Text in Afrikaans / Hierdie navorsing is gerig op die aanwending van narratiewe pastorale terapie met breadwinners wat werksonsekerheid tydens 'n rasionaliseringsproses ervaar. Die studie is kwalitatief van aard en is gebaseer op narratiewe pastorale gesprekvoerlng esook die proses van meervoudige refleksie waardeur die navorsing gerig en aangepas word. As navorser was ek deelnemer in die proses van verandering waarin veralgemening genegeer is en die rol van persoonlike kennis beklemtoon is. Die terapie is gerig op proaktiewe optrede tydens die rasionaliseringsproses en is ten opsigte van elkeen van die deelnemers aangewend in pasmaakgesprekke waartydens hul unieke behoefles aandag geniet het. Deur die metode van eksternalisering is die invloed van werksonsekerheid op die deelnemers geeksploreer en is hulie aangemoedig om in 'n ander verhouding tot die probleem van werksonsekerheid le staan. Namate die deelnemers tydens hierdie proses belangrike skuiwe op die vlak van identiteit gemaak het, ken hulie die toekoms met nuwe hoop bejeen. / The research was directed at the application of narrative pastoral therapy with breadwinners experiencing job insecurity during a process of rationalisation. This qualitative study was based on narrative pastoral conversations as well as the process of multiple reflection through which the research was directed and adapted. As researcher, I was a participant in the process of change in which generalisations were negated and the role of personal knowledge emphasised. The therapy was directed at proactive action during the rationalisation process and was applied in respect of each of the participants in a customised conversation. The influence of job insecurity on the participants was explored through the method of externalisation and they were encouraged to adopt a new relationship to the problem of job insecurity. In the process, as each participant made important shifts on the level of identity, they wera able to view the future with new hope. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Praktiese Teologie (Pastorale Terapie))

The purpose of this research was to determine whether horizontal equity in the taxation of individuals in South Africa improved after the legislative changes from 1984 to 1995 and the Katz Commission recommendations. After an extensive literature study, horizontal equity in the taxation of individuals in South Africa was defined as the equivalent tax treatment in equivalent economic circumstances for the same economic units. The household as the economic unit, is the unit to be considered when evaluating horizontal equity. The study also reviewed the solutions found in other countries for the dilemma of the one-breadwinner versus the two-breadwinner married couple. It was found that the tax systems of most countries provide relief to the one-breadwinner couple while the working wife was taxed separately from her husband or had the option to be taxed separately. An important part of this study compared the tax of the unmarried taxpayer and the married couple as the units for horizontal equity. It was found that, although two-breadwinner married couples were discriminated against until the separate taxation of married couples was introduced, the one-breadwinner couple and single taxpayers with dependants now suffer more horizontal inequity than was previously the case. The research indicated that to attain greater horizontal equity provision should also be made for families and households with only one breadwinner (breadwinner being defined as the provider in a one-breadwinner couple or a ·taxpayer with dependents). Recommendations made to alleviate this inequity are transferable allowances for spouses, or, without ~ontravening the Constitution's demands for equality, a separate rate schedule for breadwinners, a fixed allowance or rebate for breadwinners, or a proportional allo~ance depending on the breadwinner's income. The study also addressed the financial and administrative implications and political acceptability of these recommendations and concluded that the proportional allowance, although expensive, would come the closest to providing the greatest horizontal equity. The research into the international tax measures to promote equity revealed that horizontal equity could be further promoted by providing tax relief for child-care and day-care facilities. This would benefit both the two-breadwinner married couple and the single parent with dependent children. / Financail accounting / D.Com. (Applied Accountancy)

PhD (Sociology) / Department of Sociology / The purpose of the study was to explore and understand the circumstances, which influence abused female breadwinners to stay in nuptial contracts and to model coping strategies for their plight. The study was qualitative in nature and an explorative case study design of abused married female breadwinners who had reported cases at Thohoyandou Victim Empowerment Programme (TVEP) trauma centers in the Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, South Africa was used. A critical case purposive sample was used to draw a cross-sectional sample of 12 participants from a total population of 1800 female breadwinners who reported cases between 2010 and 2015. The data collection methods were; in-depth interviews, focus group discussions from the same participants and key informants‟ interviews from three TVEP female managers. The three data collection techniques ensured triangulation for more complete and well-validated outcomes of the study. The data analysis method was the Van Mann. The study found out that a plethora of circumstances that involves the following; culture, the desire to take care of children, culture, religion, social needs, social status and entrapment influences abused married female breadwinners to stay in abusive marriages. As a result, they are forced to devise some coping strategies that include; problem solving strategies, reporting to the police, protection orders, seeking refuge, alcohol abuse and dependence, counselling, religious intervention, social support to cope with their plight. Establishing the reasons was critical in coming up with intervention methods that may help to curb abuse and coping strategies that may assist them in their plight. / NRF

This thesis is focused on consequences which are associated with the loss of a breadwinner in the family. The aim is to identify and describe the impacts on families and compare these consequences in the cases of divorce and death. At first this paperwork brings information about family and its peculiarities. Other chapters are devoted to single-parent families as a result of a divorce, and death. In these chapters, we focused on the impacts of these two events. There are described primarily impacts on economic, social, educational and psychological aspects of the family. Information in this chapter are supported by excerpts from interviews that were conducted with several women, who have lost husbands, and thus became the breadwinners. The next chapter is devoted to the role of the state in this issue. It describes how family policy is designed and how the state directly compensates for the loss of a breadwinner in these two cases. The end of this chapter provides a brief description of family policy, focusing on the loss of a breadwinner in several other European Union states. The last chapter provides an analysis of the interviews, and there we can see what are the impacts on the family, which single mothers perceive. And what is the difference in impacts at these two events.

Paare und Paarbeziehungen sind – in westlichen, paarnormativen Gesellschaften – eine hegemoniale Lebensform. (Heterosexuelle) Paare (re-)produzieren in ihren Interaktionen und Aushandlungen – ihrem doing couple und doing inequality – nicht nur Geschlecht (im Sinne von Gender), sondern wesentlich auch gesellschaftliche Ungleichheiten. Paarbeziehungen sind daher ein wichtiges Untersuchungsfeld der Geschlechterforschung; die Paarbeziehung wird hierbei als eigenständige Analyseeinheit betrachtet. Paare werden in der (soziologischen) Geschlechterforschung aber auch auf die Frage hin untersucht, ob sich mit dem Brüchigwerden des männlichen Ernährermodells im globalen Norden ein Wandel der Paar- und Liebesleitbilder abzeichnet und sich u.a. auch dadurch Ungleichheiten im Geschlechterverhältnis verändern, verringern oder neue entstehen.

Familienpolitik bezeichnet ein Politikfeld im Wohlfahrtsstaat, dessen Ziel es ist, das Zusammenleben in Familien im Lebensverlauf mit Hilfe von Zeit, Geld und Infrastruktur zu unterstützen. Die Definition von Familie hat sich ebenso wie das Politikfeld stetig gewandelt. Aus Perspektive der (intersektionalen) Geschlechterforschung lassen sich verschiedene historische Phasen seit Gründung der Bundesrepublik beschreiben. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist der paradigmatische Wandel der Familienpolitik seit der Jahrtausendwende: Im Zuge dessen etablierten sich zunehmend ein volkswirtschaftlicher Begründungszusammenhang für Familienpolitik und die Verknüpfung von Elternschaft mit Erwerbstätigkeit.