Orientador: Florence Kerr-Corrêa / Resumo: O álcool, mesmo proibido, é a substância psicoativa mais usada por adolescentes no Brasil. Em 2011 uma pesquisa nacional (PeNSE) encontrou que mais da metade dos adolescentes de 13 a 15 anos já havia experimentado álcool e que 9\% referiu problemas decorrentes do uso. Esse comportamento pode trazer consequências graves e permanentes para a vida do adolescentes e de outras pessoas. Trata-se de um problema de saúde pública sendo necessários avanços nas pesquisas sobre prevenção e sobre os cuidados específicos para essa população. O BASICS foi concebido para universitários que apresentavam padrão de uso de álcool problemático. Essa intervenção, empática e flexível, foi desenhada para ajudar esses indivíduos na tomada das melhores decisões sobre o álcool, caracterizando-se assim, como uma abordagem de redução de danos e também uma tecnologia leve. O objetivo desse estudo foi testar a efetividade do BASICS na redução do uso problemático de álcool em uma amostra de alunos do ensino médio de escolas públicas de uma cidade de 127 mil habitantes do estado de São Paulo-Brasil. Foi realizada uma análise do banco de dados de um ensaio controlado randomizado realizado ao longo do ano de 2009. De todos os alunos matriculados nas escolas públicas, 1712 eram menores de 18 anos e aceitaram fazer parte do estudo. Destes, 1149 eram abstêmios, 253 faziam uso arriscado de álcool e 310 foram considerados de baixo risco. Os indivíduos identificados com uso de risco foram sorteados para os grupos d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Alcohol, even banned is the most used psychoactive substance among adolescents in Brazil. In 2011 a national survey (PeNSE) found that more than half of adolescents aged 13 to 15 had tried alcohol and 9\% reported problems resulting from the use. This behavior can cause permanent harm for the teenagers and others. It is a public health issue that demands for specific alternatives both on treatment and prevention. The BASICS was developed for college students with problematic alcohol use. This intervention is empathetic and flexible, it was designed to help these individuals to make better decisions about alcohol consumption. BASICS is a harm reduction approach that can be classified as a soft technology. Despite its widespread use and advantages to other alternatives, the comprobation of its effectiveness remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of BASICS in reducing alcohol abuse in a sample of high school students from public schools in a city of 127,000 São Paulo State-Brazil inhabitants. In this thesis we performed a secondary database analysis of controlled ramdomized trial held throughout the year 2009. Of all students enrolled in public schools, 1712 were younger than 18 years old and agreed to be interviewed. Of these, 1149 were teetotalers, 253 were risky alcohol users and 310 were considered low risk users. Individuals with risk behavior use were drawn to the brief intervention group (IB) or the control group (C). Group C ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

O presente estudo investigou a conjugalidade e a parentalidade durante uma psicoterapia breve pais-bebê, em famílias em que a mãe apresentava depressão pós-parto. Participaram do estudo duas famílias com mães deprimidas, com base no Inventário Beck de Depressão e em uma entrevista diagnóstica. Os pais não apresentavam depressão. Foi utilizado um delineamento de estudo de casos, a fim de se analisar o processo de mudança ao longo de três momentos da psicoterapia: entrevistas iniciais, sessões de psicoterapia e avaliação final. Ao todo foram realizados 14 encontros com a primeira família atendida e 18 com a segunda. Todos os encontros foram filmados e transcritos para fins de análise, que foi baseada em duas categorias: conjugalidade e parentalidade. Os resultados revelaram que a conjugalidade e a parentalidade estavam sendo experienciadas com dificuldades pelas famílias atendidas. No entanto, isso não se traduziu necessariamente em interações disfuncionais entre a mãe e o bebê. Apesar das particularidades de cada família atendida, os resultados da psicoterapia foram bastante positivos, com relatos de mudanças tanto na conjugalidade como na parentalidade, já a partir da quarta sessão de psicoterapia. Nos dois casos também se observou que eventos significativos na história de vida das mães estavam intimamente relacionadas com as dificuldades após o nascimento do bebê, reforçando a importância de se considerar fatores relacionais durante o tratamento de mães deprimidas. As avaliações que se seguiram após a psicoterapia não revelaram depressão nas mães. A participação do pai na psicoterapia se mostrou muito relevante para a melhora de suas esposas, refletindo num aumento da satisfação conjugal. Além disso, ao se intervir durante um momento de crise na família, como a depressão após o nascimento de um filho, é possível evitar que padrões interativos disfuncionais sejam cristalizados. Discute-se o papel dos aspectos relacionais envolvidos na depressão, bem como a adequação da psicoterapia pais-bebê como um dos tratamentos possíveis para a depressão pós-parto. / The present study investigated conjugality and parenthood during a brief parent-infant psychotherapy, in families in which the mother had postpartum depression. Two families with depressed mothers participated in the study. Postpartum depression was assessed according to the Beck Depression Inventory and a diagnostic interview. The fathers didn’t have depression. A case-study design was used, in order to analyze the process of change in three moments of the psychotherapy: the initial interviews, the psychotherapy sessions and the final evaluation. The total number of meetings was 14 with the first family and 18 with the second. All meetings were filmed and transcribed in order to be analyzed, based on two categories: conjugality and parenthood. The results showed that conjugality and parenthood were being experienced with difficulties by the two families. However, did not result necessarily in dysfunctional interactions between the mother and the baby. Despite the particularities of each family, the results of the psychotherapy were very positive, with report of changes in both conjugality and parenthood from the forth session onwards. In both cases it was also observed that significant events in the mothers’ life history were intimately related to difficulties after child birth, reinforcing the importance of relational factors during the treatment of depressed mothers. The evaluations that were made after the psychotherapy did not show depression in the mothers. The fathers´ participation in psychotherapy seemed to be very relevant to theirs wives´ improvement, reflecting an increased marital satisfaction. Moreover, when intervening in a moment of crisis in the family, such as depression after childbirth, it is possible to avoid that dysfunctional interactional patterns be crystallized. The role of relational aspects involved in depression is discussed, as well as the adequacy of parent-infant psychotherapy as one of the possible treatments for postpartum depression.

O presente estudo buscou investigar o impacto da psicoterapia breve pais-bebê nas representações maternas a respeito de si mesma, sobre o bebê, sobre a relação mãe-bebê, quando o bebê apresenta uma malformação. Participou deste estudo uma família cujo bebê de 11 meses apresentava malformação cardíaca grave, compatível com a vida. Foi utilizado um delineamento de estudo de caso único, sendo que as representações maternas foram examinadas ao longo dos cinco encontros de avaliação inicial, durante as 17 sessões de psicoterapia e num encontro pós-psicoterapia. Todas as verbalizações e interações da mãe com o bebê e com os familiares foram registradas em áudio e vídeo e, posteriormente, analisadas a partir dos quatro temas da constelação da maternidade (Stern, 1997): vida e crescimento, relacionar-se primário, matriz de apoio e reorganização da identidade, que precisaram ser ampliados para atender as particularidades do contexto de malformação. Os resultados apontaram para uma evolução das representações maternas ao longo da psicoterapia, que permitiu à mãe expressar seus sentimentos frente à malformação e reviver alguns de seus conflitos mais primitivos. A visão sobre o bebê passou de mais parcial e idealizada para mais integrada, revelando um potencial de evolução e vulnerabilidade, ao mesmo tempo. A relação mãe-bebê ficou mais próxima, na medida em que a mãe pôde tolerar mais a dependência do bebê e a sua necessidade de cuidados especiais, sem se sentir tão incompetente e culpada. Houve um evidente reforço na rede de apoio da mãe, que se aproximou de sua família de origem e passou a se sentir mais apoiada e compreendida pelo marido. Por fim, a mãe pareceu se apropriar mais do papel materno, porém ainda muito ligada a uma identidade de filha. Apesar de uma redução expressiva nos escores do BDI antes e depois da psicoterapia (31 para 11 pontos), a instabilidade psíquica da mãe e sua fragilidade permaneceram muito fortes, mesmo ao final da psicoterapia, o que sugeriu um prognóstico reservado e a necessidade de indicação de um tratamento mais sistemático, especialmente tendo em vista que a malformação da criança continuava afetando profundamente a vida da família. / The present study aimed to investigate the impact of a brief parent-infant psychotherapy on the maternal representations concerning herself, about the baby, e about the mother-baby relationship, in a situation where the infant had malformation. A family whose baby was 11 months and presented serious heart malformation, compatible with life, took part in the study. A case-study design was used, and maternal representations were examined during five sessions of initial evaluation, of a total of 17 psychotherapy sessions and in a postpsychotherapy session. All the verbalizations and mother's interactions with the baby and with the relatives were registered in audio and video and were later analyzed based on the four themes of the motherhood constellation (Stern, 1997): life and growth, primary relationship, support matrix and reorganization of identity. They all needed to be adapted so as to take into account the particularities of the malformation context. he results showed an evolution of the maternal representations during the psychotherapy, which allowed the mother to express her feelings regarding malformation and to re-experience some of her more primitive conflicts. She changed from a more partial and idealized to a more integrated view of the baby, revealing potential evolution and vulnerability, at the same time. The mother-baby relationship got closer, as the mother could tolerate more the baby's dependence and his need for special care, without feeling so incompetent and guilty. The mother's social support was clearly reinforced, which led her to get closer to her family of origin and to feel more supported and understood by the husband. Finally, the mother seemed to gradually assume the maternal role, even though it was still very tied to her identity as daughter. In spite of an expressive reduction in the scores of BDI after the psychotherapy (31 to 11 points), the mother's psychic instability and her fragility remained very strong, even at the end of the psychotherapy, suggesting a reserved prognostic and the need for indication of a more systematic treatment, especially in view of the child's malformation which continued to deeply affect the family’s life.

O presente estudo investigou eventuais modificações nas representações acerca da maternidade em mães com indicadores de depressão ao longo de uma psicoterapia breve pais-bebê. Participaram do estudo duas famílias com mães com indicadores de depressão, de acordo com o Inventário Beck de Depressão e uma entrevista diagnóstica. Foi utilizado um delineamento de estudo de casos coletivo, sendo que as representações maternas foram examinadas em três momentos: antes, durante e após a psicoterapia. As entrevistas e as sessões de psicoterapia foram analisadas a partir dos quatro eixos interpretativos que constituem a constelação da maternidade proposta por Stern (1997): vida-crescimento; relacionar-se primário; matriz de apoio; e reorganização da identidade. Os resultados revelaram que em ambos os casos as mudanças nas representações das mães acerca do relacionamento com suas próprias mães desempenharam um papel central na reelaboração de esquemas a respeito de si mesma, do bebê e do relacionamento conjugal. Verificou-se também que as representações de cada mãe estiveram atreladas às suas histórias de vida, sugerindo uma estreita associação entre seus conflitos pregressos e a interação atual com o marido e com o bebê. Apesar das particularidades verificadas em cada caso, não foram encontrados indicadores de depressão em nenhuma das mães ao final da psicoterapia. Discutem-se os alcances e limitações da psicoterapia breve paisbebê como intervenção no contexto da depressão materna, apontando-se para a efetividade da utilização dos temas da constelação da maternidade como eixos interpretativos na avaliação de processo psicoterápico envolvendo pais e bebê. / The present study investigated eventual changes in the representations concerning the motherhood in mothers with depression indicators along a brief parent-baby psychotherapy. This study sample was composed by two families whose mothers had presented depression indicators according to Beck Depression Inventory and a diagnostic interview. A collective case study design was used. The maternal representations were examined in three moments: before, during and after the psychotherapy. The interviews and the psychotherapy sessions were analyzed according the four interpretative axes of the motherhood constellation proposed by Stern (1997): life-growth; the primary relatedness; supporting matrix; and identity reorganization. The results revealed that in both cases the changes in the mothers representations concerning the relationship with their own mothers played a central part in the reorganization of squem regarding herself, the baby and the marital relationship. It was verified that each mothers representations were harnessed to their life histories, suggesting a narrow association between their past conflicts and the current interaction with the husband and with the baby. In spite of the particularities verified in each case, they were not found depression indicators in none of the mothers at the end of the psychotherapy. The limitations of the brief parent-baby psychotherapy reached in the context of maternal depression are discussed, being pointed for the effectiveness of the use of the themes of the motherhood constellation as interpretative axes in the evaluation of psychotherapic process involving parents and baby.

A pesquisa tem como objetivo reformular uma base de dados, desenvolvida e utilizada pela equipe do Laboratório de Estudos da Conjugalidade (LEC): atendimento em Psicoterapia Breve. Esta base de dados informatizada é um instrumento que visa aprimorar a forma de registro de material clínico de atendimentos em psicoterapia breve para fins clínico-institucionais e de pesquisa o que, como decorrência, contribuirá também com o serviço de psicoterapia na clínica institucional. O projeto de pesquisa foi elaborado a partir da experiência da autora nas atividades clínicas que desenvolve como psicóloga na Clínica Psicológica do Instituto Sedes Sapientiae (ISS), mais especificamente no LEC. A autora realiza atendimentos em psicoterapia breve nas modalidades individual e casal, participa das supervisões e discussões de caso em grupo e de grupos de estudos com a equipe do referido Laboratório. Os atendimentos clínicos seguem a fundamentação teórica e técnica baseada principalmente nos autores: Winnicott, Malan, Gilliéron, Bergeret e Hegenberg. Utilizando como metodologia qualitativa a análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin e Turato, e tendo como documentos para análise os registros realizados pelos psicoterapeutas no período de outubro de 1999 a julho de 2004, foi realizada a sistematização e categorização dos registros. A pesquisa tem por foco os registros da fase inicial do processo de psicoterapia breve (avaliação inicial). Em função dos resultados obtidos aprimoramos o banco de dados já existente possibilitando a utilização dos respectivos registros clínicos para pesquisas quantitativas e qualitativas com apoio dos recursos da informática (desenvolvimento de software). A versão informatizada já se encontra disponível para fase de testes. / This research aims to exam and refine a set of data, developed and used by the staff of the Laboratório de Estudos da Conjugalidade: atendimento em psicoterapia breve (LEC). This computerized set of data is a tool which tries to improve the way the clinical material of the sessions of brief psychotherapy is recorded, making these reports able to be used in clinical-institutional work as well as in new researches; and, of course, this will contribute also to the work in the institutional clinic. This research was designed on the grounds of the author\'s experience in her activities as psychologist of the Clínica Psicológica do Instituto Sedes Sapientiae (ISS), particularly in the LEC. In her practice the author does brief psychotherapy - individual or with couples -, works in supervisions and discussions of cases in groups and attends lecture groups with the staff of the above mentioned LEC. In her practice the author uses mainly the technical and theoretical approaches of the following authors: Winnicott, Malan, Gilliéron, Bergeret and Hegenberg. By using as methodological framework the context analysis suggested by Bardin, and having as raw material for this investigation the reports made by the psychologists of the LEC between october/99 and july/04, we aim to systematize and ordinate the data. The focus of the research will be the records of the initial phase of the process of brief psychotherapy (preliminary evaluation). By the end of the research we expect to have refined the existing data permitting, from then on, the correct use of this set of records of clinical cases in new qualitative and quantitative researches with the support of modern techniques in informatics (developing of software).

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-17T11:14:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mairaleonferreira.pdf: 1857730 bytes, checksum: 626e1326b7d87f2df73eae05a6be3b4b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-17T16:20:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mairaleonferreira.pdf: 1857730 bytes, checksum: 626e1326b7d87f2df73eae05a6be3b4b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T16:20:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mairaleonferreira.pdf: 1857730 bytes, checksum: 626e1326b7d87f2df73eae05a6be3b4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-02 / Introdução: O uso de álcool está relacionado a acidentes de trabalho e à piora na saúde do indivíduo por isso torna-se relevante investir em programas de prevenção no ambiente laboral. Objetivos: Avaliar os efeitos da IB no ambiente de trabalho para problemas relacionados ao consumo de álcool. Método: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado não controlado, com desenho quase experimental de natureza quantitativa. O estudo contou com 120 participantes que receberam diferentes estratégias de acordo com o AUDIT: Educação para o álcool (0 a 7 pontos); Aleatorização para os grupos 01 e 02 (08 a 19 pontos) – (O grupo 01 recebeu feedbacks e panfletos e o grupo 02 recebeu feedback, panfletos e a IB); Encaminhamento para especialistas (20 pontos ou mais). Houve follow up via telefone após três meses para os grupos 01 e 02. Resultados: Houve uma boa taxa de adesão a pesquisa, o grupo 02 (IB) mostrou diferenças significativas na redução do consumo de álcool e no grupo 01 estas diferenças não foram significativas apesar de os dois grupos sinalizarem tendências para a redução do consumo. Conclusão: A aplicação da IB no ambiente de trabalho foi viável, porém novas pesquisas são necessárias a fim de comprovar a eficácia e efetividade da IB no ambiente organizacional. / Introduction: The use of alcohol in workplace causes accidents and worsening health of the individual therefore is relevant to invest in prevention programs in the workplace. Objectives: Evaluate the effects of Brief Intervention in the workplace for problems related to alcohol consumption. Method: The research is a randomized clinical trial, not controlled, quasiexperiment and quantitative study. The study included a total of 120 participants. According to the AUDIT score were applied different strategies: Education for alcohol (0-7 points); Randomization for groups 01 and 02 (08-19 points) - The group 01 received feedback on the AUDIT score and brochures and the group 02 received feedback from the AUDIT, brochures and also BI. Were referred to a specialist employees who achieved a score between 20 and 40 points. There were follow up via phone after three months for groups 01 and 02. Results: There was a good research membership fee and the group 02 (BI) showed significant differences in the reduction of alcohol consumption and in group 01 these differences were not significant despite the two groups to signal trends to reduce consumption. Conclusion: The implementation of the BI in the workplace was feasible but further research is needed to prove efficiency and effectiveness of BI in the workplace.

La presente investigación es un estudio cualitativo con estudio de caso único que analiza un proceso terapéutico breve conducido según el diseño de ‘Psicoterapia breve a partir de la historia’. Este diseño, apoyándose en un trasfondo teórico psicoanalítico, parte de entrevistas iniciales evaluativas y de la elaboración de la historia personal del paciente para ir agregando intervenciones verbales que puedan generar un efecto terapéutico. La participante de la investigación fue una joven de veintidós años con una organización neurótica de personalidad y rasgos caracterológicos depresivos. El análisis comprendió los procedimientos y aspectos técnicos realizados como parte del diseño de intervención, el desenvolvimiento particular de la participante y los logros terapéuticos identificados. Los resultados mostraron que cada una de las actividades y pautas técnicas seguidas fueron idóneas para el desarrollo del proceso acorde al diseño, pudiendo conseguirse logros terapéuticos limitados pero significativos. Estos consistieron principalmente en un buen nivel de esclarecimiento y alivio sobre algunos aspectos del motivo de consulta de la participante, conseguido mediante la integración de una serie de contenidos propios de su historia personal, así como en la experiencia positiva y contenedora que representó para ella todo el proceso. / The next research is a qualitative design with case study which analyze a short-term therapeutic process conducted according to the model of ‘Short-term psychotherapy from the case history’. This model, using a psychoanalytic theoretical background, starts from evaluative interviews to the the elaboration of the history case of the patient, adding verbal interventions whom can generate therapeutic effects. The participant of the research was a twenty-two years old young woman with a neurotic personality organization and depressive characterological features. The analysis comprehended the procedure and technical aspects performed as part of the model of the intervention, the particular development of the participant and the therapeutic achievements identified. The results showed that each one of the activities and technical guidelines were suitable for the development of the process according to the model, and that limited but significant therapeutics achievements were made. These consisted basically in a good level of clarification and relief over some aspects of the reason for consultation of the participant, achieved by integrating a number of contents related to her personal history, as well as the positive and containing experience that the whole process represented for her.

The Diploma thesis deals with designing of probiotic dietary supplement for children with strains Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium breve and with prebiotics. Used prebiotics were Inulin, Chia fiber, Bamboo fiber, Chlorella + Spirulina and Yakon syrup. The theoretical part is focused on probiotics, prebiotics and their biological influence. In experimental part the possibilities of encapsulation into alginate particle and lyophilisation of probiotic cells were observed to find their good form to final nutritional product for children. Several types of probiotic with addition of prebiotics were tested in model conditions of gastrointestinal tract. It was found that addition of prebiotic highly increases viability of probiotic cells and their resistance to model conditions of gastrointestinal tract. In this case, the best prebiotic was found in Yakon syrup. The prebiotics were also characterised in terms of nutritional composition, amount of total and reducing sugars, oligosaccharides, proteins, lipids, polyphenols and chlorophyll were obtained. Finally, Chia fiber, Chlorella + Spirulina and Yakon syrup were chosen as prebiotics with best characterisation/properties. In conclusion, a dietary supplement with lyophilized alginate particles containing probiotic cells and with the most appropriate prebiotics were designed. Forms of the product were powder and gummy-bear.

The presented diploma thesis is focused on the preparation and the monitoring of the biological stability of beer enriched with probiotics. Probiotic bacterial strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium bifidum were used in this study. The theoretical part is divided into two sections. In the first section, probiotics are generally characterized, and their role within a gut microbiota is described. Next, the microbiology of particular probiotic microorganisms including the genera of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium is described. Then, some factors influencing the viability and the growth of probiotics are stated. In this section, biological effects of probiotics on the human organism and their potential clinical applications are described. The second section of the theoretical part deals with the technology of brewing, the chemical composition of beer and particular beer styles. In the experimental part, the methods of probiotic bacterial cell concentration and viability determination were optimized. Several techniques for determination of these parameters were selected, particularly the cultivation method, flow cytometry and the spectrophotometric measurement of turbidity. Then, the growth curves of the probiotic strains were measured in MRS medium. Probiotic bacteria were cultivated in model beer samples, i.e. in MRS media with several different concentrations of ethanol. It is possible to say that ethanol did not have significant effect on probiotics growth. Next, experimental cultivations of individual probiotic bacteria and their mixtures in nine real beer samples were conducted. No increase of viable cells concentrations was detected in the samples. On the contrary, a decrease of the concentrations was observed, mainly in the samples with individual bacterial strains. However, certain values of viable cells concentrations were determined at the end of the cultivations in all cases. A pale, top-fermented beer was brewed and supplemented with probiotics, and the concentrations of viable probiotic cells were monitored during 37 days of fermentation. A decrease of concentrations by two orders of magnitude of CFU/ml was observed in almost all samples. Yet, viable cells of probiotic bacteria were detected in all samples of beer at the end of the fermentation. Maximal concentration of viable probiotic cells in the brewed beer was determined with the cultivation method at (3,80 ± 0,14)10^5 CFU/ml. Chosen samples were analyzed with HPLC-RI method that quantified the common beer concentrations of ethanol in all chosen samples, lactic acid was not detected. Sensory analysis was conducted as well. Based on the results of the experimental part and the bibliography, an optimal technology of the preparation of beer enriched with probiotics is discussed in this study.

This diploma thesis is focused on encapsulation probiotics and co-encapsulation with some types of prebiotics. In theoretical part is aimed to probiotics, their general characteristics and application of probiotics in food industry. There are described prebiotics and their classification, there is described principles of encapsulation and encapsulation techniques. Methods, which are used for analysis of particles and encapsulation components were introduced too. The experimental part describes methods of prebiotics characterization by high performance liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometric methods. Cultivation of probiotics with prebiotics - hydrolyzed and non-hydrolyzed wad tested. Using flow cytometry cell viability was measured too. Finally probiotics and prebiotics were encapsulated, mainly by encapsulator machine. Long-term stability of particles during 6 week storage was observed. The particles were exposed to effect of artificial intestinal, gastric and bile juices.