O propósito deste trabalho é dar uma contribuição ao projeto iniciado por Hornos & Hornos que visa explicar as degenerescências do código genético como resultado de sucessivas quebras de simetria ocorridas durante sua evolução. O modelo matemático usado requer a construção de todas as representações irredutíveis de dimensão 64 das álgebras de Lie simples (chamadas representações de códons) e a análise de suas regras de ramicação sob redução a subalgebras. A classicação de todas as possibilidades é baseada na classicação das subalgebras maximais das álgebras de Lie semisimples obtida por Dynkin. No presente trabalho, os resultados de Dynkin são apresentados em linguagem e notação moderna e são aplicados ao problema de construir todas as possíveis cadeias de subalgebras maximais das álgebras de Lie simples B_6 = so(13) e D_7 = so(14) e de identicar aquelas que reproduzem as degenerescências do código genético. / The purpose of this work is to make a contribution to the project initiated by Hornos & Hornos which aims at explaining the degeneracy of the genetic code as the result of a sequence of symmetry breaking that occurred during its evolution. The mathematical model employed requires the construction of all 64-dimensional irreducible representations of simple Lie algebras (called codon representations) and the analysis of their branching rules under reduction to sub-algebras. The classification of all possibilities is based on Dynkins classification of the maximal sub-algebras of semi-simple Lie algebras. In the present work, Dynkins results are presented in modern language and notation and are applied to the problem of constructing all possible chains of maximal sub-algebras of the simple Lie algebras B_6 = so(13) and D_7 = so(14) and of identifying all those that reproduce the degeneracies of the genetic code.

Neste trabalho resolvemos o problema da classicação dos possíveis esquemas de quebra de simetria que reproduzem as degenerescências do código genético na categoria dos grupos finitos simples, contribuindo assim para a busca de modelos algébricos para a evolução do código genético, iniciada por Hornos & Hornos. / In this work we solve the problem of classifying the possible symmetry breaking schemes based on simple finite groups that reproduce the degeneracies of the genetic code, thus contributing to the search for algebraic models that describe the evolution of the genetic code, initiated by Hornos & Hornos.

Prediction of chip-breaking in machining is an important task for automated manufacturing. There are chip-breaking limits in maching chip-breaking processes, which determine the chip-breaking range. This paper presents a study of chip-breaking limits with grooved cutting tools, and a web-based machining chip-breaking prediction system. Based on the chip-breaking curve, the critical feed rate is modeled through an analysis of up-curl chip formation, and the critical depth of cut is formulated through a discussion of side-curl dominant chip-formation processes. Factors affecting chip-breaking limits are also discussed. In order to predict chip-breaking limits, semi-empirical models are established. Although the coefficients that occur in the model are estimated through machining tests, the models are applicable to a broad range of machining conditions. The model parameters include machining conditions, tool geometry, and workpiece material properties. A new web-based machining chip-breaking prediction system is introduced with examples of industrial applications.

Au cours des dernières années, le transport aérien de passagers connaît un développement sans cesse croissant et continue ainsi d’accroire sa contribution aux émissions mondiale de CO2. Par conséquent, un effort commun entre les avionneurs est fait pour diminuer les émissions de CO2 et de polluants. Pour encourager cet effort, les réglementations deviennent de plus en plus drastiques en terme d'émissions et de polluants tels que le CO2, les NOx mais aussi le bruit. Ces nouvelles limitations sont à la fois définies à court et moyen-long termes pour inciter les motoristes à travailler sur les technologies de plus en plus efficientes.Pour concevoir des moteurs toujours plus performants tout en respectant ces réglementations à court terme, les motoristes travaillent sur l'optimisation de leurs technologies conventionnelles, en améliorant des leviers bien identifiés comme l'augmentation du taux de compression. Cependant, cette optimisation des turbomachines actuelles a déjà atteint un niveau de maturité très élevé. Il semble ainsi difficile de continuer indéfiniment leurs optimisations. Par conséquent, pour atteindre les objectifs à moyen-long terme, les motoristes sont dès aujourd'hui en train d'étudier des nouveaux systèmes propulsifs avancés comme les chambres de Combustion à Volume Constant (CVC) qui peuvent accroître le rendement thermique. Contrairement aux chambres de combustion traditionnelles, qui fonctionnent à flux continu, les chambres CVC opèrent de façon cyclique afin de créer un volume constant pendant la phase de combustion et libérer les gaz chauds dans les étages de turbines.Pendant cette thèse, une approche numérique permettant d'évaluer ce type de chambres est développée. Tout l'enjeu est de pouvoir étudier des chambre de combustion intégrant des parties mobiles, qui permettent de créer le volume constant dédié à la combustion tout en évitant les fuites à travers ces systèmes mobiles lors de l'élévation de la pression dans la chambre. Cette modélisation doit aussi prédire correctement les phases transitoires comme l'admission des gaz frais, qui pilote la phase de combustion. Cette étude utilise des objets immergés pour modéliser les parties mobiles. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont de rendre ces objets immergés imperméables et adapter la méthode aux différents modèles utilisés pour étudier les milieux réactifs tels que le modèle de combustion ECFM-LES ou encore l'injection liquide Lagrangienne utilisée pour résoudre l'injection du fuel.Dans cette étude, une nouvelle formulation est développée puis testée sur différents cas tests de plus en plus représentatifs des chambres CVC. Cette approche numérique est ensuite évaluée sur une chambre réel étudiée expérimentalement au laboratoire PPRIRME de Poitiers. Dans cette dernière étude, deux cas non réactifs permettent de comparer les évolutions de pression à deux endroits dans la dispositif expérimental, ainsi que les champs de vitesse au sein de la chambre de combustion, aux simulations réalisées. Pour ces cas complexes, l'utilisation des objets immergés permet de prédire les résultats expérimentaux à un coût attractif.Un des cas non réactif est ensuite carburé et allumé pour confronter l'évolution pression et les champs de vitesse dans la chambre de combustion des résultats numériques obtenus aux mesures expérimentales. L'approche numérique développée a permis d’enrichir les données expérimentales, d'analyser les variabilités cycle-à-cycle rencontrées au banc et d'identifier les leviers qui permettraient d'optimiser ce type d’architecture. / Over the past few years, aircrafts have become a common means of transport, thus continuously increasing their contribution to global CO2 emissions. Consequently, there is a common effort between aircraft manufacturers to reduce CO2 and pollutant emissions. To encourage this effort, regulations are becoming more and more stringent on the emissions and pollutants like CO2, NOx and noise. These regulations are both defined in the short and medium-long terms to urge aircraft manufacturers to work on more and more efficient technologies.In order to design more efficient engines while respecting the short term objectives, engine manufacturers are working on the improvement of conventional architectures by using well-known levers like the increase of the Overall Pressure Ratio (OPR). However, the optimization of the present turbomachinery has already reached a high level of maturity and it seems difficult to continuously enhance their performances. Consequently, to reach the medium-long term objectives, engine manufacturers are working on new advanced propulsion systems such as the Constant Volume Combustion (CVC) chambers, which can increase the thermal efficiency of the system. Contrary to present turbomachinery which are burning fresh gases continuously, CVC chambers operate cyclically so as to create the constant vessel dedicated to the combustion phase and to expand the burnt gases into turbine stages.In this PhD thesis, a numerical approach is developed to allow the evaluation of these kind of combustors. The challenge is to be able to evaluate CVC chambers by taking into account the moving parts which create the constant volume and avoid mass leakages through these moving parts during the increase of the combustion chamber pressure when the combustion occurs. This approach also has to correctly predict unsteady phases like the intake, which directly controls the combustion process.These moving parts are modeled with a Lagrangian Immersed Boundary (LIB) method .The main goals of this thesis is to make the LIB as airtight as possible and to render this approach compatible with the different models which are adapted to analyse reactive flows such as the ECFM-LES combustion model or Lagrangian liquid injection, used for fuel sprays. In this study, a new formulation is developed and tested on several test cases from very simple ones to cases more representative of CVC chambers.Then, this approach is evaluated on a real chamber experimentally analysed in PPRIME laboratory in Poitiers. Two non-reactive operating points are used to compare the experimental pressure at two positions in the apparatus and the experimental velocity fields in the combustion chamber with the numerical results. In this complex configuration, the LIB method allows the prediction of the experimental results with a low CPU cost. As in the experiment, one non-reactive case is carburized and ignited to compare the measured pressure and the velocity fields in the combustion chamber with the simulations. The proposed numerical approach allows the data enhancement of the experiment and then the analysis of the cycle-to-cycle variability encountered during the experimental measurements. Last but not least, this method enables the identification of the different levers that could decrease the variability and then could improve operability of this type of combustors.

Cette thèse étudie numériquement l'impact d'une onde déferlante à l'échelle de la vague. Dans un premier temps, le phénomène de percussion présent sur de faibles durées est décrit dans deux cas de lâcher de barrage. Les résultats montrent que la réduction du pas d'espace induit des changements locaux dans le profil d'interface avant l'impact. Ces changements influencent fortement les pics de pression, rendant ainsi leur estimation impossible. L'influence de lagéométrie locale de l'interface est théoriquement étudiée sur le cas d'un jet triangulaire. En développant deux lois semi-empiriques, nous montrons que pour des interfaces fortement inclinées, les pics de pression sont très sensibles aux variations d'angles incidents. L'impact d'une onde déferlante est traité en initialisant le déferlement par la mise en place d'un couplage faible de modèles BEM/VOF afin d'approcher la forme du jet avec une précision optimale. Les efforts critiques sont calculés pour des obstacles situés à différentes altitudes. L'intensité des pics est en accord avec la théorie pour des angles inférieurs à 70°. Deux types d'impacts sont étudiés en appliquant les résultats du jet triangulaire au cas de jets courbes. / Numerical simulations are performed to describe different cases of breaking wave impacts at the wave scale. The main purpose is to assess short duration pressure peak involved in impulsive loads. The academical case of a triangular wedge hitting a vertical wall allows to investigate the origin of pressure peak and connect their magnitudes to the local interface inclination. Theoretical results enable us to derive two semi-empirical laws which show that pressure peaks are very sensitive to angle variations for strong interface inclination, making thus theire assessment difficult. This result is illustrated on a breaking dam case for which mesh size has shown to have a great influence on the incident jet shape, revealing that pressure peak assessment requires to know accurately interface profile. The case of a breaking wave is treated by setting up a coupling approach (VOF / BEM). This method allows to accurately approximate the interface profile at the beginning of the breaking stage. Pressure peaks are in good agreement with the theoretical results for angles lower than 70°. Two differents types of impacts are then treated by applying results from triangular case to breaking wave jet and the influence of interface curvature on pressure peak evolution is studied.

O propósito deste trabalho é dar uma contribuição ao projeto iniciado por Hornos & Hornos que visa explicar as degenerescências do código genético como resultado de sucessivas quebras de simetria ocorridas durante sua evolução. O modelo matemático usado requer a construção de todas as representações irredutíveis de dimensão 64 das álgebras de Lie simples (chamadas representações de códons) e a análise de suas regras de ramicação sob redução a subalgebras. A classicação de todas as possibilidades é baseada na classicação das subalgebras maximais das álgebras de Lie semisimples obtida por Dynkin. No presente trabalho, os resultados de Dynkin são apresentados em linguagem e notação moderna e são aplicados ao problema de construir todas as possíveis cadeias de subalgebras maximais das álgebras de Lie simples B_6 = so(13) e D_7 = so(14) e de identicar aquelas que reproduzem as degenerescências do código genético. / The purpose of this work is to make a contribution to the project initiated by Hornos & Hornos which aims at explaining the degeneracy of the genetic code as the result of a sequence of symmetry breaking that occurred during its evolution. The mathematical model employed requires the construction of all 64-dimensional irreducible representations of simple Lie algebras (called codon representations) and the analysis of their branching rules under reduction to sub-algebras. The classification of all possibilities is based on Dynkins classification of the maximal sub-algebras of semi-simple Lie algebras. In the present work, Dynkins results are presented in modern language and notation and are applied to the problem of constructing all possible chains of maximal sub-algebras of the simple Lie algebras B_6 = so(13) and D_7 = so(14) and of identifying all those that reproduce the degeneracies of the genetic code.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:09:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tomaz_ca_me_botfca.pdf: 487855 bytes, checksum: be47693a22aa1ab44526ee86dda601aa (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O tempo de 28 dias recomendado pelas Regras para Análise de Sementes (RAS) para o teste de germinação de sementes de Panicum maximum é considerado excessivo para produtores, comerciantes e laboratórios de análise de sementes forrageiras, que dependem dos resultados do teste para a tomada de decisões de controle de qualidade e comercialização. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar o tempo necessário para a condução do teste de germinação de Panicum maximun cv. Tanzânia. Na pesquisa, 30 lotes de sementes fiscalizadas foram submetidas ou não (testemunha) aos seguintes tratamentos para a superação dormência: germinação em substrato umedecido com KNO3 (0,2%), escarificação com ácido sulfúrico (98% 36N) por 5 minutos e testemunha. Os lotes foram avaliados pelo teste de germinação sob duas condições de temperaturas alternadas (20-30ºC e 15-35ºC), com luz (78 μmol s-1 m-2/ 8h). Para a identificação da data de término do teste foram realizadas contagens diárias do número de plântulas normais e para cada lote, tratamento de superação de dormência e temperatura, foi ajustada uma curva de crescimento para a avaliação da germinação. As sementes remanescentes do teste de germinação foram seccionadas longitudinalmente e medianamente através do embrião para a realização do teste de tetrazólio. As duas metades da semente foram imersas em uma solução de tetrazólio a 0,1% e mantidas em câmara escura, à 37ºC, por um período de 3 horas e após esse período as sementes foram lavadas e a leitura feita imediatamente, classificando-se as sementes em viáveis e não viáveis (mortas). No delineamento experimental os 30 lotes foram considerados... / The time of 28 days recommended by the Rules for Seed Analysis (RAS) to test the germination of Panicum maximum is considered excessive for producers, traders and laboratory analysis of forage seeds, which depend on the results of the test for making decisions of quality control and marketing. The present study aimed to determine the time required for the conduct of the germination test of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania. In the survey, 30 seed lots were audited or not (control) to the following treatments to overcome dormancy: germination in soak with KNO3 (0.2%), scarification with sulfuric acid (98% 36N) for 5 minutes and witness. The lots were assessed by the germination test under two conditions of alternating temperatures (20-30ºC and 15-35°C) with light (78 μmol s-1 m-2/ 8h). To identify the date of termination of the test were made daily counts of the number of normal seedlings for each lot, treatment of overcoming dormancy and temperature, was fitted a curve of growth for the assessment of germination. The remaining seeds in the germination test were sectioned longitudinally through the embryo and medium for the completion of the tetrazolium test. The two halves of the seeds were immersed in a solution of tetrazolium to 0.1% and kept in dark room, at 37º C for a period of 3 hours and after that period the seeds were washed and reading made immediately, sorting out the seeds into viable and non viable (dead). In the experimental design the 30 lots were considered the repetitions, resulting in estimates of the parameters of the segmented regression model for each treatment, was performed an analysis of variance where the treatments were compared to overcome dormancy and temperature. Through regression model was targeted to estimate the time required to conduct the germination test, determining whether the value at which the difference between the estimated asymptote... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Cibele Chalita Martins / Banca: João Nakagawa / Banca: Ciniro Costa / Resumo: O tempo de 28 dias recomendado pelas Regras para Análise de Sementes (RAS) para o teste de germinação de sementes de Panicum maximum é considerado excessivo para produtores, comerciantes e laboratórios de análise de sementes forrageiras, que dependem dos resultados do teste para a tomada de decisões de controle de qualidade e comercialização. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar o tempo necessário para a condução do teste de germinação de Panicum maximun cv. Tanzânia. Na pesquisa, 30 lotes de sementes fiscalizadas foram submetidas ou não (testemunha) aos seguintes tratamentos para a superação dormência: germinação em substrato umedecido com KNO3 (0,2%), escarificação com ácido sulfúrico (98% 36N) por 5 minutos e testemunha. Os lotes foram avaliados pelo teste de germinação sob duas condições de temperaturas alternadas (20-30ºC e 15-35ºC), com luz (78 μmol s-1 m-2/ 8h). Para a identificação da data de término do teste foram realizadas contagens diárias do número de plântulas normais e para cada lote, tratamento de superação de dormência e temperatura, foi ajustada uma curva de crescimento para a avaliação da germinação. As sementes remanescentes do teste de germinação foram seccionadas longitudinalmente e medianamente através do embrião para a realização do teste de tetrazólio. As duas metades da semente foram imersas em uma solução de tetrazólio a 0,1% e mantidas em câmara escura, à 37ºC, por um período de 3 horas e após esse período as sementes foram lavadas e a leitura feita imediatamente, classificando-se as sementes em viáveis e não viáveis (mortas). No delineamento experimental os 30 lotes foram considerados... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The time of 28 days recommended by the Rules for Seed Analysis (RAS) to test the germination of Panicum maximum is considered excessive for producers, traders and laboratory analysis of forage seeds, which depend on the results of the test for making decisions of quality control and marketing. The present study aimed to determine the time required for the conduct of the germination test of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania. In the survey, 30 seed lots were audited or not (control) to the following treatments to overcome dormancy: germination in soak with KNO3 (0.2%), scarification with sulfuric acid (98% 36N) for 5 minutes and witness. The lots were assessed by the germination test under two conditions of alternating temperatures (20-30ºC and 15-35°C) with light (78 μmol s-1 m-2/ 8h). To identify the date of termination of the test were made daily counts of the number of normal seedlings for each lot, treatment of overcoming dormancy and temperature, was fitted a curve of growth for the assessment of germination. The remaining seeds in the germination test were sectioned longitudinally through the embryo and medium for the completion of the tetrazolium test. The two halves of the seeds were immersed in a solution of tetrazolium to 0.1% and kept in dark room, at 37º C for a period of 3 hours and after that period the seeds were washed and reading made immediately, sorting out the seeds into viable and non viable (dead). In the experimental design the 30 lots were considered the repetitions, resulting in estimates of the parameters of the segmented regression model for each treatment, was performed an analysis of variance where the treatments were compared to overcome dormancy and temperature. Through regression model was targeted to estimate the time required to conduct the germination test, determining whether the value at which the difference between the estimated asymptote... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

O método variacional foi usado para estudar a possibilidade de existência de um vácuo composto da Eletrodinâmica Quântica. Um ansatz contendo um condensado de pares elétron - pósitron foi investigado e uma equação de otimização para a função de onda do condensado foi encontrada. A prescrição de renormalização utilizada quebrou a simetria de escala inicialmente presente no Lagrangiano. A equação de otimização foi rededuzida resolvendo-se a equação de Schwinger-Dyson para a auto-energia do elétron. Expressões tanto para a massa dinamicamente gerada para o elétron, em termos da função de onda dos pares, quanto para a dependência da constante de acoplamento com o parâmetro de massa (ponto de renormalização) foram apresentadas. Nossos cálculos, entretanto, nos levaram a concluir que, pelo menos dentro de nossa abordagem, não é possível a existência de tal vácuo composto da Eletrodinâmica Quântica. / The variational method was used to study the possibility of existence of a composed vacuum of the Quantum Electrodynamics. An ansatz containing a condensate of electron-positron pairs was investigated and an optimization equation for the condensate wave function was encountered. The renormalization prescription used broke the scale symmetry initially present in the Lagrangian. Once more the optimization equation was derived. This time this was done by the resolution of Schwinger-Dyson equation to the electron self energy. An expression to the dynamically generated mass of the electron, in terms of the condensate wave function, was presented, as well as the mass parameter dependence of the coupling constant. Our calculations, however, lead us to conclude that the existence of such composed vacuum of the Quantum Electrodynamics is not possible, at least within our approach.

Os objetivos da tese foram comparar a dinâmica folicular e luteínica (Experimento 1), bem como a eficiência reprodutiva (Experimento 2) de búfalas leiteiras submetidas a protocolos de IATF à base de progesterona/estrógeno (P4/E2) e eCG durante as estações reprodutivas favorável (ERF; maio, junho e julho) e desfavorável (ERD; novembro, dezembro e janeiro) do ano. No Experimento 1 foram utilizadas 51 búfalas leiteiras de uma propriedade e no Experimento 2, 351 búfalas leiteiras de 5 propriedades. Para comparar o efeito das ER, cada propriedade teve semelhante número de animais submetidos à IATF nas respectivas ERF e ERD, tanto no Experimento 1 (n=25 vs. n=26) quanto no Experimento 2 (n=168 vs. n=183). Todas as propriedades se localizavam na região do Vale do Ribeira, Estado de São Paulo. Em dias aleatórios do ciclo estral (D-12; 16:00 h), todas as búfalas receberam um dispositivo intravaginal contendo 1 g de P4 (iP4; Sincrogest&reg;, Ourofino Agronegócio) mais 2,0 mg de benzoato de estradiol i.m. (Sincrodiol&reg;, Ourofino Agronegócio). No D-3 (16:00 h), as fêmeas receberam 0,53 mg de PGF2&#945; i.m. (Cloprostenol, Sincrocio&reg;, Ourofino Agronegócio) e 400 UI de eCG i.m. (Novormon&reg; MSD Saúde Animal), seguido de remoção do dispositivo de progesterona. No D-1 (16:00 h), 10 &micro;g de acetado de buserelina (GnRH, Sincroforte&reg; Ourofino Agronegócio) foram administrados i.m. A IATF foi realizada 16 horas após a administração de GnRH (D0; 8:00 h). No D0 foram determinados o intervalo de dias em lactação (DEL) e o escore de condição corporal das fêmeas (ECC; 1-5). Avaliações ultra-sonográficas (Chison D600Vet, China) foram realizadas no Experimento 1 para determinar: diâmetro do folículo dominante entre a retirada do iP4 e a IATF (&#216;FD), o diâmetro do folículo ovulatório (&Oslash;FO), o momento da ovulação, a dispersão das ovulações, a presença e o diâmetro do corpo lúteo (&#216;CL) após a ovulação. No Experimento 2, determinaram-se a taxa de ciclicidade (presença de corpo lúteo no D-12 e/ou no D-3); o diâmetro do folículo dominante nos D-3 e D0 (&#216;FD); a taxa de ovulação e diâmetro do corpo lúteo 10 dias após a IATF (&#216;CL D+10); os diagnósticos de gestação aos 30 (P/IA 30 d) e 45 dias (P/IA 45 d) após a IATF, além da taxa de mortalidade embrionária (ME) entre 30 e 45 dias, a mortalidade fetal (MF) entre 45 dias e o nascimento e a perda gestacional (PG) entre 30 dias e o nascimento. As variáveis contínuas foram apresentadas como média e erro padrão da média (média±EPM) e as frequências como porcentagem [% (n/n)]. A comparação entre as variáveis foi realizada por análise de variância (ANOVA), por meio do programa SAS&reg;. Foi considerada diferença quando P < 0,05. No Experimento 1, observou-se que a dinâmica ovariana não foi influenciada pelas respectivas ERF e ERD para as seguintes variáveis: &#216;FD (0 h 10,3±0,4 vs. 9,9±0,5 mm; 24 h 11,8±0,5 vs. 12,0±0,4; 48 h 12,8±0,5 vs. 13,2±0,4; e 60 h 13,8±0,6 vs. 13,1±0,5; P=0,80); &#216;FO (14,3±0,4 vs. 14,2±0,3 mm; P=0,94); momento da ovulação (76,5±1,9 vs. 72,0±2,5 h; P=0,85); dispersão das ovulações (24 |- 48 h 0,0 vs. 0,0%; 48 |- 60 h 12,5 vs. 37,5%; 60 |- 72 h 41,7 vs. 33,3%; 72 |- 84 h 41,7 vs. 25,0%; 84 |- 96 h 4,2 vs. 0,0%; e 96 |- 108 h 0,0 vs. 4,2%; P=0,18) e &#216;CL (D+6 17,3±0,5 vs. 16,9±0,4; D+10 21,5±0,6 vs. 18,4±0,5; e D+14 20,6±0,6 vs.19,9±0,6; P=0,06). No Experimento 2, pôde-se observar que apesar das búfalas apresentarem semelhança em DEL (111,1±8,8 vs. 144,3±8.6 dias; P=0,27) e ECC (3,3±0,0 vs. 3,3±0,0; P=0,41) nas respectivas ERF e ERD, houve diferença nas taxas de ciclicidade [76,2 (128/168) vs. 42,6% (78/183); P=0,02]. Nenhuma das outras respostas diferiu entre as ERF e ERD, respectivamente: &#216;FD D-3 (9,6±0,2 vs. 9,8±0,2 mm; P=0,35); &#216;FD D0 (13,1±0,2 vs. 13,2±0,2 mm; P=0,47); taxa de ovulação [86,9 (146/168) vs. 82,9% (152/182); P=0,19]; &#216;CL D+10 (19,0±0,3 vs. 18,4±0,3 mm; P=0,20); P/IA 30 d [66,7 (112/168) vs. 62,7% (111/177); P=0,31]; P/IA 45 d [64,8 (107/165) vs. 60,2% (106/176); P=0,37]; ME [1,8 (2/111) vs. 3,6% (4/110); P=0,95]; MF [21,9 (18/82) vs. 8,0% (7/87); P=0,13]; e PG [23,8 (20/84) vs. 12,1% (11/91); P=0,13]. Foi possível concluir que búfalas leiteiras apresentam semelhantes respostas ovarianas ao protocolo de sincronização e equivalente eficiência reprodutiva nas ERF e ERD do ano, quando submetidas a programas de IATF à base de P4/E2 e eCG. / This thesis aimed to compare the follicular and luteal dynamics (Experiment 1) and reproductive efficiency (Experiment 2) of dairy buffaloes submitted to TAI protocols based on progesterone/estrogen (P4/E2) and eCG during the breeding (On-BS; May, June and July) and nonbreeding seasons (Off-BS; November, December and January). In Experiment 1, 51 dairy buffalo of one farm were used, and in Experiment 2, 351 dairy buffaloes of 5 farms were used. To compare the effect of BS, each property had similar number of animals submitted to TAI in each, both in Experiment 1 (n = 25 vs. n = 26) as in Experiment 2 (n = 168 vs. n = 183). All properties were located in the Vale do Ribeira, State of São Paulo, Brazil. On random days of the estrous cycle (D-12; 4:00 PM), all buffaloes received an intravaginal device containing 1 g of P4 (Sincrogest&reg;, Ourofino Agronegócio) plus 2.0 mg of estradiol benzoate im (Sincrodiol&reg;, Ourofino Agronegócio). On D-3 (4:00 PM), females received 0.53 mg of PGF2&#945; im (Cloprostenol, Sincrocio&reg;, Ourofino Agronegócio) and 400 IU of eCG im (Novormon&reg;, MSD Animal Health), followed by removal of progesterone device. On D-1 (4:00 PM), 10 mg of buserelin acetate (GnRH Sincroforte&reg;, Ourofino Agronegócio) were administered im. The TAI was performed 16 hours after application of GnRH (D0; 8:00 AM). At the beginning of each protocol (D-12), it was recorded the number of days in milk (DIM) and body condition score of females (BCS, 1-5). Ultrasonography (Chison D600Vet, China) were performed in Experiment 1 to determine: the diameter of the dominant follicle between withdraw of iP4 and TAI (&#216;DF), the diameter of the ovulatory follicle (&#216;OF), the time of ovulation, the dispersion of ovulation, and the presence and diameter of the corpus luteum (&#216;CL) after ovulation. In Experiment 2, was determined cyclicity rate (the presence of corpus luteum in the D-12 and/or D-3), diameter of the dominant follicle in the D-3 and D0 (&#216;DF), ovulation rate, diameter of the corpus luteum 10 days after artificial insemination (&#216;CL D+10); pregnancy rates to 30 (P/AI 30 d) and 45 days (P/AI 45 d) after TAI, embryonic mortality (EM) between 30 and 45 days, fetal mortality (FM) between 45 days and birth, and pregnancy loss (PL) between 30 days and birth. Continuous variables were presented as mean and standard error of the mean (mean±SEM) and frequencies as a percentage [% (n/n)]. The comparison between variables was performed through analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the SAS&reg; program. Difference was considered when P < 0.05. In Experiment 1, it was found that the ovarian dynamics was not influenced by the respective On-BS and Off-BS for the following variables: &#216;DF (0 h 10.3±0.4 vs. 9.9±0.5 mm; 24 h 11.8±0.5 vs. 12.0±0.4; 48 h 12.8±0.5 vs. 13.2±0.4; and 60 h 13.8±0.6 vs. 13.1±0.5; P = 0.80); &#216;OF (14.3 ± 0.4 vs. 14.2 ± 0.3 mm; P = 0.94); timing of ovulation (76.5 ± 1.9 vs. 72.0 ± 2.5 h; P = 0.85); dispersion of ovulations (24 |- 48 h 0.0 vs. 0.0%; 48 |- 60 h 12.5 vs. 37.5%; 60 |- 72 h 41.7 vs. 33.3%; 72 |- 84 h 41.7 vs. 25.0%; 84 |- 96 h 4.2 vs. 0.0%; and 96 |- 108 h 0.0 vs. 4.2%; P = 0.18) and &#216;CL (D+6 17.3±0.5 vs. 16.9±0.4; D+10 21.5±0.6 vs. 18.4±0.5; and D+14 20.6±0.6 vs.19.9±0.6; P = 0.06). In Experiment 2, it was observed that despite the similarity of DIM (111.1 ± 8.8 vs. 144.3 ± 8.6 d, P = 0.27) and BCS (3.3 ± 0.0 vs. 3.3 ± 0.0; P = 0.41) on respective On-BS Off-BS, buffalo females showed different cyclicity rates [76.2 (128/168) vs. 42.6% (78/183); P = 0.02]. None of the other answers differ between On-BS and Off-BS respectively: &#216;DF D-3 (9.6 ± 0.2 vs. 9.8 ± 0.2 mm; P = 0.35); &#216;DF D0 (13.1 ± 0.2 vs. 13.2 ± 0.2 mm; P = 0.47); ovulation rate [86.9 (146/168) vs. 82.9% (152/182); P = 0.19]; &#216;CL + D 10 (19.0 ± 0.3 vs. 18.4 ± 0.3 mm, P = 0.20); P/AI d 30 [66.7 (112/168) vs. 62.7% (111/177); P = 0.31]; P/AI d 45 [64.8 (107/165) vs. 60.2% (106/176); P = 0.37]; EM [1,8 (2/111) vs. 3.6% (4/110); P = 0.95]; FM [21.9 (18/82) vs. 8.0% (7/87); P = 0.13]; and PL [23.8 (20/84) vs. 12.1% (11/91); P = 0.13]. It was concluded that dairy buffaloes have similar responses to ovarian synchronization protocol and equivalent reproductive efficiency during OnBS and OffBS, when subjected to TAI programs based on P4 / E2 and eCG.