Opatrná, Michaela - The Library of Melchior Gniesen von Kobach Faculty of Philosophy at Charles University, Prague 1, sq. Jana Palacha 2 Thesis supervisor: PhDr. Richard Šípek, Ph.D. The aim of this Thesis is to describe the newly discovered Library of Melchior Gniesen von Kobach († 1627), the Council of the Appellate court and the Chancellor of the Maltese Order, which is currently located in Maltese library stored in the Library of the National Archive of the Czech Republic (includes 184 vol.). The theoretical part presents a basic information about the formation and form of town libraries in the early modern period, short description of the Knights of St John in Bohemia, description of the history and current state of the convent library in Prague, Melchior Gniesen's CV and presentation of his library. In the practical part thereis a complete catalog of the surviving books of the Library of Melchior Gniesen, its content and formal analysis, followed by evaluation of the importance of work. Used research methods are: observation, document analysis and analogy.

Cette étude porte sur la représentation de femmes bourgeoises par l’artiste brésilienne Georgina de Albuquerque (1885-1962), active durant la première moitié du 20e siècle. Appartenant elle-même à la bourgeoisie, Albuquerque était sensible aux réalités que vivaient ces femmes, notamment au début du 20e siècle, une époque marquée par d’importants changements qui ont entraîné une augmentation de la présence des femmes dans les centres urbains. Largement absente des livres d’histoire de l’art, Albuquerque avait pourtant réussi à se tailler une place importante dans le monde de l’art : parmi les reconnaissances obtenues de son vivant, elle était devenue la première femme à diriger l’École nationale des beaux-arts à Rio de Janeiro. M’appuyant sur des images et textes de l’époque, ainsi que sur les travaux d’historiennes de l’art telles que Ruth Iskin et Griselda Pollock afin de réfléchir à la « Femme nouvelle » ou aux espaces occupés par les femmes de la bourgeoisie, j’analyse les représentations du quotidien de ces femmes au sein de la société patriarcale. Je me penche ainsi sur deux scènes de genre, en mettant l’accent sur les espaces dans lesquels les femmes sont représentées : Coin de la rivière (vers 1926), où deux femmes se trouvent dans un espace public, et Jeunes femmes et ara (sans date), où l’on voit deux femmes dans un espace privé. Albuquerque dépeint les libertés acquises par les bourgeoises au début du 20e siècle, ainsi que les limites de ces libertés, se trouvant déchirées entre l’envie d’occuper pleinement leur place dans la société et les contraintes imposées par une culture patriarcale qui cherche à les cantonner au rôle de maîtresse de maison. Adoptant un style impressionniste qui lui permet de s’exprimer plus librement, Albuquerque représente l’amitié comme jouant un rôle essentiel pour surmonter ces défis, démontrant ainsi l’importance d’une sororité pour que les femmes puissent s’épanouir dans l’espace privé comme public. Albuquerque cultivait des liens d’amitié avec d’autres femmes dans sa propre vie, lesquels ont été importants pour le développement de sa carrière tout comme pour celles d’autres artistes femmes. L’étude de l’héritage artistique inestimable d’Albuquerque ouvre la voie pour faire sortir de l’obscurité cette remarquable artiste impressionniste brésilienne. / This study focuses on the representation of bourgeois women by Brazilian artist Georgina de Albuquerque (1885–1962), active in the first half of the twentieth century. As a member of this social class, Albuquerque was sensitive to the realities experienced by these women, particularly at the beginning of the twentieth century, a period marked by important changes that led to an increased presence of women in urban centers. Largely ignored by the history of art, Albuquerque succeeded in carving out an important place for herself in the artworld of her time: among the recognitions achieved during her lifetime, she became the first woman director of the National School of Fine Arts in Rio de Janeiro. My study brings together images and texts of the period, as well as the work of art historians such as Ruth Iskin and Griselda Pollock to think about representations of the “New Woman” and of the spaces in which women are represented within patriarchal society. I concentrate on two genre scenes, focusing on the spaces in which the women protagonists are depicted: River Corner (circa 1926), where two women are in a public space, and Young Women and Ara (no date), which shows two women in a private space. Albuquerque depicts the freedoms acquired by bourgeois women in the early 20th century – as well as the limits of those freedoms – as they struggle between the desire to fully occupy their place in society and the constraints imposed by a patriarchal culture that tries to limit them to the role of mistress of the house. Embracing an impressionist style that allows her to express herself more freely, Albuquerque portrays friendship as essential to overcoming these challenges, demonstrating the importance of sisterhood. This study underlines the importance of this sorority for women to achieve fulfillment in both the private and public spheres. Albuquerque cultivated this bond with other women in her own life, maintaining ties that were important to the development of her career as well as those of other female artists. Studying Albuquerque’s inestimable legacy opens the way to lifting this remarkable Brazilian impressionist artist from obscurity. / Este estudo tem como foco a representação da mulher burguesa pela artista brasileira Georgina de Albuquerque (1885-1962), atuante na primeira metade do século XX. Como integrante dessa classe social, Albuquerque foi sensível às realidades vividas por essas mulheres, principalmente no início do século XX, período marcado por importantes mudanças que levaram a uma maior presença feminina nos centros urbanos. Em grande parte ignorada pela história da arte, Albuquerque conseguiu conquistar um lugar de destaque no mundo artístico de seu tempo: entre os reconhecimentos alcançados em vida, está o de primeira mulher diretora da Escola Nacional de Belas Artes do Rio de Janeiro. O estudo reúne imagens e textos da época, bem como o trabalho de historiadoras da arte como Ruth Iskin e Griselda Pollock, para pensar as representações da "Nova Mulher" e os espaços de representação da mulher na sociedade patriarcal. Analiso duas cenas de género, centrando-me nos espaços em que as mulheres protagonistas são representadas: Canto do rio (cerca de 1926), onde duas mulheres se encontram num espaço público, e Moças e arara (sem data), que mostra duas mulheres num espaço privado. Albuquerque retrata as liberdades adquiridas pelas mulheres burguesas no início do século XX - bem como os limites dessas liberdades -, que se debatem entre o desejo de ocupar plenamente o seu lugar na sociedade e os constrangimentos impostos por uma cultura patriarcal que tenta limitá-las ao papel de dona de casa. Abraçando um estilo impressionista que lhe permite expressar-se mais livremente, Albuquerque retrata a amizade como essencial para ultrapassar estes desafios, demonstrando a importância da irmandade. Este estudo salienta a importância desta irmandade para que as mulheres se realizem tanto na esfera privada como na esfera pública. Albuquerque cultivou esse vínculo com outras mulheres em sua própria vida, mantendo laços que foram importantes para o desenvolvimento de sua carreira e de outras mulheres artistas. O estudo do valioso legado de Albuquerque abre caminho para tirar da marginalidade essa notável artista impressionista brasileira.