aerobic-anoxic reactors, sludge age, recycling rate of the sludge, recycling rate of mixed liquor and volumetric flow of wastewater was studied. The behavior of the system was the same. Nitrate production did not take place in all cases, except one. So repeated aerobic-anoxic conditions favor bypassing nitrate production.

Manguezais são ecossistemas de transição entre ambientes terrestres e marinhos encontrados em regiões tropicais e subtropicais. A ampla faixa de variações de salinidade e teor oxigênio, típica desses ambientes, está entre os principais fatores condicionantes da colonização e desenvolvimento da biota. Apesar disso, são ambientes com elevada produção primária. Entre os nutrientes, o nitrogênio é um dos principais fatores limitantes que afetam o desenvolvimento da vegetação do manguezal e somente baixa disponibilidade de formas reduzidas está presente. Portanto, há a necessidade de determinar os micro-organismos fixadores de nitrogênio que colonizam os ecossistemas de manguezais. Dentre esses, existem as cianobactérias, um grupo bem conhecido de micro-organismos fotossintéticos oxigênicos e fixadores de nitrogênio. Neste estudo, 50 linhagens de cianobactérias foram isoladas de amostras ambientais de solos, água e material perifítico, coletadas nos ecossistemas de manguezais da Ilha do Cardoso e Bertioga, São Paulo. Essas linhagens foram isoladas usando meios específicos de crescimento e análises morfológicas identificaram representantes das ordens Chroococcales (35 linhagens, 70%), Oscillatoriales (9 linhagens, 18%) e Nostocales (6 linhagens, 12%). Dezesseis linhagens distribuídas entre as ordens Chroococcales e Nostocales foram selecionadas para os estudos de filogenia usando o gene rpoC1. A maioria das sequências de rpoC1 geradas pela amplificação por PCR usando o conjunto específico de primer rpoC1-1/rpoC1-T mostraram baixas similaridades (menor que 90%) com seqüências disponíveis no GenBank, indicando que estas linhagens de cianobactérias são únicas. As exceções foram somente duas linhagens (Synechococcus sp. CENA177 and Cyanothece sp. CENA169) que apresentaram altas similaridades com sequências de cianobactérias isoladas de ambientes de água doce do Brasil. A análise filogenética Neighbor-Joining mostrou que várias das novas linhagens cianobactérias dos manguezais se agruparam, sem relação com a descrição taxonômica baseada na caracterização morfotípica. Uma busca pelo gene funcional nifH, o qual codifica para a redutase da nitrogenase, em 27 isolados dos manguezais, revelou a sua presença em 21 linhagens (77%) dispersas entre as ordens Chroococcales, Oscillatoriales e Nostocales. Os 21 fragmentos do gene nifH amplificados foram clonados e seqüenciados e todas as sequências também mostram baixas similaridades (menor que 95%) com seqüências de cianobactérias disponíveis no GenBank. A análise filogenética do gene nifH posicionou as novas linhagens de cianobactérias dos manguezais em vários agrupamentos distribuídos ao longo da árvore, e como também observado para o gene rpoC1, sem correlação com a descrição taxonômica baseada na caracterização morfotípica. Atividade da nitrogenase, avaliada pela técnica de redução de acetileno, foi encontrada em cinco linhagens pertencentes à ordem Nostocales e em uma linhagem pertencente à ordem Chroococcales. A estimativa da fixação biológica de nitrogênio por essas linhagens variaram de 327,01 a 1.954,15 pmol N2.g-1 de biomassa seca.dia-1. / Mangroves are transitional ecosystems between terrestrial and marine environments found in tropical and subtropical regions. The broad range of variations of salinity and oxygen content, typical of these environments, is among the main constraint factors for the establishment and development of biota. Nevertheless, mangroves have high primary production. Among the nutrients, nitrogen is one of the most important limiting factors affecting the development of mangrove vegetation and only low availability of reduced forms is present. Therefore, there is a need to determine the nitrogen fixing microorganisms that colonize mangrove ecosystems. Among those, there are the cyanobacteria, a well known group of oxygenic photosynthetic and nitrogen fixing microorganisms. In this study, 50 cyanobacterial strains were isolated from environmental samples of soil, water and periphytic material collected in the Cardoso Island and Bertioga mangrove ecosystems, São Paulo. These strains were isolated using specific growth media and morphological analyses identified representatives of the orders Chroococcales (35 strains, 70%), Oscillatoriales (9 strains, 18%) and Nostocales (6 strains, 12%). Sixteen strains belong to the orders Chroococcales and Nostocales were selected for phylogeny studies using the gene rpoC1. The majority of rpoC1 sequences generated by PCR amplification using the specific set primer rpoC1-1/rpoC1-T showed low similarities (below 90%) with sequences available in the GenBank, indicating that these cyanobacterial strains are unique. The exceptions were only two strains (Synechococcus sp. CENA177 and Cyanothece sp. CENA169) that had high similarities with cyanobacterial sequences isolated from Brazilian freshwater environments. The Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic analysis showed that several of the new mangrove cyanobacterial strains clustered together, with no relationship with the taxonomical description based on morphotypic characterization. A search for the functional nifH gene, which coding for nitrogenase reductase, on 27 mangrove isolates revealed its presence in 21 strains (77%) dispersed among the orders Chroococcales, Oscillatoriales and Nostocales. The 21 amplified fragments of nifH were cloned and sequenced, and all the sequences also showed low similarities (below 95%) with cyanobacterial sequences available in the GenBank. The phylogenetic analysis of nifH gene positioned the new mangrove cyanobacterial strains in several clusters distributed along the tree, and as also observed for rpoC1 gene, with no correlation with the taxonomical description based on morphotypic characterization. Nitrogenase activity, measured by the acetylene reduction technique, was found in five strains belonging to the order Nostocales and one strain belonging to the order Chroococcales. The estimation of biological nitrogen fixation by these strains ranged from 327.01 to 1954.15 pmol N2.g-1 dry biomass.day-1.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-07-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:22:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silveira_el_dr_jabo.pdf: 3177112 bytes, checksum: 54cc0c55154c630d57b5a103e12435b8 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O arroz é o cereal mais consumido na dieta humana no mundo, sendo que o Brasil é um dos maiores produtores e consumidores desse cereal. A produção brasileira entre arroz irrigado e sequeiro é estimada entre 10 a 11 milhões toneladas por ano. Os gastos com fertilizantes nitrogenados nessa cultura provocam um alto custo de produção para o agricultor, sendo esses gastos repassados ao consumidor. Desta forma, existe a necessidade de avanços nas pesquisas sobre os microrganismos que se encontram na rizosfera de diversos vegetais e que auxiliam o vegetal na obtenção de nutrientes diminuindo o custo de produção da cultura, além de aumentar a produção de grãos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar cinco estirpes de Rhizobium leguminosarum bv trifolii e isolados selvagens obtidos de dois cultivares de arroz no Brasil, avaliar quanto à produção de ácido indolacético, potencial de fixação biologica de nitrogênio e capacidade de promover o crescimento de arroz em solução nutritiva. Os ensaios com arroz foram realizados em uma câmara de crescimento, em um delimento inteiramente casualisado em um período de 30 dias. Todos os isolados R. leguminosarum deste experimento e 19 isolados selvagens foram positivos para a produção de ácido indolacético in vitro. As estirpes SEMIAs 2051 e 235 foram às maiores produtores de ácido indolacético com 91,56 Tg/mL e 68,30 Tg /mL, respectivamente. Entretanto somente três estirpes de rizóbios e 12 isolados selvagens conseguiram reduzir acetileno a etileno em condições laboratoriais, sendo a SEMIA 2051 a que mais se destacou. Inoculações de sementes de arroz com as estirpes SEMIAs 235, 2050, 2051 e MT6 resultaram em aumento significativo em relação à massa seca, e no números de raízes laterais nas radículas das plântulas em 30 dias. (para P < 001). Este estudo indicou que as bactérias SEMIAs 235, 2050 e 2051 e MT6 podem... / Rice is the most consumed cereal grain in human food and Brasil is one of the most important producers of this culture. Brazilian production of irrigated and non-irrigated Rice is estimated in 10 – 11 millions of thousand kilograms per year. Nitrogenated fertilizers represents an important part f the production costs that are repassed to the final consumers. In this way, there are needs of more efforts in research about microorganisms that live in plant rizosphere and that were able to help the plant to obtain nutrients from the soil, mainly nitrogen, and so, increase the production while decreasing the production costs. This work has the objective of evaluate the indolacetic acid production of five strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv trifolii, and e wild isolated of two cultivating of rice in Brazil its biological nitrogen fixation potential and its capacity to promote rice growth in nutritional solution. Essays were carried out in growth chamber with outline completely casualized during 30 days. All strains of R. leguminosarum and wild isolated produced indolacetic acid, and SEMIAs 2051 and 235 were the higher producers, with 91,56 Tg/mL and 68,30 Tg /mL, respectively. However, only three strains and 12 wild isolated were able to reduce acetilene to etilene in laboratorial conditions, and SEMIA 2051 was the most efficient strain. Inoculations in Rice seeds that were made with SEMIAs 235, 2050, 2051and MT6 strains resulted in a significative increase in dry mass and in the number of lateral roots in the plants in 30 days (P < 001). This work showed that strains SEMIAs 235, 2050 e 2051 and MT6 can promote Rice growth in nutritive solutions and so, are important for the developing of inoculants that could be used for this culture, reducing the cultural costs and also increase the rice production in world.

Orientadora: Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo Lemos / Banca: Maria José Valarini / Banca: Miguel Luis Menezes Freitas / Banca: João Martins Pizauro Junior / Banca: Leandro Borges Lemos / Resumo: A diversidade genética de quinze estirpes de rizóbios isoladas do feijoeiro, provenientes de várias localidades do Brasil e da Venezuela, foi determinada pelo seqüenciamento do gene 16S rRNA. Selecionaram-se as duas melhores estirpes de cada país, com base em nodulação, produção de massa seca e de nitrogênio total em plantas de feijão, e compararam-se as suas produtividades e nodulação no feijoeiro, com duas estirpes comerciais, CIAT-899 e PRF-81, em um solo Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro da região de Jaboticabal SP. Determinou-se ainda a diversidade genética das populações nativas do solo e das quatro estirpes, pelo seqüenciamento do espaço intergênico, entre os genes 16S e 23S rRNA. Experimentos foram conduzidos em blocos casualizados com três repetições, em casa de vegetação, na UNESP, em 2007. O primeiro foi realizado em tubetes com vermiculita e quinze tratamentos: sete diluições seriadas do solo de 10-1 a 10-7, as quatro estirpes, as comerciais e duas testemunhas com e sem nitrogênio. Das colônias isoladas extraiu-se o DNA genômico e realizou-se o seqüenciamento do espaço intergênico. O segundo experimento foi realizado em vasos contendo solo e treze tratamentos: as quatro estirpes isoladamente e misturadas com a estirpe PRF- 81, as comerciais, a mistura delas, e duas testemunhas com e sem nitrogênio. Houve coincidência entre os marcadores moleculares do gene 16S rRNA e o espaço intergênico na identificação das espécies. Encontraram-se estirpes tão produtivas quanto as comercias. A mistura com a estirpe PRF-81 não incrementou a produtividade e produziu um efeito antagônico com a estirpe LBMP-12BR. A população nativa do solo foi identificada como Rhizobium sp., sendo ineficiente na fixação de nitrogênio. Há estirpes promissoras que mostram uma resposta diferencial quando são misturadas nos inoculantes. / Abstract: The genetic diversity of 15 rhizobia strains isolated from common beans grown in Brazil and Venezuela was determined by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Two strains were selected from each country for further study based on nodulation, dry weight, and total nitrogen in the common bean plants, and productivity and nodulation on the common bean of these strains were evaluated in Latossolo Vermelho Escuro soil of Jaboticabal SP, in comparison to two commercial strains, CIAT-899 and PRF-81. The genetic diversity of the native soil population and the four strains was determined by sequencing of the intergenic space between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes. In 2007, experiments were carried out under glass house conditions at the UNESP. The first was conducted in tubs with vermiculite, and 15 treatments were examined: seven soil serial dilutions (10-1 to 10-7), the four novel strains, two commercial strains, and two controls with and without nitrogen. From the pure isolated colonies, DNA was extracted, and the intergenic space was sequenced. The second experiment was conducted in pots filled with soil, and 13 treatments were examined: the four strains alone and in mixture with the PRF-81 strain, the two commercial strains alone and in mixture, and two controls with and without nitrogen. There was coincidence between the 16S rRNA gene and the intergenic space molecular markers for species identification. Strains that had productivity values equivalent to the commercial strains were identified. The mixture of PRF-81 strain to each one of the four strains did not increase productivity and produced an antagonistic effect on the LBMP-12BR strain. The native soil population was identified as Rhizobium sp. and was found to be inefficient in nitrogen fixation. This study identified promising new Rhizobium strains that exhibit differential responses in mixtures on inoculants. / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:34:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-07-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:25:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gonzalez_to_dr_jabo.pdf: 459034 bytes, checksum: 09affcd8cd969944ecfadd924ad3cffc (MD5) / Universidade Central da Venezuela / A diversidade genética de quinze estirpes de rizóbios isoladas do feijoeiro, provenientes de várias localidades do Brasil e da Venezuela, foi determinada pelo seqüenciamento do gene 16S rRNA. Selecionaram-se as duas melhores estirpes de cada país, com base em nodulação, produção de massa seca e de nitrogênio total em plantas de feijão, e compararam-se as suas produtividades e nodulação no feijoeiro, com duas estirpes comerciais, CIAT-899 e PRF-81, em um solo Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro da região de Jaboticabal SP. Determinou-se ainda a diversidade genética das populações nativas do solo e das quatro estirpes, pelo seqüenciamento do espaço intergênico, entre os genes 16S e 23S rRNA. Experimentos foram conduzidos em blocos casualizados com três repetições, em casa de vegetação, na UNESP, em 2007. O primeiro foi realizado em tubetes com vermiculita e quinze tratamentos: sete diluições seriadas do solo de 10-1 a 10-7, as quatro estirpes, as comerciais e duas testemunhas com e sem nitrogênio. Das colônias isoladas extraiu-se o DNA genômico e realizou-se o seqüenciamento do espaço intergênico. O segundo experimento foi realizado em vasos contendo solo e treze tratamentos: as quatro estirpes isoladamente e misturadas com a estirpe PRF- 81, as comerciais, a mistura delas, e duas testemunhas com e sem nitrogênio. Houve coincidência entre os marcadores moleculares do gene 16S rRNA e o espaço intergênico na identificação das espécies. Encontraram-se estirpes tão produtivas quanto as comercias. A mistura com a estirpe PRF-81 não incrementou a produtividade e produziu um efeito antagônico com a estirpe LBMP-12BR. A população nativa do solo foi identificada como Rhizobium sp., sendo ineficiente na fixação de nitrogênio. Há estirpes promissoras que mostram uma resposta diferencial quando são misturadas nos inoculantes. / The genetic diversity of 15 rhizobia strains isolated from common beans grown in Brazil and Venezuela was determined by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Two strains were selected from each country for further study based on nodulation, dry weight, and total nitrogen in the common bean plants, and productivity and nodulation on the common bean of these strains were evaluated in Latossolo Vermelho Escuro soil of Jaboticabal SP, in comparison to two commercial strains, CIAT-899 and PRF-81. The genetic diversity of the native soil population and the four strains was determined by sequencing of the intergenic space between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes. In 2007, experiments were carried out under glass house conditions at the UNESP. The first was conducted in tubs with vermiculite, and 15 treatments were examined: seven soil serial dilutions (10-1 to 10-7), the four novel strains, two commercial strains, and two controls with and without nitrogen. From the pure isolated colonies, DNA was extracted, and the intergenic space was sequenced. The second experiment was conducted in pots filled with soil, and 13 treatments were examined: the four strains alone and in mixture with the PRF-81 strain, the two commercial strains alone and in mixture, and two controls with and without nitrogen. There was coincidence between the 16S rRNA gene and the intergenic space molecular markers for species identification. Strains that had productivity values equivalent to the commercial strains were identified. The mixture of PRF-81 strain to each one of the four strains did not increase productivity and produced an antagonistic effect on the LBMP-12BR strain. The native soil population was identified as Rhizobium sp. and was found to be inefficient in nitrogen fixation. This study identified promising new Rhizobium strains that exhibit differential responses in mixtures on inoculants.

O Brasil é o segundo maior produtor mundial de soja. Novas tecnologias que possibilitem um aumento na produção desse grão, sem causar impactos no ecossistema, são de grande interesse ambiental, social e econômico. Com objetivo de desenvolver um pacote biotecnológico foram realizados quatro grupos de estudos. Em ensaios in vitro e in vivo foram selecionados, um rizóbio (Ensifer fredii) e duas bactérias promotoras de crescimento vegetal (Pseudomonas fluorescens e Paenibacillus edaphicus) para serem co-inoculadas em sementes de soja. Por meio de estudos em casa-de-vegetação foram desenvolvidas duas tecnologias aplicadas ao inoculante contendo o rizóbio ( fatores Nod e cobamamida), que foram avaliados em conjunto (pacote biotecnológico) em campo de cultivo de soja, que mostrou-se capaz de aumentar a nodulação, o desenvolvimento da planta e rendimento dos grãos dessa leguminosa. / Brazil is the worlds second largest producer of soybean. New technologies that increase the production of this grain, without causing environmental impacts, they are of great enviromental, social and economic importance. In order to develop a biotechnological package it was conducted four study groups. Using in vitro and in vivo assays were selected, one rhizobium (Ensifer fredii) and two plant growth promoters bacterias (Pseudomonas fluorescens e Paenibacillus edaphicus) to b eco-inoculated in soybean seeds. Through studies in greenhouses, two technologies applied to agricultural inoculant have been developed (Nod factors and cobamamide), which were evaluated together (biotecnhological package) in soybean crop field, wich proved capable to increase nodulation, plant growth and yield grain of this legume.

Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-03-07T15:03:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCS15MA155.pdf: 1637827 bytes, checksum: aa3300b0757a566af05641eb9e2d70e1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-07T15:03:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCS15MA155.pdf: 1637827 bytes, checksum: aa3300b0757a566af05641eb9e2d70e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-27 / The objective of this project was to investigate the existence of native rhizobia strains that promote the anticipation of the formation of nodules capable of fixing the available nitrogen from the atmosphere, and thereby reduce the use of nitrogenous fertilizers in bean crops. In order to accomplish the objective of the present study, this one was divided into two experiments, both in the Lages city, Santa Catarina State, under different abiotic conditions. The treatments consisted of the combination of six levels of factor inoculation within seven levels of factor bean genotype (a total of 42 treatments). Six of the seven rhizobia strains tested were previously evaluated as to genetic diversity from Germplasm bank of the Agronomy and Veterinary Science Center, the seventh is a recommended commercial strain. Among the treatments, there is a control without the use of nitrogen, and a control with application of this nutrient. It was performed the evaluation of various aspects, such as number of nodules, nodules dry weight, shoot dry weight and nitrogen content. The results were submitted to analysis of variance. Significant difference was found a few treatments with regard to shoot dry weight (SDW), probably due to the specificity of interaction between the host plant and the rhizobia strain. Some strains with genotypes combinations tend to form nodules earlier, increasing the nitrogen fixing time. The number of nodules had no effect on SDW. The nodulation of bean plants, which were not inoculated or received mineral N application (absolute control) was similar to the other treatments in one of both experiment carried, showing the existence of high native population of bean rhizobia symbionts. Furthermore, it was observed that the bacteria B2 had a greater influence comparing to the others bacteria tested / Esse projeto teve como objetivo pesquisar a existência de estirpes de rizóbios nativos que promovam a antecipação da formação de nódulos capazes de fixar o nitrogênio livre da atmosfera, e, com isso, reduzam a utilização de fertilizantes nitrogenados na cultura de feijão. Para sua efetivação, o presente estudo foi dividido em dois experimentos, ambos conduzidos no município de Lages, no Estado de Santa Catarina, sob condições distintas no que se referem aos fatores abióticos. Os tratamentos testados foram resultantes da combinação de 6 (seis) níveis do fator inoculação e 7 (sete) níveis do fator genótipo de feijoeiro, previamente avaliados quanto à diversidade genética do banco de Germoplasma do Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, e uma estirpe comercial recomendada, obtendo-se um controle sem a aplicação de nitrogênio e um controle com aplicação desse nutriente, perfazendo um total de 42 tratamentos. Foi realizada a avaliação de diversos aspectos, tais como número de nódulos, massa seca de nódulos, massa seca da parte aérea e teor de nitrogênio. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância, onde constatou-se diferença significativa de alguns tratamentos com relação à Massa Seca da Parte Aérea (MSPA), provavelmente pela especificidade da planta hospedeira com a estirpe. Algumas estirpes combinadas com genótipos tendem a formar nódulos precocemente, aumentando o tempo de fixação de N. O número de nódulos não influenciou na MSPA. A nodulação das plantas de feijoeiro, que não foram inoculadas nem receberam aplicação de N mineral (testemunha absoluta) foi semelhante à dos demais tratamentos no segundo experimento, evidenciando a existência de elevada população nativa de rizóbios simbiontes na cultura do feijoeiro. Ainda, observou-se que a bactéria B2 teve uma maior influência em relação às outras bactérias testadas