Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-08-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:05:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 assaf_ss_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 407133 bytes, checksum: 8fe91af8256db3240cd15b87f06d8c5f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Uma variedade de fatores extrinsecos como ions organicos, tampoes, composicao atmosferica gasosa, aminoacidos, fatores de crescimento, vitaminas, a acao de proteinas e macromoleculas desconhecidas podem afetar a viabilidade embrionaria. A implantacao de um sistema artificial de manutencao e desenvolvimento embrionario que simule um ambiente compativel com o fisiologico ainda e o objetivo de diversos grupos de pesquisa. O tamponamento dos meios e dependente da composicao gasosa da atmosfera de cultivo e o desenvolvimento embrionario, principalmente na fase de cultivo, sofre com as variacoes de pH verificadas durante as manipulacoes realizadas fora da estufa. Os experimentos desenvolvidos tiveram como objetivo avaliar diferentes sistemas de tamponamento para os meios de cultivo, comparando-os entre si quanto a capacidade de proporcionarem maior estabilidade de pH aos embrioes produzidos in vitro. As modificacoes propostas na composicao dos meios de cultivo foram avaliadas em duas atmosferas gasosas. Um total de 3200 ovocitos foram maturados em gotas de 100 ÊL cobertas com oleo mineral por periodo de 24 horas, agrupados em numero de 20 ovocitos por gota de meio TCM-199 com sais de Hankfs (Sigma Aldrich.), acrescido de 0,5 Êg/mL de FSH e 0,03 UI/mL de LH, 10% SFB, 20mM HEPES e antibioticos. Apos a fertilizacao, os possiveis zigotos foram submetidos ao cultivo e distribuidos de acordo com os seguintes tratamentos (T): T1: grupo controle com sistema tampao de bicarbonato de sodio do meio HTF Irvine Scientific. acrescido de aminoacidos; T2: meio SOFaa com sistema tampao composto de 25 mM de bicarbonato de sodio; T3: meio SOFaa modificado pela associacao do sistema tampao com 9 mM de bicarbonato de sodio e 4 mM de HEPES e T4: meio SOFaa modificado pela associacao do sistema tampao com 9 mM de bicarbonato de sodio e 12 mM de fosfato de sodio. Os embrioes dispostos nos / A variable interation of intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as organics ions, buffers, atmosphere composition, aminoacids, growth factors, vitamins, proteins and other unknown components may play an important role increasing the developmental potential of in vitro produced bovine embryos. The importance of the development of an artificial system to maintain embryo viability, similar and comparable with physiologic environment, has been the objective of several studies. Therefore, the majority of those studies that focus on culture media formulations were based on the physiology of in vivo produced embryo. However, the development of commercial protocols that ensure embryo quality after in vitro production (IVP) demands some adaptations while considering the differences between in vivo and in vitro produced embryos. Media buffering depends on the gaseous atmosphere utilized during culture and embryo development is sensitive to pH variation during culture, especially in manipulations in the bench. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different buffer systems in the pH stability of culture medium and in the developmental capacity of IVP embryos. 3200 COCs were cultured for 24h, using 20 oocytes per 100£gL droplet in TCM 199 (with HanksLOEsalts: Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA), containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 20mM HEPES and antibiotics under sterile paraffin oil. After fertilization, the zygotes were cultivated according with treatments (T): T1- control group with NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate) in medium HTF Irvine ScientificãÊ; T2- group with 25 mM NaHCO3 in medium SOFaa; T3 LV group with 9mM NaHCO3 and 4 mM HEPES in medium SOFaa and T4 LV group with 9mM NaHCO3 and 12 mM sodium phosphate in medium SOFaa. The embryos were exposed in two ambient: atmosphere with 5% CO2 + 5% O2 + 90% N2 at 39ØX C ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Eunice Oba / Banca: Yeda Watanabe / Banca: Mayra D'Avila Assumpção / Banca: Fernanda Landim Alvarenga / Banca: Sony Dimas Bicudo / Resumo: Uma variedade de fatores extrinsecos como ions organicos, tampoes, composicao atmosferica gasosa, aminoacidos, fatores de crescimento, vitaminas, a acao de proteinas e macromoleculas desconhecidas podem afetar a viabilidade embrionaria. A implantacao de um sistema artificial de manutencao e desenvolvimento embrionario que simule um ambiente compativel com o fisiologico ainda e o objetivo de diversos grupos de pesquisa. O tamponamento dos meios e dependente da composicao gasosa da atmosfera de cultivo e o desenvolvimento embrionario, principalmente na fase de cultivo, sofre com as variacoes de pH verificadas durante as manipulacoes realizadas fora da estufa. Os experimentos desenvolvidos tiveram como objetivo avaliar diferentes sistemas de tamponamento para os meios de cultivo, comparando-os entre si quanto a capacidade de proporcionarem maior estabilidade de pH aos embrioes produzidos in vitro. As modificacoes propostas na composicao dos meios de cultivo foram avaliadas em duas atmosferas gasosas. Um total de 3200 ovocitos foram maturados em gotas de 100 ÊL cobertas com oleo mineral por periodo de 24 horas, agrupados em numero de 20 ovocitos por gota de meio TCM-199 com sais de Hankfs (Sigma Aldrich.), acrescido de 0,5 Êg/mL de FSH e 0,03 UI/mL de LH, 10% SFB, 20mM HEPES e antibioticos. Apos a fertilizacao, os possiveis zigotos foram submetidos ao cultivo e distribuidos de acordo com os seguintes tratamentos (T): T1: grupo controle com sistema tampao de bicarbonato de sodio do meio HTF Irvine Scientific. acrescido de aminoacidos; T2: meio SOFaa com sistema tampao composto de 25 mM de bicarbonato de sodio; T3: meio SOFaa modificado pela associacao do sistema tampao com 9 mM de bicarbonato de sodio e 4 mM de HEPES e T4: meio SOFaa modificado pela associacao do sistema tampao com 9 mM de bicarbonato de sodio e 12 mM de fosfato de sodio. Os embrioes dispostos nos (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletronico abaixo) / Abstract: A variable interation of intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as organics ions, buffers, atmosphere composition, aminoacids, growth factors, vitamins, proteins and other unknown components may play an important role increasing the developmental potential of in vitro produced bovine embryos. The importance of the development of an artificial system to maintain embryo viability, similar and comparable with physiologic environment, has been the objective of several studies. Therefore, the majority of those studies that focus on culture media formulations were based on the physiology of in vivo produced embryo. However, the development of commercial protocols that ensure embryo quality after in vitro production (IVP) demands some adaptations while considering the differences between in vivo and in vitro produced embryos. Media buffering depends on the gaseous atmosphere utilized during culture and embryo development is sensitive to pH variation during culture, especially in manipulations in the bench. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different buffer systems in the pH stability of culture medium and in the developmental capacity of IVP embryos. 3200 COCs were cultured for 24h, using 20 oocytes per 100£gL droplet in TCM 199 (with HanksLOEsalts: Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA), containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 20mM HEPES and antibiotics under sterile paraffin oil. After fertilization, the zygotes were cultivated according with treatments (T): T1- control group with NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate) in medium HTF Irvine ScientificãÊ; T2- group with 25 mM NaHCO3 in medium SOFaa; T3 LV group with 9mM NaHCO3 and 4 mM HEPES in medium SOFaa and T4 LV group with 9mM NaHCO3 and 12 mM sodium phosphate in medium SOFaa. The embryos were exposed in two ambient: atmosphere with 5% CO2 + 5% O2 + 90% N2 at 39ØX C ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Eutrophication is an increasing global concern as human effluent saturates lakes with an over abundance of nutrients. Phosphorus, generally being the limiting nutrient, is often the most impactful, allowing cyanobacteria populations to grow out of control leading to harmful blooms that can produce cyanotoxins, anoxic lake conditions, and mass fish kills. Utah Lake, a shallow highly eutrophic fresh water lake located in central Utah Valley, has experienced these harmful algal blooms for the last several years. The internal phosphorus cycle is a significant driver in Utah Lake's eutrophication, as the sediments act as both a sink and a source for phosphorus. Most of the phosphorus originates from external sources, gets captured by the sediment, and then through several physiochemical and biological process, gets released back into the surface water as a self sustaining eutrophication system. To determine the effects of the different physiochemical processes that drive the internal phosphorus system, we incubated 72 total sediment cores taken from two locations, chosen to best represent the lake's chemical and spatial variability, under aerobic, anaerobic, pH=9.5 and pH=7 conditions with various P concentrations (ambient, 0.5X, 2X, 4X) taking water samples at 0, 12, 24, and 72 hours. Dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), and other major ions were measured for each sample. The highest P sediment release occurred under aerobic conditions, while the highest P sediment uptake occurred under anaerobic conditions. While pH did appear to have a mild effect on P flux, our study showed the lake has a remarkably stable bicarbonate buffer system making it unlikely that pH would contribute significantly under natural settings. Under all conditions the 2X and 4X cores experienced the highest P uptake, but final elevated P concentrations were still higher than initial ambient concentrations, indicating a probable delayed recovery time after external reductions occur.

Riparian Forest Buffer Systems contribute to non-point source pollution control and improve the physical and trophic qualities of streams. There is a limited understanding of the full range of costs incurred when implementing a RFBS. Establishment costs will vary with the site characteristics. The amount of forgone income will vary with the current land-use. RFBS enterprises may yield returns that partially or fully offset forgone income. Section A discusses the physical characteristics and functions of RFBS in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. Section A argues that RFBS design and site characteristics alter the physical ability of RFBS to produce environmental services. Altering design specifications may come at little environmental loss but might greatly reduce landowner costs. Section B describes a decision support system that can provide landowners and policy makers with financial information on the site specific changes in costs that occur as RFBS designs are altered. Section C utilizes the decision support system software to simulate the common design and site characteristics found within the Chesapeake Bay Watershed of Virginia. Generalizations are drawn concerning reduction efficiencies of a RFBS based on the physical characteristics of the regions. Section D discusses government policies and incentive programs, as well as additional private income opportunities, that may influence the cost and adoption of RFBS. Findings revealed a range of annual per acre cost of adoption between $140.09 rising to a positive return of $124.79, depending on assumptions of site characteristics, land-use, and supplemental financial incentives. / Master of Science

Die Arbeit beschreibt ein Modell, dass den Materialfluss in Transport- und Puffersystemen mit Hilfe eines agenten-basierten Ansatzes realistisch abbildet. Auf der Basis von Produktionsprogrammen werden individuelle Güter in beliebigen Netzwerkstrukturen mit Hilfe direkter und indirekter Interaktionen behinderungsvermeidend gesteuert. / The thesis describes a model that realistically illustrates the material flow in transport and buffer systems by means of an agent-based approach. Individual goods are steered hindrance-avoiding in arbitrary network structures based on production programs by means of direct and indirect interactions.

The European Green Deal declared that Europe must decarbonize to become carbon-neutral within 2050. To do so, the European Parliament emphasized hydrogen as a major tool for energy transition. In regard of current environmental challenges, liquid hydrogen has raised interest as energy carrier for energy storage and transport. Due to growing use of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy, intermittent sources will increase. Hydrogen production methods will become mostly intermittent with renewable energies. However, due to historical hydrogen production by steam methane reforming, liquefaction was developed at steady nominal charge. In order to feed current liquefaction processes with renewable hydrogen, a buffer system will become required. This thesis studies the effect of buffer and liquefaction combination on performances and cost. In order to carry out this liquefaction from intermittent source, the study is performed based on industrial data from a variable co-product hydrogen profile. This profile acts as a simplified case. The scope of the study is drawn by considering compressed hydrogen as temporary storage for the buffer while liquefaction unit is modelled around Linde Leuna cycle. The technical-economical study covers sensitivity analysis on both buffer and liquefaction unit. For the buffer unit, storage capacity, storage pressure, liquefaction flexibility and recuperation rate impacts are examined. Liquefaction sensitivity analysis includes pressure drop, electricity cost and capacity study.  It is highlighted that 100% gaseous hydrogen recovery is not profitable due to high costs increase for recuperation higher than 95%. Storage pressure and capacity as well as liquefaction flexibility drive buffer cost and recuperation rate of the co-product hydrogen. Considering liquefaction study, results highlight that pressure drops cause first order deviations in energy consumption as well as on cost. Results show that the specific buffer cost is evaluated between 71% and 59% of liquefaction cost. Hence the thesis raises attention on future work on heat exchangers design, pressure drop optimization and liquefaction unit flexibility to allow an optimized renewable liquid hydrogen production.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze stops that occur in the painting process of trucks; specifically related to the buffer system after the top coat process. Based on this investigation, improvements are presented in order to eliminate stops and improve overall assembly time. With this scope in mind, the following issues have been raised:   1.     What are the root causes for stops in the buffer system? 2.     How much can corrective maintenance be reduced? 3.     What potential savings are achieved by reducing or eliminating stops in the buffer system? 4.     How would reducing stops increase the availability for the top coat paint shop?   A case study has been performed where historical data has been analyzed and staff from the production, maintenance and IT departments have been interviewed. The analyzed data along with a theoretical framework are the basis for the suggested actions that will improve flows through the top coat production. The result indicates that a great part of the delays related to the buffer system are caused by soft losses. The stops are the results of: Lack of a distinct set of rules for how data and software may be used Lack of communication between the workshops The implications of these delays are: increased costs and reduced efficiency of the production line. The purposed actions presented in the study gives the company opportunity to achieve full capacity, eliminate delays and increase overall efficiency. The study is limited to the top coat paint shop and does not include the primary paint shop or final assembly. The results, analysis and suggestions presented in the study includes the soft losses that causes stop in the buffer system. / Syftet med följande studie är att undersöka och analysera stopp och dess rotorsaker som uppkommer i buffertsystemet på ett täcklacksmåleri. Utifrån denna utredning presenteras sedan åtgärdsförslag i syfte att eliminera undersökta stopp. För att kunna uppfylla syftet med studien har följande frågeställningar formulerats:   Vad finns det för stopp relaterade till buffertsystemet och vad är rotorsakerna till dessa? Hur mycket kan det akuta underhållet reduceras? Hur stora besparingar skulle företaget kunna göra genom reducering eller eliminering av stoppen? På vilket sätt kan en minskning av stoppen öka tillgängligheten för täcklacksmåleriet?   En fallstudie har genomförts där historisk data har analyserats och personal från avdelningar som produktion, underhåll och IT har intervjuats. Den empiri som samlats in tillsammans med det teoretiska ramverket som presenteras i rapporten ligger till grund för resultatet, analysen och åtgärdsförslagen.   Resultatet från studien visar att en stor andel av de stopp som sker i buffertsystemet orsakas av mjuka förluster. Dessa stopp är en konsekvens av bristfällig hantering av data och mjukvara samt bristfällig kommunikation mellan verkstäderna. Konsekvenserna av dessa stopp resulterar i ökade kostnader samt en nedsatt effektivitet för täcklacksmåleriet. Åtgärdsförslagen som presenteras ger företaget goda möjligheter att uppnå sin fulla kapacitet, eliminera stoppen och därmed öka effektiviteten.   Studien är avgränsad till måleriprocessen och omfattas inte av grundmåleriet eller monteringen. De resultat, analyser och åtgärdsförslag som presenteras är avgränsade till de mjuka förlusterna som orsakar stopp i buffertsystemet.

Die Arbeit beschreibt ein Modell, dass den Materialfluss in Transport- und Puffersystemen mit Hilfe eines agenten-basierten Ansatzes realistisch abbildet. Auf der Basis von Produktionsprogrammen werden individuelle Güter in beliebigen Netzwerkstrukturen mit Hilfe direkter und indirekter Interaktionen behinderungsvermeidend gesteuert. / The thesis describes a model that realistically illustrates the material flow in transport and buffer systems by means of an agent-based approach. Individual goods are steered hindrance-avoiding in arbitrary network structures based on production programs by means of direct and indirect interactions.