Bladder tumor is the most common tumor detected in patients presenting with gross hematuria. Early detection and treatment is crucial for good prognosis, however, delay in diagnosis and treatment is common. Routine work-up of gross hematuria includes cystoscopy and Computed Tomography Urography (CTU). If CTU has a high detection rate of bladder tumor, it can be used to direct further investigation of the patient, hopefully reducing delay to diagnosis and treatment. There is no consensus on which phase the bladder should be assessed at CTU. Assessment of the bladder in an early contrast-enhancing phase requires contrast material enhancement in bladder tumors and a bladder that is properly distended with urine. For patients younger than 50 years, the routine CTU protocol used for examining gross hematuria patients included unenhanced (UE), corticomedullary phase (CMP), and excretory phase (EP), with the start of the scan being enhancement triggered: patients aged 50 years or older followed the same protocol plus a nephrographic phase (NP). The CTU protocol was compared with flexible cystoscopy for detecting bladder tumors. Sensitivity for bladder cancer detection was equal for CTU and cystoscopy (0.87). Patients diagnosed with bladder cancer (n=50) were examined during UE, CMP, and EP, and 21 patients were additionally examined in NP. The highest mean tumor contrast enhancement was seen in CMP (37 HU). The CMP, NP, and EP in 106 patients were randomized into an evaluation order (n=318 different phases) and blindly reviewed by two uroradiologists. In CMP, sensitivity (0.95) and negative predictive value (0.99) were higher than in NP and EP. Four different preparation protocols for achieving bladder distension were compared. The protocol that included drinking 1 l of fluid during a two-hour period prior to examination without voiding during that period, gave satisfactory bladder distension without causing unacceptable patient discomfort and having the lowest compliance.   Gross hematuria patients should be primarily examined with CTU including UE, CMP and EP to direct further investigation of the patients. The patients should follow a preparation protocol including drinking 1 l of fluid during a two-hour period before examination and not voiding during that period.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Medical Technology))--Mahidol University, 1986.

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1998. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1998. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

OBJETIVO: Apresentar os resultados da técnica de derivação urinária continente descrita por Macedo, em relação à continência, achados operatórios e complicações cirúrgicas. MÉTODOS: De janeiro de 2006 a novembro de 2016, 29 pacientes foram submetidos à técnica de Macedo. Dados demográficos, tempo de hospitalização, tempo cirúrgico, tempo de seguimento, taxa de continência, capacidade do reservatório e complicações pós-operatórias foram avaliados. RESULTADOS: Sessenta e nove por cento eram masculinos e a mediana de idade foi de 16,9 anos. A etiologia principal foi meningomielocele (69,1%). A média do tempo cirúrgico foi 4,2 h (DP 0,9 2,9-6,3). A mediana do tempo de internação foi 10 dias (IIQ: 11,3; 5-51). A média de seguimento foi 3,3 anos (DP 2,2 0,3 – 9,8). Procedimento no colo vesical foi realizado em 12 pacientes (41,3%). A taxa de continência do conduto cateterizável foi de 82,8%. A capacidade do reservatório aumentou de 134,4 para 364,4 ml (p <0.0001). A taxa de continência melhorou significativamente (20 vs. 74%, p <0.0001). Não houve mudança na taxa de filtração glomerular a longo prazo (143.1 vs. 147 ml/min, p = 0.45). Taxa de morbidade foi 58% (25 complicações em 17 pacientes), 72% ocorreram nos primeiros 60 dias e 60% foram classificadas Clavien-Dindo I ou II. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados em relação a taxas de continência, tempo cirúrgico e complicações demonstram que a enterocistoplastia de Macedo é viável, reprodutível e com bons resultados. / OBJECTIVE: To present the results of technique of continent urinary diversion, described by Macedo, in relation to continence, operative findings and postoperative complications. METHODS: From January 2006 to November 2016, 29 patients were underwent to urinary diversion by Macedo’s technique. Patients demographics, hospitalization time, surgical time, follow up, continence rate, reservoir capacity and postoperative complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Sixty nine percent were male and the median age was 16.9 years. The main etiology was meningomyelocele (69.1%). The mean surgical time was 4.2 hours (SD 0.9 range 2.9-6.3). The median length of hospital stay was 10 days (IQR: 11.3 range 5-51). The mean follow up was 3.3 years (SD 2.2 range 0.3 - 9.8). Procedure in the bladder neck was performed in 12 patients (41.3%). The continence rate of the catheterizable conduit was 82.8%. The reservoir capacity increased from 134.4 to 364.4 ml (p <0.0001). The continence rate improved significantly (20 vs. 74%, p <0.0001). There was no change in glomerular filtration rates in the long term (143.1 vs. 147 ml/min, p = 0.45). Morbidity rate was 58% (25 complications in 17 patients), 72% occurred within the first 60 days and 60% were classified as Clavien-Dindo I or II. CONCLUSION: Our results regarding continence rates, surgical time and complications demonstrated that Macedo’s enterocystoplasty is feasible, reproducible and with good result.

OBJETIVO: Apresentar os resultados da técnica de derivação urinária continente descrita por Macedo, em relação à continência, achados operatórios e complicações cirúrgicas. MÉTODOS: De janeiro de 2006 a novembro de 2016, 29 pacientes foram submetidos à técnica de Macedo. Dados demográficos, tempo de hospitalização, tempo cirúrgico, tempo de seguimento, taxa de continência, capacidade do reservatório e complicações pós-operatórias foram avaliados. RESULTADOS: Sessenta e nove por cento eram masculinos e a mediana de idade foi de 16,9 anos. A etiologia principal foi meningomielocele (69,1%). A média do tempo cirúrgico foi 4,2 h (DP 0,9 2,9-6,3). A mediana do tempo de internação foi 10 dias (IIQ: 11,3; 5-51). A média de seguimento foi 3,3 anos (DP 2,2 0,3 – 9,8). Procedimento no colo vesical foi realizado em 12 pacientes (41,3%). A taxa de continência do conduto cateterizável foi de 82,8%. A capacidade do reservatório aumentou de 134,4 para 364,4 ml (p <0.0001). A taxa de continência melhorou significativamente (20 vs. 74%, p <0.0001). Não houve mudança na taxa de filtração glomerular a longo prazo (143.1 vs. 147 ml/min, p = 0.45). Taxa de morbidade foi 58% (25 complicações em 17 pacientes), 72% ocorreram nos primeiros 60 dias e 60% foram classificadas Clavien-Dindo I ou II. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados em relação a taxas de continência, tempo cirúrgico e complicações demonstram que a enterocistoplastia de Macedo é viável, reprodutível e com bons resultados. / OBJECTIVE: To present the results of technique of continent urinary diversion, described by Macedo, in relation to continence, operative findings and postoperative complications. METHODS: From January 2006 to November 2016, 29 patients were underwent to urinary diversion by Macedo’s technique. Patients demographics, hospitalization time, surgical time, follow up, continence rate, reservoir capacity and postoperative complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Sixty nine percent were male and the median age was 16.9 years. The main etiology was meningomyelocele (69.1%). The mean surgical time was 4.2 hours (SD 0.9 range 2.9-6.3). The median length of hospital stay was 10 days (IQR: 11.3 range 5-51). The mean follow up was 3.3 years (SD 2.2 range 0.3 - 9.8). Procedure in the bladder neck was performed in 12 patients (41.3%). The continence rate of the catheterizable conduit was 82.8%. The reservoir capacity increased from 134.4 to 364.4 ml (p <0.0001). The continence rate improved significantly (20 vs. 74%, p <0.0001). There was no change in glomerular filtration rates in the long term (143.1 vs. 147 ml/min, p = 0.45). Morbidity rate was 58% (25 complications in 17 patients), 72% occurred within the first 60 days and 60% were classified as Clavien-Dindo I or II. CONCLUSION: Our results regarding continence rates, surgical time and complications demonstrated that Macedo’s enterocystoplasty is feasible, reproducible and with good result.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-18T18:47:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação - VERSÃO DEFINITIVA.pdf: 1089828 bytes, checksum: 4544a130daaff959ea08e49caa0831c4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T18:47:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação - VERSÃO DEFINITIVA.pdf: 1089828 bytes, checksum: 4544a130daaff959ea08e49caa0831c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-22 / Objetivos: O declínio da função vesical com a idade pode levar a comprometimento da qualidade de vida além de sérios problemas de saúde aos idosos. Assim, avaliaremos as alterações da função vesical com o envelhecimento em mulheres através do estudo urodinâmico e tentaremos desenvolver fórmulas que possam estimar os valores esperados dos parâmetros urodinâmicos avaliados de acordo com a idade. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva dos estudos urodinâmicos realizados no Serviço de Urologia do Departamento de Cirurgia do Hospital das Clínicas da UFPE, cadastrados no prontuário eletrônico www.infomed.net.br entre maio de 2011 e novembro de 2015, a fim de obter e calcular os parâmetros necessários para avaliar a função vesical em diferentes faixas etárias (18-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, 71-80 e maior que 80 anos). Além disso, excluímos pacientes com qualquer fator conhecido que tenha o potencial de afetar a função vesical que não a idade. Resultados: De um total de 3103 exames analisados, foram selecionadas 719 pacientes do sexo feminino para serem incluídas no estudo. A média de idade das pacientes foi de 49,3 anos e em todos os parâmetros avaliados (fluxo máximo, volume urinado, complacência vesical, capacidade cistométrica máxima, pressão detrusora no fluxo máximo, resíduo pós-miccional, índice de contratilidade vesical e índice de eficiência vesical) obtivemos correlação estatisticamente significante entre o declínio da função vesical e a idade. Ainda, conseguimos expressar por equações matemáticas a relação de causa-efeito por regressão linear. Conclusão: O presente estudo observou que há uma diminuição da função vesical tanto de armazenamento (diminuição da capacidade cistométrica máxima e complacência vesical) quanto de esvaziamento (diminuição do fluxo máximo, da pressão detrusora no fluxo máximo, do volume urinado, do índice de contratilidade vesical e do índice de eficiência vesical, assim como o aumento do resíduo pós-miccional) com o envelhecimento. Paralelamente, estamos propondo fórmulas que podem estimar os valores esperados dos parâmetros urodinâmicos avaliados de acordo com a idade, na população estudada. / Purposes: The bladder function declines with age and can lead to impaired quality of life and serious health problems in the elderly. The aim of the study is to evaluate changes in bladder function with aging in women by urodynamic study and try to develop equations that can estimate the expected values of the urodynamic parameters evaluated according to the age. Methods: A retrospective analysis of urodynamic studies in the Urology Service of the Department of Surgery - Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Pernambuco, recorded in the electronic medical database www.infomed.net.br among May 2011 and November 2015 was performed in order to obtain and calculate the parameters necessary to evaluate bladder function in different age groups (18-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, 71-80 and above 80 years). Patients with any factor that had the potential to affect bladder function were excluded. Results: 3103 urodynamics studies were analyzed and 719 female patients were selected. The average age of patients was 49.3 years and in all evaluated parameters (maximum flow, volume of urination, bladder compliance, maximum cystometric capacity, detrusor pressure at maximum flow, post-void residual urine volume, bladder contractility index and bladder voiding efficiency) statistically significant correlation between the decline of bladder function and age were obtained. Also we presented mathematical equations with cause-effect relationship by linear regression. Conclusion: The present study showed that there is a decrease in the bladder storage function (reduction in maximum cystometric capacity and bladder compliance) and in the bladder emptying function (reduction of the maximum flow, detrusor pressure at maximum flow, volume of the urination, contractility index urinary bladder and bladder voiding efficiency , as well increased post-void residual urine volume) with aging. Analyzing data let us to propose equations that can estimate the expected values of the urodynamic parameters evaluated according to the age in the studied population.

Orientador: Carlos Arturo Levi D'Ancona / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T07:14:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_DanielCarlosda_M.pdf: 1747195 bytes, checksum: f3a4238a53971be2f9795ab4204fa65d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Objetvos: Avaliar com realização do estudo urodinâmico, a recuperação da função vesical em pacientes com doença renal crônica sem causa urológica de base com longos períodos de oligúria / anúria, submetidos a transplante renal. Pacientes e Métodos: De abril de 2009 a junho de 2010, 30 pacientes apresentando oligúria / anúria, foram prospectivamente avaliados com estudo urodinâmico. Este foi realizado imediatamente antes e seis meses após o transplante renal. Os critérios de inclusão foram: idade > 18 anos, doença renal crônica sem causa urológica envolvida na sua etiologia, tempo de diálise superior a 12 meses, nome em lista de transplante com doador falecido. Foram excluídos pacientes com alteração no ultrassom de vias urinárias, uretrocistografia miccional e urianálise e com diurese residual de 24 horas superior a 1000ml. Resultados: Observou-se completa recuperação da função vesical após o retorno da diurese, no sexto mês pós-transplante, independente de haver ou não disfuncionalização vesical. As variações nos parâmetros urodinâmicos foram: primeira sensação de enchimento vesical: 88,8 para 168,7ml (p = 0,0005); primeiro desejo miccional: 137,2 para 251,1ml (p <0,0001); capacidade cistométrica máxima: 221,2 para 428,7ml (p<0,0001); complacência vesical: 73,9 para 138,6ml/cm H2O (p =0,03) e fluxo máximo: 8,1 para 15,8ml/s (p <0,0001). O número de Abrams-Griffths nos homens reduziu de 31,8 para 15,2 (p =0,002). Não se observou mudanças significativas na pressão detrusora no fluxo máximo e resíduo pós-miccional. Pacientes com diurese residual de 24 horas menor que 200ml apresentaram alterações urodinâmicas significativamente maiores antes do transplante. Conclusão: Completa recuperação da função vesical foi observada nos pacientes sem doença urológica, seis meses após o transplante renal e retorno do débito urinário / Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate by urodynamic assessment, recovery of bladder function in patients with end stage renal disease without urological causes with long term oliguria, submitted to renal transplant. Patients and Methods: From April 2009 to June 2010, 30 patients presenting defunctionalized bladders were prospectively evaluated with urodynamics. The studies were performed immediately before and six months after renal transplantation. Inclusion criteria were age >18 years-old, end-stage renal disease secondary to non-urological disease, renal substitutive therapy longer than 12 months, waiting for deceased donor organ. Exclusion criteria was: abnormal urinary tract ultrasound, voiding cystourethrography or urinalyses and 24 hours residual diuresis higher than 1000ml. Results: Complete recovery of bladder function was observed after return of diuresis, on the sixth month post transplantation, independently of the presence of bladder defunctionalization. Urodynamics parameters changes from baseline to six months were: first sensation of bladder filling: 88.8 to 168.7ml (p = 0.0005); first desire to void: 137.2 to 251.1ml (p <0.0001); maximum cystometric capacity: 221.2 to 428.7ml (p <0.0001); bladder compliance: 73.9 to 138.6 ml/cm H2O (p = 0.03) and maximum flow rate: 8.1 to 15.8 ml/s (p <0.0001). The Abrams-Griffths number in men reduced from 31.8 to 15.2 (p = 0.002). No significant chances were observed in detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate and post void residual volume. Patients with 24 hours diuresis volume lower than 200ml tended to have more significant abnormalities in urodynamics parameters before transplantation. Conclusions: A complete recovery of bladder function was observed in patients with end stage renal disease, without urological disease, six months after transplant, associated with recovery of urine output by the renal graft / Mestrado / Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica / Mestre em Ciências

Die Dysregulation von Neurotransmittersystemen spielt eine wesentliche Rolle für die Pathophysiologie des Bladder Pain Syndrom/Interstitielle Zystitis (BPS/IC). Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich daher mit der veränderten Expression muskarinerger (M2, M3) und purinerger (P2X1, P2X2, P2X3) Rezeptoren auf Urothelzellen und suburothelialen Myofibroblasten der Harnblasenwand im Rahmen BPS/IC. Dazu wurde eine Gruppe von Patientinnen mit Verdacht auf BPS/IC (n=17) einer Kontrollgruppe (n=7) gegenübergestellt. Die Gewebeproben der Patientengruppe sind im Zuge der Basisdiagnostik (transurethrales Harnblasenmapping) bei klinischem Verdacht auf das Vorliegen eines BPS/IC entnommen worden. Das Gewebe der Kontrollgruppe entstammt makroskopisch unauffälligen Bereichen von Harnblasen, welche im Rahmen einer radikalen Zystektomie oder einer lateral erweiterten endopelvinen Resektion (LEER-OP) entnommen worden sind. Die semi-quantitative Analyse der Rezeptorexpression erfolgte mittels indirekter Immunfluoreszenz, die Auswertung erfolgte mittels konfokaler Laserscanningmikroskopie. Die Ergebnisse der Patientengruppe wurden mit denen der Kontrollgruppe verglichen. Im Rahmen dessen wurde auch ein individuelles Rezeptorprofil für jeden Patienten erstellt. Es zeigte sich eine Hochregulation von M2R, M3R und P2X1R auf Urothelzellen sowie eine Hochregulation von M2R, M3R, P2X1R und P2X2R auf suburothelialen Myofibroblasten in der BPS/IC-Gruppe im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe. Des Weiteren zeigten sich individuelle Unterschiede in den Rezeptorprofilen der Patienten. Die Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund einer möglichen Beteiligung der Regulation von muskarinergen und purinergen Rezeptoren an der Pathophysiologie des BPS/IC diskutiert. Ferner werden diagnostische und therapeutische Möglichkeiten einer erweiterten Mollekulardiagnostik diskutiert.

Die Dysregulation von Neurotransmittersystemen spielt eine wesentliche Rolle für die Pathophysiologie des Bladder Pain Syndrom/Interstitielle Zystitis (BPS/IC). Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich daher mit der veränderten Expression muskarinerger (M2, M3) und purinerger (P2X1, P2X2, P2X3) Rezeptoren auf Urothelzellen und suburothelialen Myofibroblasten der Harnblasenwand im Rahmen BPS/IC. Dazu wurde eine Gruppe von Patientinnen mit Verdacht auf BPS/IC (n=17) einer Kontrollgruppe (n=7) gegenübergestellt. Die Gewebeproben der Patientengruppe sind im Zuge der Basisdiagnostik (transurethrales Harnblasenmapping) bei klinischem Verdacht auf das Vorliegen eines BPS/IC entnommen worden. Das Gewebe der Kontrollgruppe entstammt makroskopisch unauffälligen Bereichen von Harnblasen, welche im Rahmen einer radikalen Zystektomie oder einer lateral erweiterten endopelvinen Resektion (LEER-OP) entnommen worden sind. Die semi-quantitative Analyse der Rezeptorexpression erfolgte mittels indirekter Immunfluoreszenz, die Auswertung erfolgte mittels konfokaler Laserscanningmikroskopie. Die Ergebnisse der Patientengruppe wurden mit denen der Kontrollgruppe verglichen. Im Rahmen dessen wurde auch ein individuelles Rezeptorprofil für jeden Patienten erstellt. Es zeigte sich eine Hochregulation von M2R, M3R und P2X1R auf Urothelzellen sowie eine Hochregulation von M2R, M3R, P2X1R und P2X2R auf suburothelialen Myofibroblasten in der BPS/IC-Gruppe im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe. Des Weiteren zeigten sich individuelle Unterschiede in den Rezeptorprofilen der Patienten. Die Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund einer möglichen Beteiligung der Regulation von muskarinergen und purinergen Rezeptoren an der Pathophysiologie des BPS/IC diskutiert. Ferner werden diagnostische und therapeutische Möglichkeiten einer erweiterten Mollekulardiagnostik diskutiert.