Samhället har under de senaste årtiondena inriktat sig allt mer på hälsa och välmående. Detta har skapat ett allt större intresse för organisationers arbete med hälsopromotion, det vill säga främjande av hälsa på arbetsplatsen. Kandidatuppsatsen behandlar hur hälsopromotion används för att skapa medarbetare som identifierar sig med Svenska Byggnadsarbetarförbundets värderingar. Anställda har intervjuats där utgångspunkten var att undersöka hur förbundskontoret arbetar med hälsopromotion och hur värderingar förmedlas. Genom intervjuer framgick att förbundskontoret använder sig av olika identitetsskapande metoder för att styra medarbetare att identifiera sig med organisationen och för att bli självstyrande. Förbundskontoret använder hälsopromotion för att skapa gemensamma värderingar, detta har bidragit till en stark sammanhållning mellan medarbetare vilket skapat lojalitet och legitimitet gentemot kollegor och organisation. / Society has in recent decades focused more and more on health and wellbeing. This has created a growing interest in organizations working with health promotion, in other words the promotion of health in workplaces. The bachelor essay discusses how health promotion is used to create employees who identify themselves with the Swedish Building Workers' Union values. Employees where interviewed on the basis of finding out how the federal office works with health promotion and how values are conveyed. Through interviews we learned that the federal office uses different identity regulation methods to control employees to identify with the organization and to achieve self-control. The federal office uses health promotion in order to create common values, this has contributed to a strong cohesion between employees which has created loyalty and legitimacy towards colleagues and organization.

Volunteer-managed nonprofit organizations (VNPOs) are defined as nonprofit organizations managed exclusively by volunteers without paid-staff. There is no well-recognized theory describing how to govern or structure VNPOs, despite their significance in the social economy. This study argues non-bureaucratic governance and non-hierarchical structures are appropriate for some VNPOs. Rothschild-Whitt (1979) proposes six significant challenges for organizations with non-bureaucratic governance. Using multiple case-study methodology, the magnitude of these challenges was assessed in three VNPOs adopting non-bureaucratic governance and non-hierarchical structure. Four challenges, namely, time, homogeneity, emotional intensity, and individual differences, did not adversely affect the selected VNPOs. Two challenges, namely, nondemocratic individuals and environmental constraints, remained obstacles for the selected VNPOs. Five other challenges to non-bureaucratic governance specific to VNPOs were also identified and discussed, specifically, succession planning and recruitment, task completion, minimal socialization, pressure to achieve consensus, and administrative issues. Insights from such studies may help to better manage non-bureaucratic/non-hierarchical VNPOs.

Volunteer-managed nonprofit organizations (VNPOs) are defined as nonprofit organizations managed exclusively by volunteers without paid-staff. There is no well-recognized theory describing how to govern or structure VNPOs, despite their significance in the social economy. This study argues non-bureaucratic governance and non-hierarchical structures are appropriate for some VNPOs. Rothschild-Whitt (1979) proposes six significant challenges for organizations with non-bureaucratic governance. Using multiple case-study methodology, the magnitude of these challenges was assessed in three VNPOs adopting non-bureaucratic governance and non-hierarchical structure. Four challenges, namely, time, homogeneity, emotional intensity, and individual differences, did not adversely affect the selected VNPOs. Two challenges, namely, nondemocratic individuals and environmental constraints, remained obstacles for the selected VNPOs. Five other challenges to non-bureaucratic governance specific to VNPOs were also identified and discussed, specifically, succession planning and recruitment, task completion, minimal socialization, pressure to achieve consensus, and administrative issues. Insights from such studies may help to better manage non-bureaucratic/non-hierarchical VNPOs.

This study examines 1) whether the different expenditure mechanisms used by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) invite different sources of influences on the budget process and thus on the expenditure outcomes and 2) whether the frequent use of omnibus appropriations bills since 1996 has changed budget levels of the institutes under the NIH. The NIH uses two major expenditure mechanisms with very different beneficiary groups: the principal investigator-initiated Research Project Grants and Intramural Research. Drawing on theories of motivations of public officials and of political clout of agency heads and considering empirical studies of the effect of omnibus legislation, this study reveals the following: 1) directors with more public service experience are more successful in securing a higher budget for their institutes; 2) while the directors are found to be driven by public service motivation, when it comes to expenditure allocation between two different mechanisms, they behave in a self-interested manner, representing the interests of the institutional sectors where they have developed close relationships; 3) with ever-increasing budgets between 1983 and 2005, the institute directors have chosen to seek higher budgets rather than merely avoid the risk of budget cuts; 4) although the advisory boards are purportedly used to seek private input for the priority setting, they tend to increase intramural more than external research project grant expenditures; 5) the practice of omnibus appropriations bills significantly benefits the institutes under the NIH such that with omnibus legislation the institutes¡¯ total expenditures have more than doubled controlling the other factors; and 6) there are significant differences in the effects of the director¡¯s public experience and the number of advisory boards and their membership both (i) between disease-focused institutes and nondisease institutes and (ii) with and without omnibus legislation. The effects of the director¡¯s public service experience and the advisory boards have more budgetary impact in the general science-focused institutes than in their disease-focused counterparts. The influence of the advisory board and of the institute director¡¯s public service experience on the individual institute¡¯s expenditure level is significantly diminished by the frequent use of omnibus appropriations bills.

How does interservice rivalry affect American civil-military relations? In three essays, I develop theoretical propositions about the relationship between interservice rivalry and civil-military outcomes; propose a two-stage model of civil-military interaction surrounding use of force decisions; and investigate the correlates of interservice rivalry with a focus on budget pressure.

Problem: How do post-bureaucratic organizations think about control where individual freedom and responsibility are central elements? Purpose: The purpose with this study is to examine and analyze how a post-bureaucratic organization sees on control and how it controls the employees. Method: The collection of data was done by semi structured interviews. The interviews covers three different levels of the organization in the operative business at Urb-it. The data was analyzed and compared with relevant theories and studies in governance in hope to full fill the purpose of the study. Conclusion: The study shows that normative control methods are the most used at Urb-it. The management team works actively with control methods where the recruitment process is the biggest one while the employees feel free rather than controlled.

Au lendemain du Compromis de 1867, l’administration ministérielle de Budapest répond à un double héritage. Elle hérite d’un côté de l’« administration noble » des comitats (nobile officium de l’auto-administration des nobles dans la fonction publique élective), tandis que de l’autre, l’empreinte du néo-absolutisme rappelle la tradition de professionnalisation de l’administration centrale de l’Autriche, qui comme la Prusse organise un « fonctionnariat » dès le milieu du XVIIIe siècle. Aussi, ce double héritage structure les deux « niveaux » de l’administration : alors que l’administration régionale reste aux mains des notables locaux, une bureaucratie d’État émerge dans les institutions centrales, dont par ailleurs le personnel s’embourgeoise.Cette thèse propose une approche empirique des enjeux que recouvre le développement de l’administration centrale de l’ « ère bourgeoise » en Hongrie. Pour cela, le personnel des ministères est abordé à travers deux axes principaux : la professionnalisation de l’administration, et l’embourgeoisement de l’élite ministérielle. Une étude détaillée du recrutement social, de la formation académique et enfin des carrières des hauts fonctionnaires de l’administration ministérielle apporte un nouvel éclairage à ces questions. Par-delà le lustre des bals de cours, des cérémonies officielles et des casinos de la capitale, c’est bien ces aspects que s’efforce de mettre à jour le présent travail, dans une démarche quantitative appuyée par des statistique descriptives. / Following the Compromise of 1867, the ministerial administration in Budapest relates to a double inheritance. On the one side, there is the « administration of the nobles » of the counties, nobile officium of the elective public service of the noble class. On the other hand, neo-absolutism manifests itself in the tradition of the professionalization of Austria’s central administration, following the steps of Prussia’s civil service model since the mid-18th century. This way the double inheritance structures the two levels of the hungarian administration: with the regional management remaining in the hands of the local nobility, and a state bureaucracy gradually becoming « gentrified », and emerging in the central institutions.The present thesis proposes an empirical approach to the major issues of the central administration’s development in Hungary of the « bourgeois era ». The study of the ministerial personnel will proceed along two main axes: the administration’s professionalization and the bourgeoisification of the ministerial elite.Descriptive statistics provided by this quantitative study shall shed new lights on the recruitment mechanisms in relation to social status, academic formation and career of the ministerial high-ranking civil servants - sterner aspects of their lives beyond the usual scintillating court balls and grand official ceremonies.

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-06-04T14:27:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) O FENÔMENO BUROCRÁTICO EM MAX WEBER E MICHEL CROZIER_LAIANA CARVALHO DOS SANTOS.pdf: 776154 bytes, checksum: a0e4362c46457d2df9a1cf5bacfd412e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-06-04T14:27:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) O FENÔMENO BUROCRÁTICO EM MAX WEBER E MICHEL CROZIER_LAIANA CARVALHO DOS SANTOS.pdf: 776154 bytes, checksum: a0e4362c46457d2df9a1cf5bacfd412e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-04T14:27:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) O FENÔMENO BUROCRÁTICO EM MAX WEBER E MICHEL CROZIER_LAIANA CARVALHO DOS SANTOS.pdf: 776154 bytes, checksum: a0e4362c46457d2df9a1cf5bacfd412e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-13 / This work aims to analyze the bureaucratic phenomenon in organizations and society, from the works of Max Weber, such as The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism and Economy and Society, and Michel Crozier, of this author more particularly The Bureaucratic Phenomenon, still that research has sought knowledge in other writings. The bibliographical research proved to be a valid option and with sufficient legitimacy, since it made possible the contextualization of the works and the elaborated systems, moment of the research that justified the description of the trajectory of the author by the necessity of contextualization of the work and understanding of the writings from a historical, social, economic and political moment; and the identification of the characteristics of the bureaucratic phenomenon; the relations of power and their manifestation in French society, besides the possibility of reflecting it in Brazilian society with its specificities. Crozier undertakes a strategic analysis of organizations from the bureaucratic model, which leads to a contemporary and relevant interpretation of the Weberian work for both Sociology and Administration, considering that sociological reflection on the specific characteristics of the bureaucracy as a system of organization, brings with it the possibility of a remarkable contribution to the solution of the questions of the developing countries. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o fenômeno burocrático nas organizações e na sociedade a partir das obras de Max Weber, como A Ética Protestante e o Espírito do Capitalismo e Economia e Sociedade; e Michel Crozier, deste autor, mais particularmente O Fenômeno Burocrático, ainda que a pesquisa tenha buscado conhecimentos em outros escritos. A pesquisa bibliográfica mostrou-se uma opção válida e com suficiente legitimidade, visto que possibilitou a contextualização das obras e dos sistemas elaborados, momento da pesquisa que justificou a descrição da trajetória do autor pela necessidade de contextualização da obra e compreensão dos escritos a partir de um momento histórico, social, econômico e político; e a identificação das características do fenômeno burocrático; as relações de poder e a sua manifestação na sociedade francesa, além da possibilidade de refleti-lo na sociedade brasileira com suas especificidades. Crozier empreende uma análise estratégica das organizações a partir do modelo burocrático, o que leva a uma interpretação contemporânea e relevante da obra weberiana tanto para a Sociologia quanto para a Administração, considerando que reflexão sociológica sobre as características específicas da burocracia, enquanto sistema de organização traz consigo a possibilidade de uma contribuição notável para a solução das questões dos países em desenvolvimento.

The problem of this study is to identify and describe specific bureaucratic/organizational barriers that inhibit needed curricular and instructional flexibility and freedom in an urban school system and to determine if means exist by which the barriers can be overcome. The purposes of this study include the identification, description, and assessment of the barriers identified and the development of a process model which addresses identified barriers. The study includes samples of parents, teachers, principals, and central administrators. Questionnaires were administered to parents and teachers. Structured interviews were conducted with all administrators. The survey instruments were validated through means of pilot tests and jury panels.

In the U.S. federal system, 'crisis commissions' are powerful instruments of social learning that actively mediate the politics of disaster and reform. Typically endowed with the legal authority to establish causes of dramatic policy failures and make recommendations to prevent their recurrence, commissions can prompt major governmental reorganizations. Yet commissions are also frequently accused of being influenced by dominant interests and faulted for articulating incomplete or politically expedient narratives of failure. Even when commission conclusions are accepted, the reforms they propose are not always adopted. Using the 9/11 Commission as a conceptual backdrop, this dissertation explores the relationship between disaster, public investigation, and reform by undertaking a detailed study of the Space Shuttle Columbia Accident Investigation Board and Iraq Study Group. Together, the cases constitute a study of the national security state seeking to correct failures across different domains of state power: border security, war-making capability, and dominance in space. I argue that commissions, as one-shot diagnostic and therapeutic instruments, are more effective than standing political institutions at confronting entrenched ways of seeing and knowing in complex systems of the national security state, which are defined by the interaction of ideology, large bureaucracies, and advanced technologies. The ability of commissions to see critically for society itself is not given but rather constructed through investigative and deliberative processes that must overcome the action of political interests. Commission credibility is therefore not an essential trait that derives a priori from the inherent stature of its members, but is rather the output of the investigative phase as commissions identify, compile, and publicize errors made by the state. In this adversarial process, an aggressive professional staff emerges as a determinant of commission success, leading to an important distinction between investigative commissions with 'super staffs' and advisory commissions that lack them. Process tracing recommendations over a multi-year period nevertheless reveals dynamics of agency and resistance at play between commissions and the institutions they attempt to reform, highlighting the partial success commissions are likely to achieve at coercing entrenched institutions to implement their recommendations.