As an actor, it is absolutely imperative to resist the urge to pass judgment on the characters we portray. True, that as people, we sometimes judge ourselves, and deem our conduct as right or wrong, but usually after finding the justification in the action first. We understand why we do the things we do. Therefore, it is as important to find our character s point-of-view as well. When I was cast as Oliver de Boys in the Orlando Shakespeare Theater s mainstage production of William Shakespeare s As You Like It, I knew the biggest challenge before me was to avoid playing him as the villain. I had to discover the reasoning and the humanity behind his heinous actions. Most importantly, I had to try to understand why he would attempt to murder his brother Orlando. Growing up with three sisters whom I considered my best friends, I had no personal frame of reference for this extreme action. This thesis will examine the research and creation of Oliver de Boys. A thorough historical analysis will present the life of William Shakespeare, with specific focus on the relationship with his own siblings. Also included will be the production history of the As You Like It and the times in which it was written. Particular emphasis will be placed on the Elizabethan s preoccupation with primogeniture, the system of inheritance or succession by the firstborn, traditionally the eldest son ( Primogeniture 1). Finally, this section will contain a look at two literary figures that greatly influenced the evolution of Oliver: Saladyne, the eldest brother in Sir Thomas Lodge s Rosalynde, of which As You Like It is largely based on and Cain, the archetype of fratricide. The next chapter will explore Oliver s journey in As You Like It, from villain to lover to brother; ultimately, his conversion from evil to good. It will also document the director s concept for the production and his vision for the portrayal of Oliver. A comprehensive character analysis or character autobiography will examine the psychological motivations behind Oliver s actions, such as sibling rivalry, jealousy, resentment and greed. This thesis will culminate in a comprehensive rehearsal journal, which will document and address challenges, discoveries, failures and victories during the production process.

No description available.

The subject of the submitted thesis: "On the problem of address forms in the Portuguese language - text analysis" is to analyze the various address forms belonging to noun, pronoun and verb word classes. The evolution of these forms is emphasized; however, more approaches are considered since evaluating the diachronic one requires that the synchronic one is also examined. The goal is to look at the issue in several ways, taking into account the broader historical, political and sociolinguistic issues. The theoretical part is aimed at the general principles of addressing in terms of external, internal and historical linguistics and to the evolution of addressing in the Portuguese language. This includes Portuguese addressing terminology specifics, like the form of voc. The practical part describes the address forms in Brother Luís de Sousa, the historical Portuguese play (theatrical) from 1844 set in the beginning of 17th century, comparing these forms to authentic texts from that period. The conclusion presents the results of the text analyses and sums up the problems related to the issue of politeness in linguistics.

[pt] As imensas modificações sociais ocorridas nos últimos tempos, tais como a possibilidade do divórcio e de vários recasamentos, assim como da união estável; a existência de relacionamentos não reconhecidos juridicamente, como a união de homossexuais; e as várias descobertas biotecnológicas, têm- se refletido nas famílias, provocando uma enorme alteração estrutural nas mesmas. Nas novas famílias, vínculos fortes se formam, entre pessoas que não são biologicamente ligadas e não têm vínculo jurídico reconhecido. A noção que a Lei traz de família, como sendo composta por um homem e uma mulher, unidos por matrimônio ou união estável, e os filhos a eles ligados por laços de sangue ou pela adoção, já está superada, e se faz necessária uma maior compreensão a respeito dessas novas relações e desses novos vínculos, para que se consiga, através do sistema legislativo e jurídico, atender ao melhor interesse da criança e do adolescente, princípio adotado em nível internacional como orientador em assuntos que envolvem os menores. O tema eleito para investigação foram os vínculos psicossociais existentes entre pessoas sem ligação biológica ou jurídica, entre as quais exista uma relação tal que, durante a infância/adolescência de uma delas, a outra tenha exercido funções maternas, paternas ou fraternas. Foi objetivo deste estudo descortinar a realidade desses vínculos e o nível de importância e influência que têm nas vidas e na constituição da subjetividade das crianças e adolescentes, buscando facilitar, desse modo, a compreensão dessas relações. Foram entrevistadas treze pessoas, divididas em sete duplas: duas duplas maternofiliais, duas duplas paterno-filiais, duas duplas fraternas e uma dupla homoparental-filial feminina, membros de famílias em que existiam, desde a mais tenra idade de pelo menos um deles, a convivência com outro com quem não havia nem vínculo consangüíneo, nem adotivo, mas que desempenhava, em relação ao primeiro, funções maternas, paternas ou fraternas. Da análise das entrevistas e de seu confronto com a revisão da literatura, restou fortalecida a convicção de que a genética e a legislação pouco ou nada têm a ver com a questão da família, e que vínculos familiares estão muito além da consangüinidade, sendo formados a partir das experiências e vivências compartilhadas e das funções exercidas perante os demais membros do grupo familiar. / [en] The major social changes having occurred in recent times, such as the possibility of divorce and multiple remarriages, the advent of stable unions or the existence of relationships which have no legal standing, such as those between homosexual couples; coupled with advances in biotechnology, have had a profound effect on and caused a major structural upheaval in the family. In the new family strong bons are formed between people who have no biological ties and who have no legally-recognised relationship. The notion that the law has had of the family - as being made up of one man and one woman, united by marriage or stable union, along with their children, whether these are their own or they have been adopted - is outdated and greater comprehension is required of these new relationships and ties, in order for the legislative and judicial system to be able to really serve the best interests of the child and adolescent - an internationallyadopted principle in matters involving minors. The question chosen for investigation was the psycho-social ties between persons who had neither blood ties nor legally-recognised relationships, and between whom there was a relation such as that during the childhood or the adolescence of one of them, the other had played the role of mother, father or brother. The aim of the study was to investigate the reality of these ties and the degree of importance and influence they have on the life and the formation of the child/adolescent´s subjective makeup, in order to facilitate the understanding of these relationships. Thirteen people were interviewed, divided into of seven pairs: two mother- and-child pairs, two father-and-child pairs, two sibling pairs and one homo- parent-child pair, members of families where one of them lived with the other since infancy, and with whom there were neither blood nor adoptive ties, but who nevertheless played the role of either the mother, father or brother to the other. Analysis of the interview material along with a reexamination of the literature supports the idea that neither genetics nor the law has much to do with family matters; that family ties go far beyond mere consanguinity and that the formation of such bonds is based on common life experiences and the role played with respect to the remaining family members.

As President Barack Obama was sworn into office on January 20, 2009, the United States was abuzz with talk of the first African American president. At this historic moment, one man standing on the inaugural platform, seemingly a relic of the past, had actually been called by the moniker the “first black president” for years. President William Jefferson Clinton had long enjoyed the support of African Americans during his political career, but the man from Hope also had a complex and tenuous relationship with this faction of his political base. Clinton stood at the nexus of intense political battles between conservatives’ demands for a return to the past and African Americans’ demands for change and fuller equality. He also struggled with the class dynamics dividing the American electorate, especially African Americans. Those with financial means seized newfound opportunities to go to college, enter the professions, pursue entrepreneurial ambitions, and engage in mainstream politics, while those without financial means were essentially left behind. The former became key to Clinton’s political success as he skillfully negotiated the African American class structure while at the same time maintaining the support of white Americans. The results were tremendously positive for some African Americans. For others, the Clinton presidency was devastating. Brother Bill examines President Clinton’s political relationship with African Americans and illuminates the nuances of race and class at the end of the twentieth century, an era of technological, political, and social upheaval. / https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1093/thumbnail.jpg

This study developed a comprehensive framework for understanding the process of sibling adjustment to pediatric acquired brain injury (ABI). Grounded theory methodology was employed to inductively explore the issues siblings perceived to be their main concerns and how they managed these concerns. Fifty-three interviews were conducted recursively with twenty child and adolescent siblings of individuals with an ABI, four adult siblings of individuals with an ABI and four child and adolescent siblings of individuals with congenital disability. Observational and secondary data from hospital staff and parents were also analyzed. The framework was developed and verified through simultaneous data collection and analysis (Glaser, 1978; Strauss & Corbin, 1990). The main issue of concern for siblings following their brother or sister's ABI was the loss of equilibrium in their lives. Losing equilibrium was defined by the concepts of vulnerability and emotional turmoil. Specifically, following ABI, siblings were confronted with the vulnerability of their assumptive world, which was influenced by their exposure to unforeseen circumstances, mortality, the enduring nature of their brother or sister’s injury, and the perceived vulnerability of their family unit. In response to these losses, siblings experienced emotional turmoil, including acute anxiety, chronic worry, ambivalent emotions and disenfranchised grief. Losing equilibrium was an ongoing concern for siblings that threatened their sense of security, safety, predictability and control for many years post injury. To manage these ongoing concerns, siblings employed a variety of interrelated strategies to regain equilibrium. These strategies were conceptualized by the concepts, navigating and sacrificing. The purpose of these strategies was to restore safety, predictability and control in the siblings' environment. Navigating required siblings to negotiate the enduring disequilibrium in their lives, by challenging new rules with old tools, withdrawal, trying and buying, merging the familiar and the unfamiliar and integrating. Sacrificing required siblings to relinquish their needs and desires to regain equilibrium and was illustrated through the concepts, surrogate parent, surrendering parental attention, emotional repression, and self-blame. These self-sacrificing strategies appeared to influence siblings' long-term personal development. For instance, siblings believed that they became more responsible, understanding, tolerant, and cautious in everyday activities. The data indicated that these personal changes subsequently maintained siblings sacrificing behaviors. Although sacrificing strategies were employed by some siblings from the time of the ABI, most siblings mastered their loss of equilibrium through the navigating process. Like the non-finite nature of losing equilibrium, regaining equilibrium was an ongoing cyclical process. Rather than focusing on adjustment outcomes only, the current study has extended previous research by providing a framework for understanding the process of sibling adjustment to ABI. This framework provides a set of integrated categories, concepts, hypotheses and propositions to inform future research and practice.

'The core of the theatre is an encounter. The [character) who makes an act of self revelation is, so to speak, one who establishes contact with himself. That is to say, an extreme confrontation, sincere, disciplined, precise and total - not merely a confrontation with his thoughts, but one involving his whole being from instinct and his unconscious right up to his most lucid state'. (Jerzy Grotowski, in Catron, 2000:19) This dissertation investigates the construction of the marginalised self, an identity, and the impact that context, pre and post-apartheid South Africa, may have on that constructed masculine identity. This examination of the self is mediated through the medium of theatre. It is this 'encounter', which theatre offers, that becomes an important instrument through which the self, society and social issues may be examined and critiqued; and it is through this critique that change may be sparked and brought about. This investigation of the self, the construction of a masculine identity, is looked at through the writings of, amongst others, Stuart Hall (1996 (a) & 1996 (b); 1997), Lawrence Grossberg (1996), Judith Butler (1993, 1999), Robert Connell (1987; 2002) and Robert Morrell (1998, 2001(a) & 2001 (b)). Further discussions around the construction of identity and its relationship to context (a multicultural and multiracial context) is examined via the writings of Richard Schechner (1991) and Patrice Pavis (1992). The theatrical forms of self-standing monologues and stand-up comedy are useful forms through which 'protest' against the status quo may be engaged. These forms are utilised by Quincy Fynn (self-standing monologues) and Kaseran Pillay (stand-up comedy); and it is through their performance works Walking like an African (2004) and My Cousin brother (2003), respectively, that this dissertation looks at their challenges to hegemonic forms of masculinity. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:30:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 595396 bytes, checksum: 4c96a8a13ef1d6e664fe1d02ec1c572b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The phylogeny of Hymenoptera is still at the beginning, with many open questions about the relationships of several families within the order. Use of new characters may be usefull for the understanding of phylogenetic relationships. Current knowledge of the ultrastructure of sperm has contributed to the phylogenetic analysis of several animals, including insects. This study characterized the spermatozoa of Evania appendigaster (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae). The spermatozoa of this species are arranged in bundles (spermatodesmata) in to the seminal vesicles, this being the first record of spermatodesmata in Hymenoptera other than "Symphyta" or Aculeata. Spermatozoa of E. appendigaster are slender and has length of approximately 100 μm, 35 μm of which corresponds to the nucleus. They are characterized ultrastructurally by presenting: (1) acrosome, formed by the acrosomal vesicle and perforatorium inserted into a cavity of the apex of the nucleus; (2) nucleus with bacillary-shaped and chromatin compacted; (3) centriolar adjunct asymmetric; (4) two mitochondrial derivatives asymmetric; (5) bodies accessories between axoneme and mitochondrial derivatives; (6) axoneme with standard 9 + 9 + 2 microtubules; (7) the end of the axoneme with accessory microtubules finishing last, preceded by the end of central and peripheral pairs, respectively. The retention of sperm in the aggregate state of Evaniidae, a family of "Parasitica", reinforces the hypothesis that Apocrita ("Parasitica" + Aculeata) has a recent common ancestor to "Symphyta" and that the loss of aggregate state is more recent. The similarity between the ultrastructure of spermatozoa of E. appendigaster and members of Aculeata, suggests that future cladistic studies can demonstrate that proximity between Evaniidae and Aculeata. / A filogenia de Hymenoptera ainda permanece incipiente, havendo muitas dúvidas sobre as relações de diversas famílias dentro da ordem, sendo que o registro de novos caracteres pode auxiliar a elucidar algumas dessas relações. Atualmente, o conhecimento da ultra-estrutura dos espermatozóides tem contribuído para o estudo filogenético de diversos grupos de animais, incluindo os insetos. Este estudo caracterizou os espermatozóides de Evania appendigaster (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae). Nesta espécie, os espermatozóides estão organizados em feixes (espermatodesmata) nas vesículas seminais, sendo o primeiro registro deste arranjo em Hymenoptera não pertencente a "Symphyta" ou Aculeata. Os espermatozóides de E. appendigaster são delgados e têm comprimento aproximado de 100 μm, dos quais 35 μm corresponde ao núcleo. Eles são caracterizados ultra-estruturalmente por apresentarem: (1) acrossomo, formado pela vesícula acrossomal e o perforatorium inserido em uma cavidade do ápice do núcleo; (2) núcleo com formato bacilar e cromatina compactada; (3) adjunto do centríolo assimétrico; (4) dois derivados mitocondriais assimétricos; (5) corpos acessórios entre o axonema e os derivados mitocondriais; (6) axonema com padrão de 9 + 9 + 2 microtúbulos; (7) extremidade posterior do axonema com microtúbulos acessórios terminando por último, antecedidos pelo desaparecimento dos centrais e duplas periférica, respectivamente. A retenção do estado agregado dos espermatozóides de Evaniidae, uma família de "Parasitica", reforça a hipótese de que Apocrita ("Parasítica" + Aculeata) possui um ancestral comum a "Symphyta" e a perda desse estado agregado seja mais recente. A semelhança entre a ultra-estrutura dos espermatozóides de E. appendigaster e membros de Aculeata, sugere que no futuro, estudos cladísticos possam demonstrar essa proximidade entre Evaniidae e Aculeata.

Though discovered in 1945, the First Apocalypse of James from Nag Hammadi Codex V, 3 has received very little attention from the scholarly community. This is primarily due to the fragmentary condition of the text. Previous scholarly engagements with the text have led to the conclusion that the purpose of such a revelatory dialogue was to impart instructions for the ascent of the soul to one about to be martyred. The recent discovery of a second copy of the text simply titled “James” as part of the Tchacos Codex has led to not only a greater amount of scholarly interest, but also to different possible interpretations. From NHC V, 3 it was possible to ascertain a pre- and post- martyrdom revelation of Jesus to James, however, the text from Al Minya clearly shows a third revelatory section wherein the martyrdom of James is used as a means of revelation to Addai, the legendary founder of Eastern Syrian Christianity. Chapters one and two answer the question of why James was chosen as the protagonist of the narrative. In chapter one I look in detail at the literary construction of the martyrdom of James and problematize the development of the traditions. Chapter two then turns to a discussion of the figure of James as an authority in the developing Christian community. Chapters three and four are concerned with the literary classification of the text. Chapter three situates the First Apocalypse of James within the overarching genre of apocalyptic literature, and the specific sub-genre of gnostic apocalypses. Chapter four discusses how the text might be understood as a commission narrative while interrogating the lineage of descent beginning with the transmission of the revelation from James to Addai. Following this in chapter five I explore the cosmology of the text with particular attention to the ascent of the soul.

This qualitative study described and examined the characteristics, components and theoretical design of the Student African-American Brother (SAAB). The SAAB is a national program that seeks to increase the academic and social integration of African-American males in higher education to increase their potential to graduate with an undergraduate degree. The SAAB's academic and social integration strategies were compared to Bean and Bennett's conceptual model of black student attrition to determine the congruency between the organization's strategies and the theoretical framework. The methodology was case study. Thirty semi-structured interviews were held with past and current members of the organization to gain a broader knowledge of the SAAB strategies and interventions used to promote their academic and social integration. The research revealed the SAAB applies a three dimensional approach which consists of providing a supportive environment, supporting academic goals, and encouraging campus and community involvement. This approach increases the students' understanding of the organization and structure of the higher education setting to yield successful matriculation through a four year college or university.