<p>In this report, you will be able to read about how the teacher with the help of others can / should do to support the aggressive pupil towards a more healthy behavior.</p>

In this report, you will be able to read about how the teacher with the help of others can / should do to support the aggressive pupil towards a more healthy behavior.

According to the General Theory of Crime, lower self-control individuals with sufficient opportunities are most likely to engage in crime or analogous acts. This study tested three hypotheses drawn from the General Theory of Crime. Specifically, this study tested the low selfcontrol to rule-breaking behavior association, self-selection and tested restricted or enhanced opportunities as moderators of the low self-control and rule-breaking link. Early adolescents reported their self-control, unsupervised time, parental solicitation, rules, affiliation with antisocial peers and rule-breaking behavior. Parents reported their perceptions of adolescents' rule-breaking. Lower self-control was associated with more adolescent- but not parent-reported rule-breaking. Lower self-control was linked to more rule-breaking behavior indirectly through unsupervised time, parental solicitation and antisocial peers. Lower self-control was more strongly associated with rule-breaking at higher, as compared to lower, levels of opportunities. Results clarify and extend understanding of the role of restricted or enhanced opportunities in the General Theory of Crime.

The aim of this study is to understand the risk factors contributing to juvenile delinquency for young men in Sweden. Previous research shows that juvenile delinquency is a theme that exists in all communities and affects several areas of society such as family relations, social relations, academic achievement as well as individual consequences. In this essay, the focus is on identifying risk factors putting young men at greater risk of committing crimes, but also explaining the underlying causes of why these risk factors exist by using theoretical frameworks such as empowerment and life-span theories. The central point of the essay is thus the question of how and why some young men become criminals? The methods used are a systematic literature study combined with semi structured interviews in order to understand why some young men are more vulnerable than others in committing crime. The interviews consist of statements based on professional experience from four different non-governmental organizations in Sweden working with youths. The results of the study show that the environment these young men grow up in plays a major role for both academic achievement and the development of various personality disorders which can contribute to criminal behavior. The results of the interviews also show that social structures make these young men feel powerless in relation to themselves, school and society. This type of feeling of exclusion on a social and individual level tend to increase the risk of criminal behavior and lifestyle for some young men in Sweden.

År 2018 fick cirka 8 900 barn och ungdomar vård med stöd av tvångsvårdslagstiftningen Lag (1990:52) med särskilda bestämmelser om vård av unga (LVU). Ett av rekvisitet detta baseras på är det så kallade socialt nedbrytande beteendet, ett rekvisit öppet för tolkning. Syftet med vår studie var att undersöka begreppet annat socialt nedbrytande beteende för att se vilka beteenden, handlingar och egenskaper som tillskrivs ungdomen av socialnämnden när de ansöker om vård enligt 3 § LVU i förvaltningsrätten. Vårt urval innefattade ungdomar under 18 år där socialnämnderna ansöker om vård på grund av ett annat socialt nedbrytande beteende, det empiriska materialet bestod av 40 domar från Förvaltningsrätten i Stockholm. Studien utgick från en kvalitativ kritisk diskursanalys och har bearbetats med hjälp av ett antal diskursanalytiska verktyg. Med hjälp av Faircloughs tredimensionella modell sattes studiens resultat i ett bredare perspektiv. Vårt resultat visade att fyra teman lyfts fram i domarna, vi valde att kalla dessa för det rebelliska beteendet, det farliga beteendet, beskrivning av utsatthet och det vardagliga normbrytande beteendet. Socialnämnderna lyfter handlingar som ungdomen begått, beteenden samt egenskaper som den unge besitter som grund för vård. Resultatet visade att det socialt nedbrytande beteendet inte kan kokas ner till en specifik handling eller ett beteende, utan att en sammantagen bedömning behövs i varje enskilt fall. Diskursen kring ungdomars normbrytande beteende styrs till stor del av vuxna och diskuteras flitigt i media, politik och i övriga samhället. Den röst som hörs minst i diskussionen är ungdomarna själva. / In 2018 around 8 900 children and youth were placed in compulsory care under the Care of Young Persons Act (LVU). One of the prerequisites of the compulsory law is the expression other socially destructive behavior, a prerequisite open for interpretation. This study aims to examine the expression other socially destructive behavior to see what behavior, actions and characteristics is ascribed the youth when the social welfare committee apply for compulsory care under 3 § of the Swedish Care of Young Persons Act (LVU) at the Administrative court. Our selection contained 40 judgments from the Administrative court in Stockholm, regarding youth under the age of 18 and was selected due to its relevance, the socially destructive behavior being described as the issue at hand. Our study was based on a qualitative critical discourse analysis with the help of Fairclough's three dimensional model. Our results showed four different categories labelled as socially destructive behavior. We named these categories the rebellious behavior, the dangerous behavior, descriptions of vulnerability and the everyday norm breaking behavior. The social welfare committee describes actions performed by the young persons, mixed with behavioral issues and descriptions of the individuals personality. However, the socially destructive behavior cannot be regarded as a single behavior or action, it is a combination of the above where an assesment is made in each individual case. The discourse regarding youths norm breaking behavior is generally controlled by adults, it is intensively discussed in media, politics and the society. The voice that seems to be missing is the one of the youth themselves.

The purpose of this report is to investigate how the government through its measures of the problem with gang crime represent the problem. In other words, what is the problem of gang crime represented to be according to their action program by name “34-punktsprogrammet”. The study also examines whether these measures go hand in hand with what research believes can counteract criminal behavior in individuals. Among the questions at issue are 1. In what way is the problem of gang crime described and represented in the government's action program? 2. Is there a perspective that is left unproblematic in the category "crime prevention" in the government's action program? The study is based on theories about criminal policy, citizens' growing interest in these questions, and the research's answers that can counteract that individuals break the norms and commit crimes. The results of the study indicate that the government represents the problem of gang crime as an efficiency problem, a problem that is due to too lenient punishments, that citizens do not trust the state as their protector and a welfare problem. The study also shows what is left unproblematic in the program are early aspects of the youth's upbringing, for example diagnoses that affect the individual's schooling.

Treatment Foster Care Oregon (TFCO) är en metod som rekommenderas av Socialstyrelsen (2020) som ett alternativ till institutionsvård för ungdomar med normbrytande beteende. Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka behandlingsfamiljsföräldrars upplevelse och erfarenheter av att använda metoden TFCO i behandling av ungdomars normbrytande beteende.  Studien baserades på fem kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med behandlingsfamiljer runt om i Sverige vilka har den gemensamma nämnaren att de alla är verksamma inom TFCO. Vi bearbetade vår insamlade empiri med tematisk analys och därefter analyserades materialet utifrån systemteoretisk utvecklingsekologi och social inlärningsteori. Studiens resultat visar att våra intervjupersoner uppskattade stödet från det professionella teamet vilket medförde att de inte kände sig ensamma kring beslut gällande ungdomen. Vidare uppskattades också den tydliga rollfördelningen inom teamet runt ungdomen vilket bland annat innebar att intervjupersonerna inte behövde ta några konflikter med ungdomen utan istället fokusera på att förstärka goda beteenden. Upplevelsen att arbeta manualbaserat hade både positiva och negativa aspekter. Positivt i form av tydlig struktur och tydligt uppsatta mål, negativt i form av flera intervjupersoners upplevelse av begränsning i det egna sociala livet. Gemensamt för samtliga intervjupersoner var att arbetet som behandlingsfamilj kändes meningsfullt och att strukturen i programmet bidrog till deras upplevelse av framgång för ungdomarna. / Treatment Foster Care Oregon (TFCO) is a method recommended by the National Board of Health and Welfare (2020) as an alternative to institutional care for young people with norm-breaking behavior. The purpose of this essay was to investigate the experience and knowledge of treatment family parents in using the TFCO method in the treatment of youth's norm-breaking behavior. The study was based on five qualitative semi-structured interviews with treatment families around Sweden who have the common denominator that they are all active within TFCO. We processed our collected empirical evidence with thematic analysis and then the material was analyzed based on systems theoretical developmental ecology and social learning theory. The results of the study show that our interviewees appreciated the support from the professional team, which meant that they did not feel alone about decisions regarding the youth. Furthermore, the clear distribution of roles within the team around the youth was also appreciated, which meant, among other things, that the interviewees did not have to take on any conflicts with the youth, but instead focus on reinforcing good behaviors. The experience of working manual-based had both positive and negative aspects. Positive in the form of a clear structure and clearly set goals, negative in the form of several interviewees' experience of limitation in their own social life. Common to all interviewees was that the work as a treatment family felt meaningful and that the structure of the program contributed to their experience of success for the young people.

This report examines the risk and protective factors that the students who live and attend school in a particularly vulnerable area have, according to the “school personnel”, that are linked to antisocial and norm-breaking behavior. A particular targeting has been made for the girl’s risk- and protective factors. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted at a school for children between 6-12 years old, which is presented and analyzed using a thematic analysis and literature. The report uses the ecological explanatory model as a theoretical background. The conditions are different for children living and attending school in a particularly vulnerable area, where the students risk factors significantly outnumber their protective factors, that increase the student’s risk of developing anti-social and/or norm-breaking behavior such as drug use, violence and criminality. School personnel are positive about their own work and the school's role as a protective factor but illustrate several challenges for their work. In the discussion, the student’s risk- and protective factors are problematized, and the Swedish language is presented to be the factor that has the greatest impact on the student’s future without antisocial and/or norm breaking behavior. / Denna rapport undersöker risk- och skyddsfaktorer, kopplade till antisocialt och normbrytande beteende, som skolpersonal identifierar hos sina elever, som bor och går i skolan i ett särskilt utsatt område. En särskild fördjupning görs gällande flickornas risk- och skyddsfaktorer. Detta görs genom semistrukturerade intervjuer på en låg- och mellanstadieskola, som redovisas och analyseras med hjälp av en tematisk analys och befintlig litteratur/forskning. Rapporten har den ekologiska förklaringsmodellen som teoretisk bakgrund. Förutsättningarna är annorlunda för de barn som bor och går i skolan i ett särskilt utsatt område. Dessa elever exponeras för betydligt fler riskfaktorer än skyddsfaktorer, vilket ökar risken för eleven att utveckla antisocialt och/eller normbrytande beteende såsom droganvändning, våld och kriminalitet. Skolpersonalen förhåller sig positiva till sitt eget arbete och skolans roll som skyddsfaktor men belyser även ett flertal utmaningar i sitt arbete. I diskussionen problematiserats elevens risk- och skyddsfaktorer och det svenska språket redovisas vara den faktor som har störst betydelse för elevens framtid utan ett antisocialt och/eller normbrytande beteende.

Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att utreda och analysera vilka faktorer socialsekreterare på mottagningsenheten för barn och unga beaktar vid bedömandet av inledande av utredning efter anmälan avseende ungdomsbrottslighet. Studien bygger på sex kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med socialsekreterare som arbetar på mottagning för barn och unga i socialtjänsten. Vidare analyserades samtliga intervjuer utifrån tematisk analys. Genom en tematisk analys visar det övergripande resultatet att brottets karaktär, föräldraförmåga, ungdomens beteende, tidigare kännedom och polisens beskrivning av ungdomen påverkar socialsekreterarnas bedömning gällande att inleda utredning på unga som begår brott eller är misstänka för brott. Socialsekreterarna i vår studie klargjorde att brottets karaktär var av betydelse vid bedömning om att inleda utredning, sett till brottets allvarlighet. Föräldraförmåga belystes som en faktor som antingen skapade oro hos socialsekreterarna eller minskade deras oro då föräldrarna uppvisade god föräldraförmåga. De beskrev även ungdomens beteende som en faktor som togs i beaktning vid socialsekreterarnas bedömning, men ungdomens beteende var av störst vikt vid mindre allvarliga brott. Tidigare kännedom om en ungdom resulterade i att socialsekreterarna många gånger bedömda att inleda utredning. Utifrån resultatet kunde vi dra slutsatsen att socialsekreterarnas bedömning inte endast påverkas av själva brottet, utan en helhetsbedömning av faktorer runt ungdomen tas främst i beaktning. / The purpose of this essay has been to investigate and analyze which factors social workers, at the reception unit for children and young people, take into account when assessing the initiation of an investigation after a report regarding juvenile delinquency. The study is based on six qualitative semi-structured interviews with social workers who work at reception for children and young people in social services. Furthermore, all interviews were analyzed based on thematic analysis which as an overall, results in showing that the nature of the crime, parenting skills, the youth's behavior, previous knowledge, and the police's description of the youth influence the social workers' assessment of whether to initiate an investigation into young people who commit crimes or are suspected of crimes. Moreover, the social workers in our study clarified that the nature of the crime was important when deciding whether to initiate an investigation, given the seriousness of the crime. Parental ability was highlighted as a factor that either created concern for the social workers or reduced their concern when the parents demonstrated good parenting ability. Similarly, they also described the youth's behavior as a factor, considering the social workers' assessment, but the youth's behavior was of greatest importance for less serious offences. Previous knowledge of a young person resulted in the social workers many times deciding to initiate an investigation. In short and based on the results, we could conclude that the social workers' assessment is not only influenced by the crime itself, but an overall assessment of factors surrounding the young person is mainly taken into account.