This thesis deals with sorting of a municipal waste by a different type of build-up are in the city of České Budějovice. A research was focus on central build-up area and suburban built-up area. This simply means research among family houses and prefabricated houses. For the first part of the research was chosen a territory with a similar quantity of inhabitants. Sorted municipal waste container was observed for a different time periods. The aim of this part was to find differences in: sorted municipal waste amount (plastics, paper, colored glass, colorless glass), inhabitant's behaviour to waste sorting, total possibilities of municipal waste treatment and possibilities for an improvement in municipal waste sorting for suburban build-up area. The second part of the research was based on a questionnaire form leaded to family houses inhabitants and prefabricated houses inhabitants in České Budějovice. There where these types of questions : if inhabitants do the waste sorting, how do they behave while waste sorting, if an offer and a size of sorted waste container is sufficient, what next possibilities in waste sorting would inhabitants appreciate and what do they think about recycling costs and situation in the Czech Republic.

Esse trabalho, estreitado com a linha de pesquisa do Programa de Pósgraduação em Geografia Humana, tem por objetivo maior indicar as transformações recentes ocorridas no espaço urbano da cidade de Tiradentes - MG, ou seja, a partir da década de 1980. A fim de demonstrar isso, houve um estudo sobre a formação socioespacial da cidade ao longo do tempo - desde o século XVIII até 2005, incluindo aí a influência do turismo - que resgatou o dinamismo econômico local após os anos 1960. Desse modo, Tiradentes passa a receber investimentos públicos e privados que incrementam o turismo e, assim, atraem os imigrantes; valorizam seus terrenos e imóveis; transformam o Centro Histórico cada vez mais numa região de comércio e em processo de gentrificação; expandem intensamente a cidade, desde a década de 1980, através de loteamentos nos bairros. Nesse contexto, o trabalho é finalizado com as perspectivas da expansão urbana que estão se formando em Tiradentes. / This research beside the Post-Graduation Program in Human Geography line has as a greatest proposal to indicate the most recently transformation at the urban space of Tiradentes-MG, after the eighties. In order to prove that , a study was made about the sociospace build-up of the city through the years since the eightieth century until 2005, including tourism influence that brought back its economic dynamism of the place after the sixties. By the way, Tiradentes begins to receive public and private investiments increasing the tourism in the city, absorbing migrant people, raising the value of real properties. The Historical Center becomes more and more on a trade region and in gentrification process and new plots of land at the neighborhood shows the intensity expansion of the city since the eighties. On this context, the research ends revealing the perspectives of urban expansion that are taking shape in Tiradentes.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-09-22T21:00:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação EMANOELLE PEREIRA DA SILVA.pdf: 6638194 bytes, checksum: d7aa7d2837e9a72171e815ff0dcd4137 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-09-23T15:26:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação EMANOELLE PEREIRA DA SILVA.pdf: 6638194 bytes, checksum: d7aa7d2837e9a72171e815ff0dcd4137 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-23T15:26:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação EMANOELLE PEREIRA DA SILVA.pdf: 6638194 bytes, checksum: d7aa7d2837e9a72171e815ff0dcd4137 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work aimed to quantify the build-up and wash-off pollutants in urban asphalt surfaces, mainly metals and solids, correlating the pollutant load with dry days, traffic load and rainfall intensity. The relationship between metals and particle size has been also evaluated. To do this, three streets with different traffic load as study area in Goiânia City were selected. The sediments samples were collected in six plots of 0,5 m² located in the central track of the streets during 14 days, collecting samples on 1°, 2°, 3°, 5°, 7° e 14° dry days by the vacuuming and sweeping method. For water sampling two rainfall intensities were selected to be simulated, through a simulated rainfall over an area of 3m², being on low and other high intensity, respectively 25 mm/h and 115 mm/h both with 15 minutes duration. Were simulated three events on the same experimental plot in witch study area and collected 5 water samples during witch rainfall event, which were analyzed by concentration of suspend and dissolved solids, DQO, conductivity and the metals copper, chromium, lead, cadmium, zinc, iron and manganese, determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The results showed that build-up has a strong direct relationship with dray days and an inverse relationship with traffic load. For metals in sediments was verified that the higher concentrations are on particles < 63μm, and follow in general the concentration order Fe > Mn > Cu > Pb > Zn > Cd > Cr. The runoff water quality was observed that all the parameters analyzed, except chromium, were detected on selected study areas. The influence of rainfall intensity on wash-off pollutants was observed that this has fundamental importance, so that higher intensity wash-off a higher mass of solids and metals. / O presente trabalho teve por objetivo quantificar o acúmulo e carreamento de poluentes em superfícies asfálticas urbanas, principalmente de metais e sólidos, correlacionando-os com o número de dias secos antecedentes, fluxo de veículos e intensidade da chuva. Avaliou-se também a relação entre os metais e a granulometria das partículas. Para tal, foram selecionadas três ruas com diferentes tráfegos de veículos como área de estudo na cidade de Goiânia. As amostras de sedimento foram coletadas em seis parcelas de 0,5 m², localizadas na faixa central das ruas durante 14 dias, sendo coletadas amostras no 1°, 2°, 3°, 5°, 7° e 14° dia seco pelo método de aspiração e escovação. Para a coleta de água foram selecionadas duas intensidades de chuva a serem simuladas, por meio de um simulador de chuvas sobre uma área de 3 m², sendo uma de baixa e uma alta, respectivamente 25 mm/h e 115 mm/h ambas com duração de 15 minutos. Foram simulados três eventos em uma mesma parcela experimental em cada área de estudo e coletadas 5 amostras de água durante cada evento de chuva, as quais foram analisadas quanto às concentrações de sólidos suspensos e dissolvidos, DQO, condutividade, e os metais cobre, cromo, chumbo, cádmio, zinco, ferro e manganês, determinados por Espectrofotometria de Absorção Atômica. Os resultados mostram que o acúmulo de sedimentos tem uma relação direta com os dias secos antecedentes e uma relação inversa com o fluxo de veículos. Para os metais no sedimento, verificou-se que as maiores concentrações estão preferencialmente nas partículas < 63 μm, e que seguem em geral a ordem de concentração Fe > Mn > Cu > Pb > Zn > Cd > Cr. Da qualidade da água escoada, observou-se que todos os parâmetros analisados, exceto o cromo, foram detectados na água das três áreas de estudo. Da influência da chuva no carreamento de poluentes, observou-se que esta tem importância fundamental, de forma que quanto maior a intensidade maior a massa carreada de sólidos e metais.

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) offers rational and fast casting process since it merely has to be poured, or pumped, into the formwork without any compaction work needed. But this can be at the cost of high form pressure. However, reported results show that SCC can act thixotropically, i.e., build up a structure at rest, and this can reduce the form pressure considerably. Thus, in order to utilise the favourable possibilities to increase effectiveness without risking form collapses, the need arises for deeper and broader understanding of the mechanisms behind this thixotropic behaviour. Methodologies have been developed for the characterisation and measurement of the structural build-up at rest, both for the fluid (micro mortar) phase and the concrete itself. Hypotheses state that thixotropic mechanisms originate within the colloidal domain and, thus, motivate studies on the fluid phase comprising this domain. The stress-strain methodology is based on the hypothesis stating that the magnitude of the structure is represented by the maximum elastic stress the fresh material can withstand before the structure breaks. An instrumented steel tube is used to simulate various casting heights and rates. Results show that both micro mortar and SCC are thixotropic and this behaviour is influenced by every measure taken influencing the interparticle colloidal forces. The time-dependent structural build-up of SCC is a function of an irreversible structure (slump-loss) and a reversible, thixotropic structure. There is apparently a threshold value of the structural build-up necessary to reach before obtaining any significant form pressure reduction. Housing SCC´s, with W/C = 0.58, show low degree of structural build-up and pressure decrease while civil engineering SCC´s can show the opposite, but this often at the cost of slump-loss. Recommendations are presented and for the nearest future, suggesting a conservatism regarding design of formwork systems when SCC is used. If the behaviour of a SCC is known it should be used to optimise the formwork. If not, calculating with hydrostatic pressure should be done or the knowledge missing should be gained by using this methodology. A third option is given and this is to monitor the form pressure in real time using sensors. / QC 20100812

Denna rapport ingår i ett examensarbete på avancerad nivå inom ämnet produktutveckling.Arbetet innefattar en fallstudie som genomförts vid RTGA, Scania CV AB i Södertälje.Examensarbetet omfattar 30 högskolepoäng och har genomförts av undertecknad,teknologstudent från Mälardalens Högskola vårterminen 2015. Rapporten har upprättats i tvåversioner, en för Scania CV AB respektive en generell version där känslig företagsspecifikinformation har censurerats. I takt med att utvecklingen av motorprestanda fortskrider, med avseende på ökademotoreffekter samt teknikutveckling för emissionsreglering, så ökar också kravet på prestandaför kylsystem som måste klara av att kyla bort högre effekter. Fordonskombinationer medkraftfulla laddluftkylare löper dock stor risk att drabbas av utfälld kondens som fryser till is iladdluftkylaren vid låga omgivningstemperaturer. Isen medför ett tryckfall i laddluftkylarenmed prestandabortfall som följd. Scanias lösning till problematiken är en så kallad kylargardinsom syftar till att reducera kylluftflödet genom laddluftkylaren till den mån att isbildning intesker. Kylargardinen monteras manuellt av föraren framför kylarpaketet dåomgivningstemperaturen understiger 5 °C. Det finns även andra fördelar med att begränsa det yttre kylluftflödet som passerar genomkylarpaketet. Lastbilars kylsystem är i regel överdimensionerade för normala driftfall såsommotorvägskörning vilket betyder att maximal kylning inte krävs vid dessa situationer. Genomatt reducera det yttre kylluftflödet genom kylarpaketet så kan även hela fordonets totalaluftmotstånd reduceras vilket kan utnyttjas i syfte att reducera bränsleförbrukningen. För att erhålla en bra balansgång mellan aerodynamik och kylprestanda samt motverkaproblemet med isbildning i laddluftkylaren fanns därför en önskan om att en reglerbarkylartäckning skulle utvecklas för att kunna reglera kylluftflödet genom fordonets kylarpaketvid behov. Detta arbete innefattar en fallstudie där olika produktutvecklingsverktyg använts för att ta framolika konceptlösningar, anpassade för en specifik lastbil. Datorstödda flödessimuleringarutnyttjas för att utvärdera respektive verifiera konceptens funktion jämfört med olika referensmodeller. Resultatet visar bland annat att det slutgiltiga konceptets funktionsduglighet överensstämmermed den lösning som används idag samt att kylluftflödet inte påverkas nämnvärt då maximalkylkapacitet eftersträvas. Resultatet från den aerodynamiska flödessimuleringen indikerar ävenatt fordonets totala luftmotstånd kan reduceras med - Drag Counts (DC) vid hastigheten90 km/h och 0° vindriktning. Detta medför att bränsleförbrukningen i det specifika driftfallet,enligt tumregel, antas reduceras med - % för det specifika fordonet. / This report is part of a Master thesis project in the subject of Product Development. The workincludes a case study which was carried out at RTGA, Scania CV AB in Södertälje. The workcomprises 30 credits and was conducted by a student from Mälardalen University during thespring semester 2015. The report has been prepared in two versions; one for Scania CV AB anda generalized version where sensitive company specific information has been censored. The development of vehicle engine performance progresses in a rapid pace. This progressinclude increased engine power and improved technical features for emission control. This alsogoes for the requirement on performance of cooling systems in heavy trucks, which has tohandle dissipation of the increased power. Vehicles with powerful charge air coolers however,runs a high risk of being affected by iced condensation in the charge air cooler at low ambienttemperatures. The ice build-up results in a pressure drop in the charge air cooler with a loss ofengine performance as a consequence. Scania's solution to the problem is a so called radiatorblind designed to reduce the cooling air flow through the charge air cooler to the extent thatice build-up does not occur. The blind is mounted manually in front of the cooler package whenthe ambient temperature is expected to be below 5 °C. There are also other advantages to limit the outer cooling air flow passing through the coolingpackage. The cooling systems in heavy trucks are usually oversized for normal operatingconditions such as highway cruising, which means that maximum cooling is not required inthese situations. By reducing the airflow through the cooler package, the vehicle's total airresistance is reduced, which can be utilized in order to reduce fuel consumption. To obtain a good balance between aerodynamics and cooling performance, and to counteractthe problem of ice build-up in the charge air cooler, there was a desire for an adjustable radiatorcoverage which would be able to regulate the airflow through the vehicle's cooling packagewhen needed. This work includes a case study in which various product development tools are used toinvestigate different concept solutions, designated for a specific truck model. Computationalfluid dynamics (CFD) are used to evaluate and validate the concept’s functionality andcomparing them to different reference models. The results reveal that the final concept functionality is consistent with the one used today, andthat the cooling air flow is not significantly affected when maximum cooling capacity is strivedfor. The results of the aerodynamic flow simulation also indicate that the vehicle's total airresistance can be reduced by - Drag Counts (DC) at the speed of 90 km/h and 0° yaw angle.This means that fuel consumption in the specific operating case, as rule of thumb, is assumedto be reduced by - % for the specific vehicle.

La maîtrise de la contamination générée par temps de pluie en milieu urbain constitue un enjeu environnemental important pour limiter la dégradation des milieux aquatiques superficiels. Les outils de modélisation traditionnelle utilisés pour estimer les flux de polluants dans les eaux de ruissellement sont jugés insuffisants dans leur capacité à reproduire les dynamiques des polluants à l’exutoire. Cela est souvent lié au manque de connaissances précises sur les processus en jeu d’une part, et d’autre part aux difficultés d’acquérir des bases de données représentatives et en continu sur des sites réels. Cette thèse a donc pour objectif d’améliorer l’état de la modélisation de la qualité. Elle vise en particulier le développement d’un outil de modélisation conceptuelle de la qualité des eaux de ruissellement à l’échelle du quartier, à partir d’une compréhension approfondie des processus d'accumulation et de lessivage. La simulation des pollutogrammes de matières en suspension (MES) à l’avaloir du bassin versant routier avec les modèles conceptuels d’accumulation-lessivage montre la faible performance des modèles pour estimer les dynamiques d’émissions de MES pour des longues périodes ; la variabilité du processus d’accumulation est le responsable principal de l’inadéquation de ces modèles. L’évaluation de la contribution des retombées atmosphériques sèches à la contamination des eaux de ruissellement en hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAPs) et métaux montrent que l’atmosphère ne joue qu’un rôle très mineur dans la contamination des eaux de ruissellement par ces substances. Ainsi le couplage des modèles atmosphériques, qui ne tiennent pas compte des émissions directes liées au trafic, avec les modèles de qualité de l’eau, ne semble pas très pertinent dans l’objectif d’améliorer la prédiction de la contamination des eaux pluviales à l’exutoire. L’investigation à la micro-échelle du mécanisme de lessivage montre que les particules fines sont les plus susceptibles d’être mobilisées par le ruissellement. Cette étude a été menée en utilisant un simulateur de pluie innovant qui présente les avantages d’être mobile et léger, et la possibilité d’avoir des enregistrements en ligne du débit et de la turbidité. Les nouvelles connaissances acquises sur les processus soulignent une grande variabilité qui remet en cause l'intérêt de leur modélisation avec des approches déterministes. Ces connaissances sont intégrées à l’échelle du quartier pour développer un outil de modélisation conceptuelle basé sur une approche stochastique d'estimation de la concentration moyenne de MES et des paramètres de qualité. Le modèle développé est intégré dans le modèle hydrologique URBS. L’application de ce modèle permet d’intégrer la variabilité spatiale et temporelle des émissions en distinguant les contributions de chaque occupation du sol. Les résultats sont prometteurs en termes d’estimation des niveaux de concentration de MES à l’exutoire du bassin versant et de réplication du comportement général de la dynamique de MES, cependant des améliorations peuvent être envisagés pour consolider l’approche et améliorer ses prédictions. La comparaison de ce modèle avec des approches de modélisation empirique globale, conceptuelle semi-distribuée et physique distribuée, montre qu’en termes de pouvoir prédictif et de fiabilité, l’approche URBS-stochastique en parallèle avec l’approche de modélisation physique distribuée sont les plus performantes. En termes de simplicité d’implémentation et d’ajustement entre les observations et les simulations, les approches de modélisation empirique globale et conceptuelle semi-distribuée sont les plus puissantes. A l’issue de cette comparaison, il est clair qu’il n’existe pas un modèle parfait qui couvre toutes les caractéristiques de la modélisation de la qualité des eaux de ruissellement. Le choix de l’approche de modélisation la plus appropriée doit se faire en fonction des objectifs attendus par le modélisateur / Urban runoff contamination is recognized as a major source of the deterioration of the quality of surface water. Commonly used stormwater quality models have poor performance in predicting the pollutant dynamics at the surface outlet, mainly due to the lack of precise knowledge on the governing processes and the difficulties of acquiring representative and continuous databases on real sites. The main purpose of this Ph.D. thesis is to improve the state of stormwater quality modeling. It aims in particular to develop a conceptual modeling tool for stormwater quality prediction at the scale of a city district catchment, based on a deep understanding of the build-up and the wash-off. The application of commonly used stormwater build-up/wash-off models to simulate the dynamics of total suspended solids (TSS) at the outlet of the road catchment suggests that the models poorly replicate the temporal variability of the TSS concentrations unless short periods are considered. The unpredictable nature of the accumulation is largely responsible for the model failure. The evaluation of the contribution of atmospheric dry deposition to stormwater loads for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals shows that atmospheric deposition is not a major source of contaminants in stormwater runoff. Thus, linking the air and water compartment in a modeling chain to have more accurate estimates of pollutant loads in stormwater runoff may not be relevant unless the direct traffic emissions are accounted for. The investigation of the wash-off process on elementary surfaces shows that the fine particles are the most likely to be mobilized and transported during a rainfall event. Stormwater samples were collected for this study using an innovative rainfall simulator that allows continuous, on-site monitoring of instantaneous flow and turbidity measurements and that can be easily transported and used on real sites. The new knowledge acquired on the build-up and wash-off processes underlines the great variability of these processes and calls into question their modeling with deterministic approaches. Hence, this knowledge is incorporated into developing a new conceptual stormwater quality model based on the stochastic drawing of event mean concentrations (EMC) of TSS and water quality parameters. The model is integrated within the hydrological model URBS. The application of this approach accounts for the spatial and temporal variability of pollutant emissions by distinguishing the contributions of each land use separately. The obtained results are promising in terms of estimating the concentration levels of TSS at the outlet of the city district catchment and replicating the general behavior of the TSS dynamics. However, improvements can be envisaged to consolidate the approach and improve its predictions. Comparison of this model with global empirical, semi-distributed conceptual and distributed physical modeling approaches shows that in terms of predictive power and stability, the stochastic-URBS and the physically distributed approaches are the most efficient. However, in terms of ease of implementation and best fit between observations and simulations, the global empirical and semi-distributed conceptual modeling approaches are the most powerful. This comparison shows that the perfect model that covers all aspects of stormwater quality modeling does not exist. The choice of the most appropriate modeling approach should mainly be driven by modeling objectives

[pt] O projeto de dimensionamento dos revestimentos na indústria de óleo e gás deve garantir a integridade do poço ao longo de todo o seu ciclo de vida, que pode ser de várias décadas. Um carregamento importante a ser considerado surge em consequência da produção, que movimenta os fluidos desde o reservatório até a superfície, aquecendo as partes mais rasas do poço. Este processo de aquecimento expande os fluidos de perfuração e completação que foram confinados nos anulares durante o processo de construção do poço. Esta mudança de volume do fluido é contida pela rigidez dos elementos que o mantém confinado e essa resistência à livre expansão do fluido provoca um aumento de pressão. Em alguns casos, a pressão pode tornar-se tão grande que pode levar o revestimento a colapsar, levando ao abandono de poços e a grandes perdas. Este fenômeno de aumento da pressão é conhecido na indústria do petróleo como anular pressure build-up (APB). O presente trabalho apresenta um modelo térmico para determinar o perfil de temperatura e pressão do fluido monofásico escoando em regime permanente na coluna de produção e a distribuição de temperatura ao longo de todos os elementos do poço. Como os revestimentos não são perfeitamente rígidos, um aumento de temperatura e pressão no poço acarreta na variação do volume do anular, os quais são avaliados de forma acoplada, pois a variação de volume de um anular influencia no outro, assim como os deslocamentos dos revestimentos. O estudo compara os resultados obtidos com um aplicativo comercial, apresentando boa concordância. Além disso, uma análise de sensibilidade é realizada para fornecer uma melhor compreensão do fenômeno. / [en] Casing design projects must ensure well integrity throughout its life, which can be as long as several decades. An important load to be considered appears as a consequence of production. During production, the annuli became heated from the transfer of bottom hole temperature up the well by the produced fluids. With heat-up, the fluids trapped in the annulus began to thermally expand. The expansion induces a volume enlargement, which is restrained by the stiffness of the well structure. This resistance to fluid free expansion keep the fluid confined and can produce a substantial pressure increase. In some cases, pressure may become so great that it can collapse casing, leading to well abandonment and large losses. This pressure increase phenomenon is well-known in the oil industry as annular pressure build-up (APB). In the present study, a monophasic state-state thermal model was developed to determine the oil temperature profile in the tubing and the temperature profile in all structures of the well. As casings are not perfectly rigid, temperature and pressure increase in the well results in annular volume change. Because the well consists of a sequence of casing strings that define the well annuli, the modeling of casing strains should be based on a systematic approach that considers the interaction among the various strings. The study compares results to those obtained with a commercial computer application, presenting good agreement. Further, a sensitivity analysis is performed to provide a better understanding of the phenomenon.

Orientador: Guilherme do Val Toledo Prado / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T09:36:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vignado_Jane_D.pdf: 55617065 bytes, checksum: bbe4c20dbf83aec99612b43e0f9bfa40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Essa pesquisa narra os desafios da construção de uma proposta de trabalho coletivo docente na educação infantil que, entre o primeiro semestre de 2003 e o primeiro semestre de 2005, envolveu 4 professoras de um CIMEI (Centro Integrado Municipal de Educação Infantil) da cidade de Campinas-SP. A opção por desenvolver a presente pesquisa na Educação Infantil orientou-se pela crença de que os professores são sujeitos histórico-político-culturais, portanto capazes de construir saberes e conhecimentos a partir da reflexão sobre a própria prática e rediscutir a razão de ser da Educação Infantil. Encontro em Paulo Freire a base epistemológica necessária para compreender que educar é um ato coletivo, participativo e que apenas os seres humanos são capazes de aprender com alegria e na esperança de que a transformação é um ato possível, mesmo quando a situação seja desfavorável. O inventário de dados da presente investigação foi construído a partir dos diários de campos; das entrevistas com as professoras; das conversas com os membros da comunidade escolar; das análises do projeto político pedagógico e dos planejamentos de ensino do grupo de professoras. As análises sugerem que o trabalho coletivo docente referenciado pela Investigação-Ação promove: a reflexão sobre a prática docente na perspectiva de potencializar mudanças no cotidiano escolar; o surgimento e manutenção de grupo de professores como espaço de formação, de resistência, de acolhimento e bem-estar; abre outras possibilidades de parcerias como, por exemplo, escola-comunidade, escola-universidade. / Abstract: This research relates the challenges of the construction of a suggestion of teaching collective work in the infantile education, that among the first semester of 2003 to the first semester of 2005, involved 4 teachers of a CIMEI (Integrated Municipal Center of Infantile Education) of the city of Campinas-SP. The option for developing the present research in the Infantile Education was oriented for the belief that teachers of this level of formation are historic-politician-cultural citizens, therefore capable to construct knowledges from the reflection about the self expericence and rediscuss the reason of being of the Infantile Education. I find in Paulo Freire the epistemological structure needful to understand that to educate is a collective and participating act, that only the human beings are able to learn with joy in hope that a transformation is a possible act, even when the situation is unfavorable. The inventory of data of the present inquiry was constructed with the daily journals; the interviews with the teachers; the speech with members of the scholar community; the analyses of the pedagogical politician project and the education plannings of the group of teachers. The analyses suggest that the teaching collective work by action-research intensify: the reflection on the teaching practical in perspective of changes in the day-by-day of the school; the appearance and maintenance of group as space of formation, resistance, shelter and well-being; it opens other possibilities of partnerships as, for example, school-community, school-university. / Doutorado / Ensino e Práticas Culturais / Doutor em Educação

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-01-20T15:17:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Carolina Mundim de Souza Marques dos Santos - 2015.pdf: 2416859 bytes, checksum: a1119fdd5a8d0203e4d9b34e4d88c7e5 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-01-21T07:32:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Carolina Mundim de Souza Marques dos Santos - 2015.pdf: 2416859 bytes, checksum: a1119fdd5a8d0203e4d9b34e4d88c7e5 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-21T07:32:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Carolina Mundim de Souza Marques dos Santos - 2015.pdf: 2416859 bytes, checksum: a1119fdd5a8d0203e4d9b34e4d88c7e5 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-22 / Urban sediments are potentially polluting because of their association with pollutants such as heavy metals, which occur frequently in industrial activities, increasing the possibility of contamination of water bodies generated by urban runoff. This study aimed to evaluate the composition and the temporal and spatial distribution of sediments in the urban area in the city of Goiania, quantifying the burden and the accumulation of sediment and metals, grain size and organic / inorganic fraction in a portion of the 3 gutter roads and the ledge of a building, for five months. The data was related to the amount of rainfall, traffic flow and wind strength. To this end, three streets were selected with different flows of vehicles, classified as low, medium and high flow. The sediment samples were collected in six installments of 0.5 m2, located in the gutter of the streets during four days of each month from June to October, using the method of brushing and vacuuming, proposed by Seep and Chiew (2002). Also sediment samples were collected on the slab of a building 3.5m height from the floor, and analyzed the load and metals present in the particulate material contained in the filter of a high volume sampler particles. Screening and laser diffraction analyzes were performed to determine the particle size. They determined the concentrations of all metals analyzed by Optical Emission Spectrometry with Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP-OES). For the determination of organic and inorganic fractions we used the method described by STANDARD METHODS (E 2540). For metals in sediment, it was found that higher concentrations are preferably in the particles <63 pm and that follow, in general, the order Al> Fe> Ca> Ti> Mg> K> In> Ba> S> P > Mn> Zn> Cu> V> Cr> Si> Sr> Pb> Ni> U> Li> Co> Mo> Be> Cd. It was not possible to clearly observe a relationship between sludge load with the intensity of wind. As for the particle size, it was possible to observe a decrease in particle size of the sediment deposited on the slab of the building, with increasing wind speed. It was also observed an inverse behavior of the collected particulate matter in the high volume sampler particles and material collected in the gutter, where, with the rainfall there was a trend in the concentration of metals and charge build-up in the gutter and decrease the filter. As for the organic and inorganic fractions, it observed that the way to greater presence of trees showed higher organic fraction, and the way the sediments have, in general, higher organic fraction of the sediments of "white". The average diameter of the particles showed an increasing trend with the rainfall, and a direct relationship with the flow of vehicles, where the route to greater flow of cars had the highest grain sizes. / Sedimentos urbanos são potencialmente poluidores devido a sua associação a poluentes como metais pesados, que se encontram frequentemente presentes em atividades industriais, aumentando a possibilidade de contaminação de corpos d’água gerada pelo escoamento superficial urbano. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a composição e a distribuição temporal e espacial de sedimentos em área urbana do município de Goiânia, quantificando a carga e o acúmulo de sedimentos e metais, granulometria e fração orgânica/inorgânica, em uma parcela da sarjeta de 3 vias e na laje de uma edificação, por 5 meses. Os dados foram relacionados com a quantidade de precipitação, fluxo de veículos e intensidade do vento. Para tal, foram selecionadas três ruas com diferentes fluxos de veículos, classificadas como de baixo, médio e alto fluxo. As amostras de sedimento foram coletadas em seis parcelas de 0,5 m², localizadas na sarjeta das ruas durante 4 dias de cada mês, de junho a outubro, pelo método da escovação e aspiração, proposto por Vaze e Chiew (2002). Foram coletadas também amostras de sedimentos na laje de uma edificação de 3,5m de altura em relação ao pavimento, e analisadas a carga e metais presentes no material particulado contido no filtro de um amostrador de partículas de grande volume. Foram realizadas análises de peneiramento e difratometria a laser para determinação da granulometria. Foram determinadas as concentrações de todos os metais, analisadas por Espectrometria de Emissão Óptica com Plasma Indutivamente Acoplado (ICP-OES). Para a determinação da fração orgânica e inorgânica foi utilizado o método descrito pelo STANDART METHODS (2540 E). Os resultados das análises de concentrações de metais, granulometria e fração orgânica/inorgânica foram comparadas com os resultados das amostras de “branco” de cada ponto. Os resultados mostram que a carga de sedimentos tem uma relação inversa com a ocorrência/intensidade de precipitação e com o fluxo de veículos. Para os metais nos sedimentos, verificou-se que as maiores concentrações estão preferencialmente nas partículas < 63 μm, e que seguem, em geral, a ordem de Al > Fe > Ca > Ti > Mg > K > Na > Ba > S > P > Mn > Zn > Cu > V > Cr > Si > Sr > Pb > Ni > U > Li > Co > Mo > Be > Cd. Não foi possível observar claramente uma relação entre carga de sedimentos com a intensidade do vento. Já quanto à granulometria, foi possível observar uma diminuição da granulometria dos sedimentos depositados na laje da edificação, com o aumento da intensidade do vento. Foi observado também um comportamento inverso do material particulado coletado no amostrador de partículas e do material coletado na sarjeta, onde, com a ocorrência de chuvas houve uma tendência de aumento da concentração de metais e acúmulo de carga na sarjeta e diminuição no filtro. Quanto à fração orgânica e inorgânica, foi possível verificar que a via com maior presença de arborização apresentou maior fração orgânica, e que os sedimentos das vias apresentam, de modo geral, maior fração orgânica que os sedimentos de “branco”. O diâmetro médio das partículas apresentou uma tendência de aumento com a ocorrência de chuvas, e uma relação direta com o fluxo de veículos, onde a via com maior fluxo de veículos apresentou as maiores granulometrias.

Esse trabalho, estreitado com a linha de pesquisa do Programa de Pósgraduação em Geografia Humana, tem por objetivo maior indicar as transformações recentes ocorridas no espaço urbano da cidade de Tiradentes - MG, ou seja, a partir da década de 1980. A fim de demonstrar isso, houve um estudo sobre a formação socioespacial da cidade ao longo do tempo - desde o século XVIII até 2005, incluindo aí a influência do turismo - que resgatou o dinamismo econômico local após os anos 1960. Desse modo, Tiradentes passa a receber investimentos públicos e privados que incrementam o turismo e, assim, atraem os imigrantes; valorizam seus terrenos e imóveis; transformam o Centro Histórico cada vez mais numa região de comércio e em processo de gentrificação; expandem intensamente a cidade, desde a década de 1980, através de loteamentos nos bairros. Nesse contexto, o trabalho é finalizado com as perspectivas da expansão urbana que estão se formando em Tiradentes. / This research beside the Post-Graduation Program in Human Geography line has as a greatest proposal to indicate the most recently transformation at the urban space of Tiradentes-MG, after the eighties. In order to prove that , a study was made about the sociospace build-up of the city through the years since the eightieth century until 2005, including tourism influence that brought back its economic dynamism of the place after the sixties. By the way, Tiradentes begins to receive public and private investiments increasing the tourism in the city, absorbing migrant people, raising the value of real properties. The Historical Center becomes more and more on a trade region and in gentrification process and new plots of land at the neighborhood shows the intensity expansion of the city since the eighties. On this context, the research ends revealing the perspectives of urban expansion that are taking shape in Tiradentes.