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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Chov srnčí a černé zvěře v honitbě Drahotěšice-Radonice / Breeding of roe deer and wild boar in hunting Drahotěšice-Radonice

CHODIL, Josef January 2015 (has links)
This work deals with the evaluation of game management with roe deer and wild boar in hunting Drahotěšice-Radonice in the years 1993-2014. As a material for this work are used data from the records of hunting manager. It evaluates the annual evolution of aggregated states, the amount of hunting and implementation for hunting of roe deer. It is also evaluated catch weight and date of capture of roe deer and wild boars. On the ground of results are set recommendations for the managemet of roe deer and wild boar in hunting.
32

Analýza a hodnocení škod způsobených černou zvěří v regionu Milevsko / The Analysis and Evaluation of The Damages Caused by Wild Boar in The Region of Milevsko

KOTALÍK, Tomáš January 2012 (has links)
The diploma thesis is focused on the analysis of the damages which were caused by wild boar on farming plants in the region of Milevsko. Three areas of interest were chosen for the observation (the area around Sepekov, Přeštenice and Opařany). Each of the areas of interest observed was chosen because of its conditions suitable for the occurrence of wild boar during whole year. Each area had also ideal conditions for evaluating of the damages caused by this species on farming plants. The main aim of this diploma thesis was appraisal of the damages caused by wild boar according to the most suitable Czech and foreign methodologies. The observation was realized in the period from the beginning of February 2011 to the end of October 2011. The size of the damages on particular farming lands was measured according to three Czech methodologies (according to Dvořák et al., 2006). Total evaluation of the damages caused by wild boar on farming plants was realized according to Czech methodology by Kamler and two foreign methodologies (by Jonathan Yoder and Ray T. Sterner). The biggest damages caused by wild boar were found out in the area around Sepekov. The most attractive and also the most damaged farming plant was maize in the region of Milevsko. The damages of permanent grass cover caused by rooting of wild boar were found out only in spring term. Winter grains were mostly damaged by wild boar in the period of milky ripeness. In case of the usage of the methodologies for finding out the amount of damaged area it was necessary to choose the methodology according to the kind of a farming plant, the height of a plant and the kind of the damage. All three types of the methodologies used for finding out the total amount of damages caused by wild boar on farming plants were very exact and applicable to the chosen region.
33

Problematika kvality masa a kančího pachu / Issues of quality of pork meat and boar smell

NOVÁKOVÁ, Aneta January 2013 (has links)
This diploma work is focused on the processing of information concerning meat quality and boar taint. The use of boar meat is in recent years a very common theme in the area of animal welfare. In addition to traditional castration of pigs, for piglets which is physically and mentally exhausting, are now new alternatives previous occurrence of boar taint. In the first part of this work there are listed aspects of breeding pigs and boars, boar taint problems and ways to eliminate objectionable taint. Using selected methods of sensory analysis were assessed for weight samples graded boar meat. The aim was to determine the acceptability of boar taint threshold for the consumer . For the purposes of veterinary inspection in slaughterhouses in the Czech republic uses boil test to identify boar taint. In the practical part was used boil test, when evaluated in some samples found unpleasant taint. Women were more sensitive to the taint of the meat than men, wichic is caused by steroid hormones. In further tests of sensory consumer panel evaluations submitted samples according to their preferences from best to worst and then in pairs test described the intensity differences between samples. The test results were processed according to the methodology and standard of ČSN. Between samples of boar meat were found statistically significant differences at a confidence level of 95%.
34

Návrh provozního ekosystémového přístupu k současnému zemědělskému hospodaření v krajině s výskytem zvěře / Design of operational ecosystem approach to the current agricultural landscape management with the occurrence of game

ŠTANGLOVÁ, Milena January 2013 (has links)
No description available.
35

Analýza morfologických změn spermií kanců a jejich vliv na plodnost prasnic

ŠTVERÁK, Martin January 2018 (has links)
The aim of the work was to evaluate the quality of boar ejaculate in terms of sperm morphology and the influence on fertility of sows. The data came from 58 sperm collections from 8 boars of one line. The boars were housed in the semen collection centre under the same conditions and were in age from 11 to 21 months. In the ejaculate analysis, the evaluation of the pathologically changed sperms was performed by determining the frequency of the finding of individual morphological changes. To evaluate the effect of semen on the litter size, data from 123 successful inseminations and subsequent births were processed. The results showed that boars in most cases produced ejaculate with an average volume with a lower sperm concentration. The incidence of morphologically abnormal sperms was normal for almost all boars. The most common sperm abnormalities were immature sperms and defects of sperm flagella. It was confirmed that more piglets were born after using insemination doses made from sperm ejaculate with the higher sperm count. Furthermore, when using ejaculate with a morphologically abnormal sperm count below 15%, more piglets were born than when the sperm count was 1525%. In the case of immature sperms, a negative correlation with the number of born piglets has been proven.
36

Influência da contaminação bacteriana sobre os parâmetros espermáticos de suínos e perfil de resistência dos agentes isolados

Batista, Franciane 09 November 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:24:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA11MA086.pdf: 508247 bytes, checksum: 068115e565f2fefa22610ca6fc918645 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-09 / Artificial insemination is a established and applied biotech of reproduction to the current swine production, which main objective is to maximize the use of ejaculated, maintaining and improving reproductive efficiency. However, when there is a bacterial contamination in the semen, may be seriously impaired for sperm viability. Inseminated doses with bacterial contamination have reduced motility and pH, increase of agglutination, abnormalities of the acrosome and dead cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the bacterial contamination in semen collected in boar studs and relate it to quantitative and qualitative semen qualities, and test the sensitivities of the isolated agent using different antibiotics. Boar semen was collected from three artificial insemination centers in different regions of the state of Santa Catarina. These samples were analyzed at the Centro de Diagnóstico Microbiológico Animal CAV-UDESC, where it was performed the isolation, identification, bacterial count besides the antibiograns. The same samples were also evaluated for motility, vigor, concentration and agglutination. For this evaluation it was used data provided by the company. Smears were prepared from semen samples and stained with eosin-negrosina for the evaluation of sperm morphology. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using the GLM procedure of SAS statistical package. There was isolated 17 different bacterial genera, among which the most frequent were Staphylococcus sp. (26.43%), Proteus sp. (20.53%), Escherichia coli (9.47%), Pseudomonas sp. (11.05%), but there was not a significant correlation (P> 0.05) when comparing the number of colony forming unit / mL of semen with motility, concentration and morphological changes. It was found an isolated effect of the genus Staphylococcus sp. (P <0.05) causing a decrease in sperm motility of the samples where it was isolated. Most bacterial pathogens showed resistant to commercial antibiotics tested which refers to those used in the preparation of the inseminated doses from the boar studs / A Inseminação Artificial é uma biotécnica da reprodução bem estabelecida e aplicada na suinocultura atual, cujo objetivo principal é a maximização do uso dos ejaculados, mantendo e melhorando a eficiência reprodutiva. Entretanto, quando há contaminação bacteriana no sêmen, pode haver sério comprometimento para a viabilidade espermática. Doses inseminantes com contaminação bacteriana apresentam diminuição da motilidade e do pH, aumento da aglutinação, de anormalidades do acrossoma e de células mortas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi pesquisar a contaminação bacteriana em sêmens coletados em centrais de inseminação artificial e relacionar com suas qualidades quantitativas e qualitativas, além de testar a sensibilidades dos agentes isolados frente a diferentes antibióticos. Foi coletado sêmen suíno de três centrais de inseminação artificial em diferentes regiões do estado de Santa Catarina. Essas amostras foram submetidas à análise microbiológica no Centro de Diagnóstico Microbiológica Animal CAV-UDESC, onde foi realizado o isolamento, identificação, contagem bacteriana além dos antibiogramas. Estas mesmas amostras foram também avaliadas quanto à motilidade, vigor, aglutinações e concentração. Para esta avaliação foram utilizados dados fornecidos pela empresa. Foram realizados esfregaços das amostras de sêmen e corados com eosina-negrosina para a avaliação da morfologia espermática. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância utilizando-se o procedimento GLM do pacote estatístico SAS. Houve isolamento de 17 diferentes gêneros bacterianos, entre os quais os mais freqüentes foram Staphylococcus sp. (26,43%) Proteus sp. (20,53%), Escherichia coli (9,47%), Pseudomonas sp. (11,05%), porém não houve uma correlação significativa (P>0,05) quando comparados o número de unidade formadora de colônia /mL do sêmen com motilidade, concentração e alterações morfológicas. Foi encontrado um efeito isolado do gênero Staphylococcus sp. P(<0,05) provocando uma diminuição na motilidade dos espermatozóides das amostras onde o mesmo foi isolado. A maioria dos agentes bacterianos mostrou-se resistentes aos antibióticos comercias testados que foram aqueles mais utilizados para diluição de sêmen nas centrais de inseminação artificial
37

Impacto da diluição isotérmica e bitérmica sobre a qualidade do sêmen suíno / Impact of isothermic and bithermic dilution on quality of chilled boar sperm

Almeida, Maria Clara Silva de January 2014 (has links)
O uso de protocolos de diluição bitérmica está aumentando em centros de inseminação artificial e é necessário garantir que as doses de inseminação tenham a mesma qualidade quando comparado com protocolos de diluição isotérmica. Quatro ejaculados de cada 19 reprodutores PIC® foram coletados e distribuídos em split sample em três tratamentos: diluição bitérmica em duas etapas (T1), diluição isotérmica em duas etapas (T2) e diluição isotérmica em uma etapa (T3). A curva de temperatura para os três tratamentos foi feita utilizando um data logger com sensor de temperatura. As doses inseminantes foram preparadas utilizando o diluente BTS e armazenadas a 16ºC e usadas para avaliação dos parâmetros espermáticos através do Sistema CASA e avaliação de morfologia espermática, durante 120 horas. A temperatura das amostras de sêmen submetidas à diluição bitérmica em duas etapas alcançou 24,1ºC durante 120 minutos , enquanto que as amostras submetidas à diluição isotérmica em uma ou duas etapas alcançou 26,8ºC e 27,0ºC, respectivamente. A motilidade total, a progressiva e BCF foram influenciadas (P<0,05) pelo tempo de diluição, mas não pelo protocolo de diluição. A motilidade total e progressiva diminuiu com o tempo de armazenamento (91.0 ± 0.91 para 81.5 ± 1.08 % e 74.0 ± 2.48 para 60.4 ± 2.59% de 24h para 120h, para MOT e PROG, respectivamente) enquanto BCF diferiu entre 24 e 120h (28.6 ± 0.76 e 27.3 ± 0.79 Hz). As seguintes características de motilidade não foram afetadas pelo protocolo de diluição e pelo tempo de armazenamento: DAP, DCL, DSL, VAP, VCL, VSL, STR, LIN, WOB e ALH. Às 72 h de armazenamento, a morfologia espermática não diferiu entre os tratamentos (P>0.05), apresentando uma média geral de 9.2 ± 0.36 defeitos totais. Concluindo, a diluição bitérmica torna o processo de produção de doses inseminantes mais rápido, pois demoraram menos tempo para alcançar a temperatura próxima de armazenamento, sem comprometer a qualidade das doses inseminantes produzidas. / The use of bithermic dilution protocols is increasing in artificial insemination centers, being necessary to guarantee that the quality of insemination doses remain the same when compared to isothermic dilution protocols. Four ejaculates from each one of 19 crossbreed PIC® boars were collected and assigned, in a split sample design, in to three treatments: two step bithermic dilution (T1), two step isothermic dilution (T2) and one step isothermic dilution (T3). Temperature curve for the three treatments was recorded using a temperature sensor data logger. Semen doses prepared with BTS extender were stored at 16°C and were used to evaluate sperm parameters through CASA system and sperm morphology, during 120 h. The temperature in semen samples submitted to a two-step bithermic dilution reached 24.1ºC during 120 min, whereas one or two-step isothermic dilution samples reached 26.8ºC and 27.0ºC, respectively. Total motility, progressive motility and BCF were influenced (P<0.05) by the storage time but not by the dilution procedure. Total and progressive motility reduced throughout the storage time (91.0 ± 0.91 to 81.5 ± 1.08 % and 74.0 ± 2.48 to 60.4 ± 2.59% from 24h to 120h, for MOT and PROG respectively) whereas BCF differed between 24 and 120h (28.6 ± 0.76 and 27.3 ± 0.79 Hz). The following motility traits were neither affected by the dilution procedure nor by the time of storage: DAP, DCL, DSL, VAP, VCL, VSL, STR, LIN, WOB, and ALH. At 72 h of storage, sperm morphology was not different among treatments (P>0.05), showing an overall mean of 9.2 ± 0.36 total defects. In conclusion, the bithermic dilution makes the process of artificial insemination doses production faster by taking less time to reach a temperature close to that of storage, without impairing semen quality.
38

Características morfológicas estruturais e ultraestruturais da língua do javali (Sus scrofa) / Morphological structural characteristics and ultrastructural the tongue of wild boar (Sus scrofa)

Gabriela de Souza Reginato 15 December 2015 (has links)
Os Javalis da espécie Sus scrofa são mamíferos, omnívoros, não ruminantes, da ordem Artiodáctilos e da família Suidae. A língua possui um sistema altamente diferenciado de papilas, que apresentam amplas variações com influência direta das espécies. O objetivo do presente estudo consiste em descrever as características morfológicas estruturais e ultraestruturais do tecido lingual do Javali (Sus scrofa). As técnicas utilizadas foram microscopia de luz, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão possibilitando a aquisição de dados quantitativos e qualitativos. Quatro tipos de papilas foram encontrados na superfície dorsal da língua: filiforme, fungiforme, foliada e valada, sendo que as papilas filiformes estavam distribuídas por toda a superfície rostral da língua. Após a remoção epitelial as papilas conjuntivas filiformes revelaram-se cônicas. As papilas fungiformes foram encontradas na região medial e latero-caudal, assim como as papilas foliadas que possuem de três a quatro sulcos irregulares. Após a remoção epitelial as papilas conjuntivas fungiforme e foliada apresentaram projeções lineares em sua superfície. A papila valada foi encontrada na região caudal da superfície dorsal da língua, possui um formato oval e é rodeada por um sulco completo e após a remoção do tecido epitelial foi possível observar alguns ductos nas paredes do sulco. Os componentes ultraestruturais do epitélio dorsal da língua são: camadas epiteliais queratinizada, córnea, granular, espinhosa e basal, uma grande quantidade de colágeno foi encontrado na lâmina própria, assim como vários desmossomos e grânulos que queratohialina na camada granular. Conclui-se que as características morfológicas das papilas linguais do Javali assemelham-se com a de outros mamíferos / The boar of the species Sus scrofa are omnivorous, non-ruminant mammal of the order Artiodactyla and family Suidae. The language has a highly differentiated system of taste, which feature large variations with direct influence of species. The objective of the present study is to describe the structural and ultrastructural morphological characteristics of lingual tissue of wild boar (Sus scrofa). The techniques used were light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, enabling the acquisition of quantitative and qualitative data. Four types of papillae were found on the dorsal surface of the tongue: fungiform, filiform, foliate and vallate, the filiform papillae were distributed over the entire surface rostral of the tongue, which after removing the epithelial surface revealed conical connective tissue core. The fungiform papillae were found in the middle and latero-medial region, as well as the foliate papillae which have three or four irregular grooves. After removing the epithelial surface, the connective tissue core of the fungiform papillae and foliate papillae presented linear projections on their surface. The vallate papillae were found in the caudal region of the dorsal surface of the tongue, have an oval shape and are surrounded by a full groove and after removing the epithelial tissue it was possible to observe some ducts in the walls of the groove. The ultrastructural components of dorsal epithelium of the tongue are: keratinized epithelial layers, containing cornea, granular, and basal cells, as well as a large amount of collagen found in the lamina propria, and various desmosomes and gap junctions and keratohyaline beads on granular layer. We conclude that the morphological characteristics of the Boar lingual papillae are similar to that of other mammals
39

Influência do plasma seminal oriundo da fração rica do ejaculado sobre as características estruturais e na cinética do espermatozoide suíno conservado sob refrigeração a 17&deg;C por 72 horas / Influence of seminal plasma derived from the rich fraction of the ejaculate on the structural characteristics and the kinetics of the swine sperm stored under refrigeration at 17&deg;C for 72 hours

Diego Feitosa Leal 12 February 2016 (has links)
O plasma seminal é o constituintes não celular do sêmen suíno e contém uma série de componentes orgânicos e inorgânico que desempenham ações variadas tanto no trato reprodutivo masculino como no feminino. No entanto, este fluido de constituição complexa, exerce ações ambiguas sobre os espermatozoides suínos, pois pode atuar ao mesmo tempo de forma benéfica ou deletéria sobre a viabilidade destas células. Nesse sentido, alguns estudos sugerem que este não é o melhor meio para a conservação de espermatozoides. Desta forma o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do plasma seminal sobre a integridade das membranas plasmática e acrossomal e o potencial de membrana mitocondrial do espermatozoide suíno armazenado sob refrigeração a 17&deg;C por 72 horas. Para tanto, foram obtidos 4 ejaculados de 6 cachaços. Em seguida o sêmen in natura foi avaliado quanto às características da motilidade pelo sistema computadorizado de análise do sêmen, morfologia espermática por contraste de interferência diferencial e concentração espermática. Após essa primeira avaliação, os ejaculados foram acondicionados em tubos cônicos de 50 mL para serem divididos em três tratamentos, a saber: não centrifugado (NC), centrifugado e com o plasma seminal retirado pós-centrifugação (CS) e centrifugado resuspendido (CR). A força de centrifugação utilizada foi de 500xg por 10 minutos. Todos os tratamentos foram submetidos à diluição em meio BTS para que se obtenha uma concentração de 30 x 106 espermatozoides por mililitro (mL). Em seguida, as amostras permaneceram por 90 minutos em temperatura ambiente e protegidas da luz antes de serem armazenadas. As doses com os diferentes tratamentos foram acondicionadas à temperatura de 17&deg;C e foram avaliadas nos intervalos 0 (90 min pós-diluição), 24, 48 e 72 horas para os seguintes parâmetros: características da motilidade (CASA), integridade das membranas plasmática e acrossomal, estabilidade da membrana plasmática e peroxidação das membranas espermáticas (citometria de fluxo). Os tratamentos foram submetidos à análise de variância (PROC GLM), empregando-se o programa SAS (1998). Quando o principal efeito foi significativo, as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey-kramer ao nível de 5% de significância. Os resultados do presente estudo mostram que a ausência do plasma seminal foi deletéria para algumas características de motilidade, o mesmo ocorreu para a integridade das membranas plasmática e acrossomal uma vez que houve diminuição na percentagem de celulás espermáticas com membrana plasmatica integra e acrossomo integro no tratamento sem plasma seminal. A peroxidação lipídica das membranas e a manutenção da estabilidade da membrana plasmática não foram influenciadas pelo tratamento. Assim, conclui-se que a presença do plasma seminal em doses inseminantes refrigeradas por 72 h é importante para a manutenção das características de motilidade e para a integridade das membranas plasmáticas e acrossomal / The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of seminal plasma, from the rich fraction of the ejaculate, on kinetics, plasma and acrosome membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation and capacitation of extended liquid boar semen stored under refrigeration at 17&deg; C for 72 hours. For this purpose, four ejaculates from each of six boars were used. Shortly after collection and raw semen evaluation, ejaculates were extended in BTS medium and then assigned to one of three treatments, as follows: non-washed seminal plasma (NWSP), washed-seminal plasma (WSP) centrifuged with own seminal plasma suspended (CWSSP). All treatments were evaluated for sperm motility parameters by the sperm class analyzer (SCA). Plasma and acrosome membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation and sperm capacitation were evaluated by flow cytometry at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours post dilution. The mean percentage of sperm motility (total and progressive) were lower (p&lt;0.05) in the WSP treatment. There was an increase (p&lt;0.05) in the percentage of sperm with damaged acrosome and damage plasma membrane in the WSP treatment. Membrane lipid peroxidation did not differ (p&gt;0.05) irrespective of treatment nor did sperm capacitation, which was similar (p&gt;0.05) among treatments. Our results show that seminal plasma from the sperm rich fraction is important to maintain adequate structural and functional characteristics of extended liquid boar and should be present in seminal doses throughout the period of store
40

Impacto da diluição isotérmica e bitérmica sobre a qualidade do sêmen suíno / Impact of isothermic and bithermic dilution on quality of chilled boar sperm

Almeida, Maria Clara Silva de January 2014 (has links)
O uso de protocolos de diluição bitérmica está aumentando em centros de inseminação artificial e é necessário garantir que as doses de inseminação tenham a mesma qualidade quando comparado com protocolos de diluição isotérmica. Quatro ejaculados de cada 19 reprodutores PIC® foram coletados e distribuídos em split sample em três tratamentos: diluição bitérmica em duas etapas (T1), diluição isotérmica em duas etapas (T2) e diluição isotérmica em uma etapa (T3). A curva de temperatura para os três tratamentos foi feita utilizando um data logger com sensor de temperatura. As doses inseminantes foram preparadas utilizando o diluente BTS e armazenadas a 16ºC e usadas para avaliação dos parâmetros espermáticos através do Sistema CASA e avaliação de morfologia espermática, durante 120 horas. A temperatura das amostras de sêmen submetidas à diluição bitérmica em duas etapas alcançou 24,1ºC durante 120 minutos , enquanto que as amostras submetidas à diluição isotérmica em uma ou duas etapas alcançou 26,8ºC e 27,0ºC, respectivamente. A motilidade total, a progressiva e BCF foram influenciadas (P<0,05) pelo tempo de diluição, mas não pelo protocolo de diluição. A motilidade total e progressiva diminuiu com o tempo de armazenamento (91.0 ± 0.91 para 81.5 ± 1.08 % e 74.0 ± 2.48 para 60.4 ± 2.59% de 24h para 120h, para MOT e PROG, respectivamente) enquanto BCF diferiu entre 24 e 120h (28.6 ± 0.76 e 27.3 ± 0.79 Hz). As seguintes características de motilidade não foram afetadas pelo protocolo de diluição e pelo tempo de armazenamento: DAP, DCL, DSL, VAP, VCL, VSL, STR, LIN, WOB e ALH. Às 72 h de armazenamento, a morfologia espermática não diferiu entre os tratamentos (P>0.05), apresentando uma média geral de 9.2 ± 0.36 defeitos totais. Concluindo, a diluição bitérmica torna o processo de produção de doses inseminantes mais rápido, pois demoraram menos tempo para alcançar a temperatura próxima de armazenamento, sem comprometer a qualidade das doses inseminantes produzidas. / The use of bithermic dilution protocols is increasing in artificial insemination centers, being necessary to guarantee that the quality of insemination doses remain the same when compared to isothermic dilution protocols. Four ejaculates from each one of 19 crossbreed PIC® boars were collected and assigned, in a split sample design, in to three treatments: two step bithermic dilution (T1), two step isothermic dilution (T2) and one step isothermic dilution (T3). Temperature curve for the three treatments was recorded using a temperature sensor data logger. Semen doses prepared with BTS extender were stored at 16°C and were used to evaluate sperm parameters through CASA system and sperm morphology, during 120 h. The temperature in semen samples submitted to a two-step bithermic dilution reached 24.1ºC during 120 min, whereas one or two-step isothermic dilution samples reached 26.8ºC and 27.0ºC, respectively. Total motility, progressive motility and BCF were influenced (P<0.05) by the storage time but not by the dilution procedure. Total and progressive motility reduced throughout the storage time (91.0 ± 0.91 to 81.5 ± 1.08 % and 74.0 ± 2.48 to 60.4 ± 2.59% from 24h to 120h, for MOT and PROG respectively) whereas BCF differed between 24 and 120h (28.6 ± 0.76 and 27.3 ± 0.79 Hz). The following motility traits were neither affected by the dilution procedure nor by the time of storage: DAP, DCL, DSL, VAP, VCL, VSL, STR, LIN, WOB, and ALH. At 72 h of storage, sperm morphology was not different among treatments (P>0.05), showing an overall mean of 9.2 ± 0.36 total defects. In conclusion, the bithermic dilution makes the process of artificial insemination doses production faster by taking less time to reach a temperature close to that of storage, without impairing semen quality.

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