Bridging the gender wage gap-South African history on women and the disadvantages suffered-South African legislation governing discrimination-international instruments governing equal pay between genders-international instruments on how to bridge the gender wage gap-consider international instruments in South Africa to bridge the gender wage gap / Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Mercantile Law / LLM / Unrestricted

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Since Convention on the Rights of the Child of the United Nations are released, children's best interests becomes the highest principle for every state having legal system to deal with children's affairs. So we can say that the first serious mission of the subject of modern parent and tot's relation is protecting minor children's interests, then keeping the marriage and family peace and stable identity relations and etc. is the next. And in order to reach the above-mentioned purpose, the numerous countries have begun to examine their law of the marriage and family, even some advanced countries have abolished the differentiation between legitimate and illegitimate children too, in order to reach the demand for this two equalization. Now people of our country and mainland China ( what follows we call them two sides) contact with each other frequently, and then the extramarital sexual intercourse of people of two sides becomes numerous, and the quantity of the legitimate children also increases year by year. Base this, the announcement of the Equal Principle between legitimate and illegitimate children in mainland China marriage law has a deep meaning, but when we review our country, we find that our law about children's affairs has no response for the above-mentioned things. Even now our law about children's affairs still maintain the differentiation of legitimate and illegitimate children and also especially discriminate against the children of the mainland China in "The ordinance of people's relationship between Taiwan and mainland China ". So this thesis's aim is checking the legal system related to legitimate and illegitimate children of two sides by the standard namely with the children's best interests and look over them to find they observe the standard namely with the children's best interests or not. By the way, this thesis will try to find the reason and the cause that helping legal system about legitimate and illegitimate children stand out ,and try to find the real way to make legitimate children equal with illegitimate children in the modern status which has varied family type and varied pattern of both sexes getting along with each other. To this end, the thesis want to set up a new ¡§legitimate children presumption¡¨system to adapt to the above-mentioned purpose, and doesn't make children unequal just because their parents aren't husband and wife , and our law ¡]or mainland China's law¡^about children's affairs will juxtapose advanced countries.

Title: The effect of instrumental lymphatic drainage of the lower limbs on postural stability in patients with unilateral lymphedema. Aims: The main aim of this study is to asses the effect of instrumental lymphatic drainage on the static and dynamic postural stability in people with unilateral lymphedema of the lower extremities. Summary: The study was done in October 2020. Due to the epidemiological situation around the Covid-19 pandemic, 13 probands aged 30-80 years were included in the study. The circumferences of the lower limbs were measured before and after the application of instrumental lymphatic drainage. The postural stability of the probands was tested on the ProKin252 posturograph with the following tests: Stability Compared Double Stance, Limits of Stability and Balance Both Feet. Measurements by these tests were performed before and after instrumental lymphatic drainage intervention, which lasted 50 minutes. Lower limb circumference results were written into recording sheets and test results were downloaded from the patient's file in PDF format. Final data were processed using LibreOffice Calc and SciPy library tools. To calculate differences, the following statistical methods were used: Shapiro-Wilk test, Student's T-test and Wilkoxon paired sequence test. We used Fisher's exact...

Background and Objectives: I investigated the use of sensitivity analyses in assessing statistical results or analytical approaches in three different statistical issues: (1) accounting for within-subject correlations in analyzing discrete choice data, (2) handling both-armed zero-event studies in meta-analyses for rare event outcomes, and (3) incorporating external information using Bayesian approach to estimate rare-event rates. Methods: Project 1: I empirically compared ten statistical models in analyzing correlated data from a discrete choice survey to elicit patient preference for colorectal cancer screening. Logistic and probit models with random-effects, generalized estimating equations or robust standard errors were applied to binary, multinomial or bivariate outcomes. Project 2: I investigated the impacts of including or excluding both-armed zero-event studies on pooled odds ratios for classical meta-analyses using simulated data. Five commonly used pooling methods: Peto, Mantel-Haenszel fixed/random effects and inverse variance fixed/random effects, were compared in terms of bias and precision. Project 3: I explored the use of Bayesian approach to incorporate external information through priors to verify, enhance or modify the study evidence. Three study scenarios were derived from previous studies to estimate inhibitor rates for hemophilia A patients treated with rAHF-PFM: 1) a single cohort of previously treated patients, 2) individual patient data meta-analysis, and 3) an previously unexplored patient population with limited data. Results and Conclusion: Project 1: When within-subject correlations were substantial, the results from different statistical models were inconsistent. Project 2: Including both-armed zero-event studies in meta-analyses increased biases for pooled odd ratios when true treatment effects existed. Project 3: Through priors, Bayesian approaches effectively incorporated different types of information to strengthen or broaden research evidence. Through this thesis I demonstrated that when analyzing complicated health research data, it was important to use sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of analysis results or proper choice of statistical models. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Der vorliegende Sammelband, der auf eine Vortragsreihe zurückgeht, die unter dem Titel Aesthetic Dimensions of Alevi Cultural Heritage im Winter 2017/18 vom Orient-Institut Istanbul veranstaltet wurde, setzt genau an diesem Punkt an.

近年來，世界青年就業問題持續發酵，中國大陸與台灣學生的就業問題也同樣嚴重。拋開大環境下的客觀原因，學生自身也存在不少問題，比如就業意識不強，就業能力不足等。生涯成熟度是個體在完成與其年齡相應的職業生涯發展任務的心理準備程度，是衡量個體生涯發展水平的有效工具，為提高學生就業能力和相關機構開展就業輔導提供理論基礎。目前，對生涯成熟度的研究逐漸增多，但針對兩岸學生的比較研究還為數甚少。因此展開這方面的研究是有意義的。 本研究爬梳整理了歸於生涯成熟度的的相關文獻，借鑑成熟的生涯成熟度量表，并進一步篩選，以此問卷對1404名政治大學和南京大學的學生進行生涯成熟度調查。研究結果發現：1.本次研究的學生樣本總體生涯成熟度處於較為成熟的狀態；2.學生生涯成熟度並不存在學校的差異；3.學生生涯成熟度存在性別的差異，男性的生涯成熟度高於女性；4.學生生涯成熟度存在教育程度的差異，受教育程度越高，生涯成熟度越高；5.學生生涯成熟度存在年級的差異，大學期間，兩者之間存在正相關關係，但大學延畢生的生涯成熟度最低；研究所期間，生涯成熟度隨年級增長而下降；6.學生生涯成熟度不存在文理專業的差異；7.學生生涯成熟度存在在校成績的差異，兩者為正相關關係；8.學生生涯成熟度存在學生幹部的差異，有學生幹部經驗的學生生涯成熟度高於沒有經驗的學生，擔任班級幹部的學生生涯成熟度高於其他類型的學生幹部；9.學生生涯成熟度不存在社團經驗的差異；10.學生生涯成熟度存在工作經驗的差異，有工作經驗的學生生涯成熟度高於沒有經驗的學生。生涯成熟度隨著工作時間的增長呈現「S」型增長；11.學生生涯成熟度不存在獨生子女的差異；12.學生生涯成熟度存在家庭經濟狀況的差異，家庭經濟較差的學生生涯成熟度最高；13.學生生涯成熟度不存在母親教育程度的差異，存在父親教育程度的差異，父母教育程度越低，生涯成熟度越高；14.學生生涯成熟度不存在學生生源的差異。 / In recent years, the youth employment is becoming more and more serious. Apart from the objective reasons, students’ inadequate employment competitiveness and consciousness also account for the status quo. Career maturity is the level of preparedness, an individual reaches when dealing with his/ herage- appropriate career development tasks. So, career maturity is an effective measurement to test individual’s career developmentlevel and provides the theoretical basis for practical study. Now, more and more people start to research the career maturity, but the research specifically aimed at the comparison of Chinese Mainland and Taiwan is rare. Therefore, the study is inevitably. Based on related literature review on career maturity, referring to the Career Maturity Questionnaire, the study discusses the career maturity and its affecting factors of students of Nanjing University and National Chengchi University. The results are as following: 1. Students’career maturity are not high;2. Campus, major, club experience and the sources of students bear little influence on career maturity;3. There is significant difference in gender;4. There is significant relation between students’ career maturity and their education degree;5. The career maturity differences in grades;6. The career maturity is in positive relation to academic score;7. The students who have the student leader and work experience get higher career maturity than others;8. The fact of being the only child or not does not relate to career maturity significantly;9. Family economic background impacts students’ career maturity;10. Parents’ education level has negative correlation with career maturity.

I denna jämförande studie analyseras vad det androgyna gör med identiteten och det kreativa skapandet i romanerna Orlando av Virginia Woolf och How to be both av Ali Smith. Analysen görs utifrån Virginia Woolfs tanke om ”the androgynous mind” samt Judith Butlers teori om performativitet. Studien visar att Virginia Woolf `s tanke med ”the androgynous mind” går att finna i Orlando och How to be both utifrån vad det androgyna tillför konsten och identiteten i de båda romanerna. Studien visar också att Butlers teori om performativitet som här använts för att undersöka och jämföra vad som sker när protagonisterna ”spelar” sina nya könsidentiteter går att finna i båda romanerna.

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2017-09-06T19:04:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Franciléia_Silva2016.pdf: 2149526 bytes, checksum: ea47360bf858aa139e83502eba59b4e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-06T19:04:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Franciléia_Silva2016.pdf: 2149526 bytes, checksum: ea47360bf858aa139e83502eba59b4e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The importance of Brazil's agricultural activity boosts for researches that can be developed with different focuses such as the influence of soil properties on crops and spatial analysis of soil, in order to achieve a better management, with less environmental impact and increase crop yield as soybeans and maize. Besides yield, studies involving parameters such as quality are essential, since raw materials are seen as a possibility to be used in industry. Thus, this trial aimed at carrying out spatial analysis of quality parameters for soybean and maize (protein and oil content). The index of spatial dependence was calculated, while thematic maps were drawn. Further, analysis of spatial correlation among these parameters and attributes of soil was carried out as well as physical (soil penetration resistance) and chemical of soil (P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn MO, Al, pH, H+Al, SB, SMP e Sat. Al, texture (sand, silt and clay), altitude and yield were also recorded. This trial was carried out in two areas (A and B) cropped with soybeans (summer crop) and maize (winter maize) under no-tillage system. Among the studied attributes, K content was significantly correlated (positively) with soybean protein in both experimental areas (A and B) as well as in both studied agricultural years (2012/2013 and 2013/2014.). Clay and mechanical resistance to penetration at 20-30 cm depth showed negative correlation with soybean protein in area B in both agricultural years. Soybean protein and its oil were inversely correlated in both experimental areas: area A (2013/14) and area B in both years (2012/13 and 2013/14). The corn protein showed no spatial dependence. But the oil content presented moderate spatial dependence and showed an inverse correlation with productivity in both areas under study. / A importância da atividade agrícola do Brasil faz com que pesquisas sejam desenvolvidas com focos distintos como a influência dos atributos do solo nas culturas e análise espacial do solo, a fim de se realizar um manejo mais adequado, com menor impacto ambiental e aumentar a produtividade das culturas, dentre elas a soja e o milho. Além da produtividade, verifica-se a importância de estudos que envolvam parâmetros como a qualidade, tendo em vista a possibilidade de utilização da matéria prima para a indústria. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma análise espacial dos parâmetros de qualidade (proteína e teor de óleo) de soja e milho. Calculou-se o índice de dependência espacial e elaboraram-se mapas temáticos. Buscou-se ainda realizar a análise de correlação espacial entre estes parâmetros e atributos físicos (resistência do solo à penetração) e químicos do solo (P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn MO, Al, pH, H+Al, SB, SMP e Sat. Al), textura (areia, silte e argila), altitude e com a produtividade. O experimento foi conduzido em duas áreas cultivadas (A e B) com soja (safra de verão) e milho (safrinha) sob sistema de plantio direto. Dentre os atributos estudados, o teor de K correlacionou de forma significativa (positiva) com a proteína de soja, nas duas áreas experimentais (A e B) e nos dois anos agrícolas estudados (2012/2013 e 2013/2014.). A argila e a resistência mecânica à penetração na profundidade (20-30 cm) apresentaram correlação negativa com a proteína de soja na área B nos dois anos agrícolas. A proteína de soja e o óleo de soja correlacionaram-se inversamente nas duas áreas experimentais: área A (2013/14) e na área B nos dois anos (2012/13 e 2013/14). Já o teor de proteína de milho não demonstrou dependência espacial. Já o teor de óleo apresentou dependência espacial moderada e apresentou correlação inversa com a produtividade nas duas áreas em estudo.

The present research studies marital dissolution using data from both spouses from the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) and uses the method of multiple imputation to handle missing data. Role theory and another four approaches (social exchange theory, stake theory, gender perspective and heterogeneity perspective) are used to make a methodological argument why using data from both spouses is necessary to study marital stability. Five data sets are imputed and there are 3,777 observations in each imputed data set. Main research findings are as followed. First, the model fits of the data from both spouses on marital dissolution are significantly better than the model fits of the data from one spouse only; therefore, gathering perceptual data from both spouses is necessary to understand marital dissolution. Second, overall, the effects of most spousal discrepancies do not support the heterogeneity perspective. Third, the model fits of the wife only model are significantly better than the model fits of the husband only model across different periods of marital duration, and the predictability of wives' variables is more stable than husbands' variables. Therefore, if only individual-level data are available to use, researchers are encouraged to use wives' data rather than husbands' data. Fourth, the predictability of factors varies with marital duration and gender in the models with data from both spouses.