Baigiamojo darbo tikslas: išanalizuoti kačių astmos pasireiškimo dažnumą, ligos atsiradimo priežastis, dažniausiai taikomas diagnostines priemones ir gydymą. Apibūdinimas: kačių astma – tai galimai alerginės kilmės susirgimas, kurio metu atsiranda kvėpavimo takų uždegimas, padidėjusi gleivių sekrecija, spontaniška bronchokonstrikcija ir kvėpavimo takų remodeliacijos. Šie pokyčiai sukelia kosulį, dusulį, švokštimą ir kvėpavimo nepakankamumą. Dažniausiai praktikoje susiduriama su diagnostikos problematika. Baigiamojo darbo metodikos: tyrimas buvo atliekamas 2013 metais, jame dalyvavo 9 astma sergančios katės ir 5 sveikos katės. Buvo atlikta kačių, įtariamų sergant astma, šeimininkų apklausa, kurios metu vertinami galimai astmos pasireiškimui turėję įtakos veiksniai. Tuomet atliekamos kitos diagnostinės procedūros, kurių metu gaunama diagnozė, patvirtinanti kačių astmą ir skiriamas tolimesnis gydymas. Pagrindiniai tiriamojo darbo rezultatai ir išvados: kačių astma nėra dažnai pasitaikanti kvėpavimo takų liga. Tarp astma sergančių kačių nėra ženklių lyties skirtumų, 56 % sirgusiųjų sudarė patelės, o patinai – 44 %. Astma dažniau pasireiškė katėms, kurių amžius svyravo nuo 1 iki 5 metų (45 %) ir toms, kurios buvo negrynaveislės (45 %). Apklausos metu nustatyti pagrindiniai potencialūs astmą sukeliantys veiksniai, t.y. šeimininkų rūkymas (12 %), parfumuotų valiklių (12 %), oro gaiviklių bei dezodorantų (12 %) naudojimas katės gyvenamojoje aplinkoje. Astmos diagnostikoje takyti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim: to analyze the manifestation frequency of feline asthma, diagnostic methods, treatment and identify the factors, which have influence in manifestation of this disease. Description: feline asthma has an allergic etiology. The hallmark features include airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, spontaneous bronchoconstriction and airway remodeling. These changes lead to clinical signs of cough, dyspnea, wheeze and respiratory distress. The diagnosis of asthma can be complicated, because there are no single test for diagnose feline asthma. Methodology: the study was carried out in a small animal clinic X in 2013 year. 9 asthmatic cats and 5 healthy cats were included in this study. There was composed questionnaire form for the owners, whose cats were possibly asthmatic. All the received material was used for statistic analysis about the factors, which had more impact in causing asthma. The other diagnostic manipulations were performed to get this certain diagnosis and find the best treatment options. There were reviewed epidemiology, clinical manifestations, patogenesis and factors, which influence asthma, blood results, diagnosis and treatment of feline asthma. Results and conclusions: feline asthma is not common respiratory disease in cats. The study revealed that there is no clear sex predilection (females – 56 % and males – 44 %). Middle-aged cats (1 to 5 years) were seen more affected (45 %). 45 % of the cats were mixed breed. The main asthma predisposing factors... [to full text]

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Com o objetivo de verificar a interferÃncia da broncoprovocaÃÃo antigÃnica sobre a contratilidade traqueal, ratos machos (250 -350 g) foram sensibilizados à ovalbumina (OVA) e, 13 a 14 dias depois, desafiados em intervalos de 15 minutos atravÃs da inalaÃÃo do antÃgeno sensibilizante (OVA, 1 mg/ml, seguida de 5 mg/ml). O sacrifÃcio dos animais foi feito imediatamente (SD0) ou 24 horas (SD24) apÃs o desafio antigÃnico atravÃs de anestesia com hidrato de cloral (0,4 g/Kg). Alguns animais foram tratados com metilsergida (1 mg/Kg) 40 minutos antes do desafio. Os animais controle (CONT) inalaram apenas o veÃculo (NaCl 0,9 %). A traquÃia foi removida e montada em cuba para orgÃo isolado contendo 10 ml de soluÃÃo de Krebs-Henseleit modificada (mantida a 37Â0,5 oC) e aerada com mistura carbogÃnica (O2/CO2â95:5). Foram confeccionadas curvas concentraÃÃo-efeito (CCE) para cloreto de potÃssio (KCl), acetilcolina (ACh) ou serotonina (5-HT). Em outros experimentos foram realizadas CCE ao Ca2+ em preparaÃÃes mantidas previamente em soluÃÃo sem Ca2+ (contendo 10-5 M de EDTA, nifedipina e indometacina, 10-6 M para ambas) e estimuladas por KCl, ACh ou 5-HT. A sensibilizaÃÃo e o posterior desafio antigÃnico (SD) promoveram um significativo aumento da resposta mÃxima (RM) das CCE ao KCl (forÃa em grama, mÃdia  E.P.M.: CONT = 0,52  0,01; SD24 = 1,22  0,03; n = 06; p < 0,01), à ACh (CONT = 2,11  0,10; SD24 = 3,53  0,03; n = 06; p < 0,01) ou à 5-HT (CONT = 0,60  0,03; SD24 = 1,48  0,09; n = 06; p < 0,01). As traquÃias de animais sensibilizados e desafiados apresentaram aumento da RM ao Ca2+ apenas quando prÃ-contraÃdas com KCl (CONT = 0,84  0,08; SD24 = 1,98  0,05; n = 6; p < 0,01) ou ACh (CONT = 0,98  0,09; SD24 = 1,54  0,15; n = 6; p < 0,05). Quando o agonista utilizado foi a 5-HT esta diferenÃa nÃo ocorreu, sendo observada uma maior RM somente na ausÃncia de nifedipina (CONT = 0,81  0,06; SD24 sem nifedipina = 1,23  0,08; n = 05; p < 0,01). Foram comparados os animais apenas sensibilizados e nÃo desafiados (SENS) com os SD na presenÃa de Ãcido niflÃmico (AN). O AN inibiu a hiperreatividade para a 5-HT induzida pelo desafio antigÃnico (SENS = 1,28  0,09; SD24 + AN = 1,01  0,08; n = 05), enquanto que foi ineficaz em inibir a hiperreatividade para a ACh (SENS = 1,44  0,01; SD24 + NA = 1,67  0,03; n = 05; p < 0,01). Portanto, os resultados mostram que hà envolvimento de canais de Ca2+, tanto dependentes de voltagem (VOC) como operados por receptor (ROC), na hiperreatividade do mÃsculo liso respiratÃrio, induzida pela reapresentaÃÃo do antÃgeno a animais previamente sensibilizados e que o desenvolvimento da hiperreatividade para a 5-HT està relacionado à abertura de canais de Cl- ativados por Ca2+ / In order to verify the interference of the antigenic challenge on traqueal contractility in vitro, male rats (250 -350 g) were ovalbumine (OVA)-sensitized and, 13 to 14 days later, they were challenged through the sensitizing antigen inhalation (OVA, 1 mg/ml, followed by 5 mg/ml). Animals were sacrificed immediately (SD0) or 24 hours (SD24) after the antigenic challenge through chloral hydrate anaesthesia (0,4 g/Kg). Some animals were treated with metilsergide (1 mg/Kg) 40 minutes before the challenge. Control animals (CONT) received only the vehicle (NaCl 0,9 %) by inhalation. Tracheal rings were carefully removed and mounted in a 10 ml isolated bath chamber with modified Krebs-Henseleit solution (at 37Â0,5 oC) bubbled with a mixture of 5% of CO2 in 95% of O2. Concentration-effect curves (CCE) were constructed for potassium chloride (KCl), acetycholine (ACh) or serotonin (5-HT). In another experiments, CCE for Ca2+ addition were constructed under Ca2+-free conditions (with 10-5 M EDTA, nifedipine and indomethacin, 10-6 M each) in the presence of KCl, ACh or 5-HT. Sensitization and subsequent antigenic challenge (SD) promoted a significant increase of the maximal response (RM) of the CCE to KCl (force in grams, mean  S.E.M.: CONT = 0,52  0,01; SD24 = 1,22  0,03; n = 06; p < 0.01), ACh (CONT = 2.11  0,10; SD24 = 3,53  0,03; n = 06; p < 0.01) or to 5-HT (CONT = 0,60  0,03; SD24 = 1,48  0,09; n = 06; p < 0.01). Tracheal rings of sensitized and challenged animals showed a rise in RM for Ca2+ only when they were pre-contracted with KCl (CONT = 0,84  0,08; SD24 = 1,98  0,05; n = 6; p < 0.01) or ACh (CONT = 0,98  0,09; SD24 = 1,54  0,15; n = 6; p < 0,05). When 5-HT was used as agonist this hyperresponsiveness did not occur, being observed only in the nifedipine absence (CONT = 0.81  0,06; SD24 without nifedipine = 1,23  0,08; n = 05; p < 0.01). The sensitized but not challenged animals (SENS) were compared to SD animals in the presence of niflumic acid (AN). AN inhibited the antigenic shock-induced hyperresponsiveness for 5-HT (SENS = 1,28  0,09; SD24 + AN = 1.01  0,08; n = 05), while it was ineffective in inhibit that for the ACh (SENS = 1,44  0,01; SD24 + AN = 1,67  0,03; n = 05; p < 0.01). Therefore, the results show that there is a participation of Ca2+ channels, both voltage- and receptor-operated channels, in the hyperresponsiveness of the respiratory smooth muscle, induced by the representation of the antigen to previously sensitized animals and, in addition, the Cl- channels Ca2+-activated have an important role on 5-HT hyperresponsiveness development

No description available.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Asthma, a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, affects nearly 25 million Americans. The vast majority of these patients suffer from exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), a complication of asthma. Although traditionally treated pharmacologically, nutritional strategies provide a promising alternative for managing EIB as the prevalence of asthma may be due in part to changes in diet. Our objective was to determine the effects of novel nutritional strategies on hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction (HIB) in asthmatic individuals. HIB uses rapid breathing to identify EIB in a research or clinical setting. Fish oil, a combination of the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docsahexaenoic acid (DHA), has been shown to be effective in suppressing EIB. However, its use in combination with other nutritional supplements, the optimal fish oil formula, and its effect on smooth muscle contractility have not been fully explored. An in vivo study (study 1) was conducted in individuals with both asthma and HIB to determine whether a combination of fish oil and vitamin C was more effective than either one alone in alleviating HIB. Pulmonary function was significantly improved with both fish oil and the combination treatment but not with vitamin C alone. In study 2, individuals with both asthma and HIB were supplemented with DHA alone since the optimal formula for fish oil has yet to be ascertained; previous in vitro studies have suggested DHA may be the more potent omega-3 fatty acid in fish oil. However, no significant changes in pulmonary function or airway inflammation were seen with DHA supplementation. For study 3, canine airway smooth muscle tissue was treated with fish oil to determine the in vitro effect of fish oil on smooth muscle contractility. Acute treatment with fish oil relaxed smooth muscle strips that had been contracted with 5-hydroxytryptamine. These minor relaxations in smooth muscle tension with fish oil may represent significant changes at the level of the smaller airways. These studies have confirmed that fish oil represents a viable treatment modality for asthmatic individuals with EIB and suggest that fish oil may influence airway smooth muscle contractility.

Estudiamos 24 niños de entre 6 y 14 años que comenzaron a tomar Montelukast para el control del broncoespasmo inducido por ejercicio tras ser diagnosticados con la prueba de ejercicio físico en tapiz rodante, 12 de ellos por la mañana y 12 por la noche. Después de catorce días se invirtió la hora de la toma tras realizar una nueva prueba de ejercicio en tapiz. Tras otros catorce días, 28 en total, se realiza la prueba de ejercicio final. Encontramos una significativa disminución en la caída del FEV1 del 32% para la mañana y la noche sin diferencias entre las horas de toma al estudiar la máxima caída del FEV1 ni el Área bajo la curva para este parámetro. Montelukast tiene la misma efectividad cuando se toma por la mañana o la noche. Supone un índice de protección para el FEV1 del 32%, tras tomarlo entre 14 y 28 días. / Montelukast was recommended to be taken in the evening with no evidence for that recommendation. We studied 24 children between 6 and 14 years of age to test whether the timing of the administration modified the effectiveness of Montelukast to control exercise induced bronchospasm (EIB). Children diagnosed of EIB after performing a challenge test using standardized exercise on a treadmill, received treatment for a total of 28 days in two periods of 14 days in a clinical trial with a cross over design. Dosage administration were randomly assigned to the morning or night for half the children in each study phase. Montelukast was equally effective to prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm irrespective of the timing of its administration.

<p>Asthma is a disease characterized by transient airway smooth muscle contraction leading to episodes of reversible airway narrowing. It affects over 300 million people worldwide and is implicated in over 250 000 deaths annually. The primary clinical features of asthma include airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and remodeling. Generally, asthmatic patients experience exacerbations between periods of diminished symptoms. Interestingly, in addition to these above mentioned hallmarks, asthmatics have also been shown to react differently to ventilatory mechanical strain. This is most evident when assessing the effect of a deep inspiration (DI), clinically measured as a breath taken from functional residual capacity to total lung capacity, in healthy individuals <em>versus</em> asthmatics. These deep inspiratory efforts have been shown to produce a bronchodilatory response in healthy individuals, whereas in asthmatics, DIs are less effective in producing bronchodilation, can cause more rapid airway re-narrowing, and even bronchoconstriction in moderate to severe asthmatics. The mechanism by which a DI is able to cause bronchoconstriction remains ambiguous. Previous theories suggest that this phenomenon is intrinsic to airway smooth muscle (ASM) itself. However, the airway inflammation present in asthmatic airways may also add to the increased ASM contractility following stretch, by the release of mediators that can prime the contractile apparatus to react excessively in the presence of stretch.</p> <p>Thus, collectively, the studies contained in this thesis are linked to the general theme of greater characterization of the signalling mechanisms that regulate airway stretch-activated contractions using a pharmacological approach in intact bovine bronchial segments, with the hope of providing novel insights into the mechanisms that regulate the DI-induced bronchoconstriction seen in asthmatics.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (Medical Science)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:18:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6321.pdf: 1608143 bytes, checksum: 79020037f93ef260d48c286f33c9f952 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-29 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / Asthma is a chronic disease, with periods of exacerbation and worsening of airflow obstruction and may be triggered by various stimuli, including exercise, and is associated with dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In this context, two studies were conducted to assess adjustments of ANS in asthmatic volunteers in different situations. The first study was entitled: Increased sympathetic modulation and decreased response of the heart rate variability response in controlled asthma , was designed to evaluate the adjustments of indices of autonomic modulation of heart rate (HR) at rest in supine and seated positions and during the respiratory sinus arrhythmia maneuver (M-RSA). The assessment of 12 asthmatic volunteers included pulmonary function tests and measures of heart rate variability (HRV). The results suggest that in asthma appears to be an association of airflow obstruction with reduced total variability, and in addition, to postural change seems to be reduced adjustment of the sympathetic nervous system in asthmatic women. The second study entitled: Airway responsiveness at exercise recovery and adjustments of heart rate variability at rest and exercise in controlled asthma , evaluated the adjustments of cardiac autonomic modulation during exercise its association with the exercise induced bronchoconstriction. Sixteen asthmatics volunteers underwent constant speed exercise test, forced vital capacity maneuver before and after exercise testing and register of HR and R-R intervals. With this second study, it can conclude that in asthmatics, even with controlled disease, injury presents postural and autonomic adjustments during the year and reduced complexity of dynamical systems of HRV during exercise. / A asma é uma doença crônica, com períodos de exacerbação e piora da obstrução ao fluxo aéreo, podendo ser desencadeada por vários estímulos, incluindo o exercício, e está associada a disfunções do sistema nervoso autonômico (SNA). Nesse contexto, foram realizados dois estudos para avaliação dos ajustes do SNA em voluntários asmáticos, em diferentes situações. O primeiro estudo intitulado: Elevada modulação simpática e atenuada resposta da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca na asma controlada , teve como objetivo avaliar os ajustes dos índices de modulação autonômica da frequência cardíaca (FC) em repouso, na manobra de mudança postural e durante a manobra de acentuação da arritmia sinusal respiratória. A avaliação de 12 voluntárias asmáticas, incluiu prova de função pulmonar e medidas da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) nas diferentes posições e durante a manobra de acentuação da arritmia sinusal respiratória. Os resultados sugerem que na asma parece haver associação da obstrução ao fluxo aéreo com reduzida variabilidade total, e além disso, frente à mudança postural parece haver reduzido ajuste do sistema nervoso simpático em mulheres asmáticas. Diante destes resultados, objetivamos avaliar a VFC também durante o exercício em voluntários asmáticos. Sendo assim, o segundo estudo intitulado: Responsividade das vias aéreas na recuperação do exercício e os ajustes da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em repouso e durante o exercício em asmáticos controlados , avaliou os ajustes da modulação autonômica cardíaca durante o exercício e sua associação com a presença de broncoconstrição induzia pelo exercício (BIE). Dezesseis voluntários com asma foram submetidos a um teste de exercício de carga constante em esteira, manobras de capacidade vital forçada antes e após o teste de exercício e registro da FC e dos intervalos R-R. Com este segundo estudo, pode-se concluir que em asmáticos, mesmo com a doença controlada, há prejuízo nos ajustes autonômicos posturais e durante o exercício, bem como reduzida complexidade dos sistemas dinâmicos de VFC durante o exercício.