The doctoral thesis deals with the reactivity of burnt clays in connection with modified lime mortars. The theoretical part of the doctoral thesis provides an overview of the properties of lime mortars, their quality and ways of their degradation. The different types of burnt clays (brick powder, bentonites and burnt clay shale), their origin, properties and factors affecting their reactivity and methods of its evaluation are stated. The properties and reactivity of burnt clays are evaluated on the basis of determination of pozzolanic activity, mineralogical and chemical composition, surface area, density, content of the amorphous phase and granulometry in the experimental part of the doctoral thesis. The compositions of lime mortars containing burnt clays and evaluation of an impact of burnt clay on the properties of mortars in the fresh and hardened state are given. Consistency, bulk density, workability and air content of mortars in the fresh state are evaluated. Strength characteristics depending on the time, water absorbability, porosity, capillary attraction, adhesion, coefficient of diffusion resistance, frost resistance, shrinkage, mineralogical composition and microstructure of mortars in the hardened state are evaluated. Attention is also paid to the influence of the cellulose ether addition into the modified lime mortars.

This essay analyses Burnt Shadows (2009) by Kamila Shamsie from a postcolonial feminist perspective, with a focus on agency of women, representation and re-presentation, and cultural stereotypes. The degree of agency in the main characters Hiroko, Elizabeth and Kim is discussed, followed by an analysis of the re-presentation of Indian, Pakistani and Arab Muslim women characters in the text, with a focus on homogenisation and voice. Moreover, suggestions of how to teach Burnt Shadows with a postcolonial (and) feminist lens within the course English 6 in the Swedish upper secondary school EFL classroom are discussed. It is concluded that Hiroko, Elizabeth and Kim have voice and agency to various degrees. Moreover, it is stated that Indian, Pakistani and Arab Muslim women are re-presented in a stereotypical and homogenising way, and their lack of voice obstruct the possibilities of regarding these characters from a contextual, historical, and cultural perspective. The pedagogical framework concludes that Burnt Shadows can be used to study postcolonial feminist theory in the EFL classroom. Given that the teacher is open-minded, inclusive and objective, the teaching can pursue equality and solidarity in line with the fundamental values of the Swedish upper secondary school.

Cette étude a pour sujet le traitement des défunts au IIe millénaire avant J –C (Helladique Moyen et Helladique Récent) en Attique et en Argolide , afin d’établir la répartition des modes de traitement des défunts et des gestes funéraires. Ainsi, en utilisant la méthode de l’archéothanatologie, nous avons observé la position originelle des défunts, étudié la récurrence et la divergence de certains gestes funéraires. Nous avons tenté d’aborder les questions liées aux traditions propres à chacune des deux régions ; mais aussi de distinguer les différentes modalités d’adoption, partielle ou totale ainsi que les modalités de transfert des coutumes funéraires et leur évolution dans le temps. Pour mener à bien ce travail, nous avons analysé les données issues des publications et des rapports de fouilles et les photographies montrant l’intérieur de vingt-quatre tombes avec quarante-six squelettes en place. Ainsi, nous avons pu identifier les différentes faces d’apparition des diverses pièces osseuses : cela nous a permis de découvrir la présence jusqu’à la insoupçonnée, pour certains site, de contenants périssables et parfois de modifier la disposition des défunts déjà établie dans de nombreuses publications. Enfin, en parallèle, nous avons étudié, dans les musées grecs et suédois, les collections d’ossements des sites d’Asinè et de l’Ancienne Agora d’Athènes dans le but d’y découvrir des modifications osseuses d’origine anthropique volontaire ; mais nous n’avons identifié que des os sans modifications volontaires et brûlés. / This study investigates the treatment of the deceased during the 2nd millennium BC (Middle Helladic and Helladic Recent), in order to establish treatment distributions and funeral gestures. Thus, by using the "archeothanatological" method, we observed the original position of the deceased, studies the recurrence and the divergence of some funeral gestures. We have tried to identify regional traditions, but also to distinguish between different adoption modalities, partial or total transfers of funeral customs through time. To carry out this work, we analyzed data from publications and excavation reports and photographs showing the interior of twenty-four tombs with forty-six skeletons in situ. Thus, were able to identify the different faces of appearance of the various bon parts: this has allowed us to discover the presence until now unsuspected, for some sites, perishable containers: sometimes were proposed new positions of the deceased different of those already established in many publications. Finally, in parallel, we have studied in Greek and Swedish museum collections of bones of the sites of Assine I and II and of the ancient Agora of Athens in order to discover bone voluntary anthropogenic changes. We thus showed the absence of voluntar changes and burnt bones.

<p>The variety of fish species found at the archaeological sites indicates the exploitation of local and regional ecosystems. The focus of the fisheries varies from site to site. </p><p> The study is based on the analyses of faunal materials from 10 archaeological sites from Eastern Middle Sweden, Gotland, and Åland dating to approximately 3800 – 1850 B.C. The mainland assemblages are mainly burnt and highly fragmented. When comparing burnt and unburnt bone materials, results showed a marked predominance of fish specimens within the unburnt assemblages. The burnt bone materials showed a striking preponderance of marine mammals. The burning process impairs identification and quantification of fishbone. Species presence per context complemented summary data and showed that low and medium frequency species were handled more often than summary data indicate. Intra-site studies of burnt bones demonstrated the importance of detailed studies of the taphonomic history of the faunal assemblages.</p><p> At Ajvide on the island of Gotland, large amounts of well preserved unburnt faunal remains, and ca. 600 bone fishhooks have been unearthed. Replicas of fishhooks from this assemblage were subjected to strength test, osteometric, morphological, and breakage studies. Results point to an elaborated fishing technology for capturing medium sized cod. Incremental studies of cod otoliths (ear stones) from Ajvide showed that most cod were captured in fall and winter. A comparison with the contemporaneous Jettböle site on the Åland islands, showed that in general smaller cod and herring were captured there. </p><p> The ecological conditions were somewhat different during the Neolithic. The growth pattern for cod indicate a more rapid growth for young cod but with a lower asymptotic length compared to modern cod.</p>

The variety of fish species found at the archaeological sites indicates the exploitation of local and regional ecosystems. The focus of the fisheries varies from site to site. The study is based on the analyses of faunal materials from 10 archaeological sites from Eastern Middle Sweden, Gotland, and Åland dating to approximately 3800 – 1850 B.C. The mainland assemblages are mainly burnt and highly fragmented. When comparing burnt and unburnt bone materials, results showed a marked predominance of fish specimens within the unburnt assemblages. The burnt bone materials showed a striking preponderance of marine mammals. The burning process impairs identification and quantification of fishbone. Species presence per context complemented summary data and showed that low and medium frequency species were handled more often than summary data indicate. Intra-site studies of burnt bones demonstrated the importance of detailed studies of the taphonomic history of the faunal assemblages. At Ajvide on the island of Gotland, large amounts of well preserved unburnt faunal remains, and ca. 600 bone fishhooks have been unearthed. Replicas of fishhooks from this assemblage were subjected to strength test, osteometric, morphological, and breakage studies. Results point to an elaborated fishing technology for capturing medium sized cod. Incremental studies of cod otoliths (ear stones) from Ajvide showed that most cod were captured in fall and winter. A comparison with the contemporaneous Jettböle site on the Åland islands, showed that in general smaller cod and herring were captured there. The ecological conditions were somewhat different during the Neolithic. The growth pattern for cod indicate a more rapid growth for young cod but with a lower asymptotic length compared to modern cod.

Submitted by WILLIANS LUIZ BUENO DE SOUZA null (williansbueno@gmail.com) on 2016-12-16T14:06:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Willians_Luiz_Bueno_de_Souza.pdf: 14512455 bytes, checksum: 9f32ac4d5d042815890dd0ebccaec025 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-12-19T20:01:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_wlb_dr_jabo.pdf: 14512455 bytes, checksum: 9f32ac4d5d042815890dd0ebccaec025 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-19T20:01:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_wlb_dr_jabo.pdf: 14512455 bytes, checksum: 9f32ac4d5d042815890dd0ebccaec025 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-02 / O Brasil é o maior produtor de cana-de-açúcar mundial, e 90% da produção desta cultura está concentrada na região Centro-Sul. O Planalto Ocidental Paulista é a unidade morfológica agrupada pelas regiões norte, noroeste e sudoeste do estado de São Paulo, região sudeste do Brasil com área cultivada de cana estimada em 4.989.511 ha, que representa 86% da produção do estado. Apesar dos benefícios econômicos apresentados pela expansão do setor sucroalcooleiro, algumas questões precisam ser mais bem discutidas sobre a cultura, como os impactos ambientais causados pelas queimadas. Uma das práticas mais comuns ainda hoje utilizada no Brasil é a queima da palha da cana-de-açúcar, com o propósito de facilitar as operações de colheita. Baseando-se nos dados gerados pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE e metodologias para inventário de emissões do Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanças Climáticas - IPCC. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram quantificar as emissões dos gases de efeito estufa provenientes das etapas de manejo da cana-de-açúcar que recentemente expandiu no Planalto Ocidental Paulista; e avaliar as mudanças na quantidade e qualidade de carbono do solo devido à conversão no sistema de colheita. Sendo observada uma expansão de 80,71% na área cultivada, mesmo com esse crescimento, as fontes de emissões reduziram de 1,54 para 1,45 t CO2eq ha-1 entre os anos de 2008 e 2013, equivalente a 5,84% a menos em emissões por área. Os resultados indicam que a redução progressiva da queimada que antecedente a colheita foi determinante para redução das emissões por hectare, sendo esta prática de queimada, determinante por 73,61% dos totais de emissões das operações de colheita. Conclui-se que apesar da área cultivada ter expandido consideravelmente, os níveis de emissões por área ou por tonelada de cana produzida diminuíram. Isso só foi possível devido à conversão no sistema de manejo da colheita antes realizada como manual queimada, e gradativamente convertido para mecanizada crua. / Brazil is the largest producer of sugarcane in the world, and 90% of the production of this crop is concentrated in the Center-South region. The Occidental Plateau Paulista is the morphological unit grouped by the north, northwest and southwest regions of the state of São Paulo, southeastern region of Brazil with an estimated area of 4,989,511 ha, which represents 86% of state production. Despite the economic benefits presented by the expansion of the sugar and alcohol sector, some issues need to be better discussed about the crop, such as the environmental impacts caused by the fires. One of the most common practices still used today in Brazil is the burning of sugarcane straw, in order to facilitate harvesting operations. Based on the data generated by the National Institute of Space Research - INPE and methodologies for inventory of emissions from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - IPCC. The objectives of this work were to quantify the emissions of greenhouse gases from the stages of sugarcane management that recently expanded in the São Paulo Occidental Plateau; And to evaluate changes in soil carbon quantity and quality due to conversion to the harvesting system. With an increase of 80.71% in the cultivated area, even with this growth, emission sources reduced from 1.54 to 1.45 t CO2eq ha-1 between 2008 and 2013, equivalent to 5.84% Less in emissions per area. The results indicate that the progressive reduction of the burning that preceded the harvest was determinant to reduce the emissions per hectare, being this practice of burning, determining by 73.61% of the emissions totals of the harvesting operations. It is concluded that although the area under cultivation has expanded considerably, the emission levels per area or per ton of cane produced have decreased. This was only possible due to the conversion to the harvest management system previously performed as a burned manual, and gradually converted to raw mechanized.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:44:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV15MA169.pdf: 682086 bytes, checksum: e66cb9ecfd276d4b0dca8a7c5e02653d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / The state of Santa Catarina is a major producer and consumer of corn kernels. Much of this cereal is used by agribusinesses in the production of animal protein. The stalk rot (PC) and ear can harm the quality and quantity of grain produced. The objective of this study was to quantify damage caused by PC in different altitudes in the state of Santa Catarina, identify the pathogens involved, assess the quality of grains and relate the presence of disease in the stalk to damaged kernels. Samples were taken in nine municipalities in the 2012/13 crop (Quilombo, Descanso, Petrolândia, Cunha Pora, Ituporanga, Papanduva, Campos Novos, Fraiburgo and Vargeão) and six in the 2013/14 crop (Quilombo, Palmitos, Bela Vista do Toldo, Fraiburgo and Caçador). The areas were divided according to the altitude of origin: low areas (0-400 meters), medium (400-800 m) and high (above 800 m). The work was conducted in partnership with the corn seed company Pioneer, using its commercial assays for data collection. We evaluated four commercial hybrids: 30F53YH, 30R50YH, AG8025 (PRO and PRO2) and DKB240 (PRO and PRO2). The experimental design was completely randomized factorial design with four replications. Cases and identification of causative agents were quantified at harvest, which was separated ears of patients from healthy plants. The spikes were threshed separately, the beans were weighed and dried to determine the damage caused by PC and analysis of the percentage of burnt grain (GA). The PC incidence ranged from 8.7% to 63.5%, average 26.35% in the 2012/13 crop, and 0.6 to 13.8%, averaging 5.52% in the 2013 harvest / 14. The damage caused by stalk rot ranged from 171.2 to 1248.02 kg ha-1 (average of 453.42 kg ha-1) in the first harvest and 17.1 to 338.24 kg ha-1 (mean 138.59 kg ha-1) in the second. Higher incidences and PC damage was detected in the areas of medium and high altitude. The hybrid with higher incidence of PC was DKB240 (in PRO versions and PRO2). The disease more present in Santa Catarina areas was fusarium. There were significant linear correlation between incidence and damage by 60% of the assessed areas. In the season 2012/13 the Fraiburgo had a higher incidence of GA for the four hybrids, average of 14.9%, while Campos Novos the lowest, 0.5%. In the harvest 2013/14 was not a trend, each hybrid responded differently to the site. The relationship between PC and GA for the four hybrids was low / O Estado de Santa Catarina é um importante produtor e consumidor de grãos de milho. Grande parte desse cereal é utilizado pelas agroindústrias na produção de proteína animal. As podridões do colmo (PC) e de espiga podem prejudicar a qualidade e quantidade de grãos produzidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar danos causados por PC em altitudes diferenciadas no estado de Santa Catarina, identificar os patógenos envolvidos, avaliar a qualidade dos grãos produzidos e relacionar a presença de doença no colmo com grãos ardidos. Foram realizadas coletas em nove municípios na safra 2012/13 (Quilombo, Descanso, Petrolândia, Cunha Porã, Ituporanga, Papanduva, Campos Novos, Fraiburgo e Vargeão) e seis na safra 2013/14 (Quilombo, Palmitos, Bela Vista do Toldo, Fraiburgo e Caçador). As áreas foram divididas de acordo com a altitude de origem: áreas baixas (0 a 400 metros), médias (400 a 800 m) e altas (acima de 800 m). O trabalho foi conduzido em parceria com a empresa de sementes de milho Pioneer, utilizando seus ensaios comerciais para coleta de dados. Foram avaliados quatro híbridos comerciais: 30F53YH, 30R50YH, AG8025 (PRO e PRO2) e DKB240 (PRO e PRO2). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, fatorial, com quatro repetições. A incidência de PC e identificação de agentes causais foram quantificadas na colheita, onde separou-se espigas de plantas doentes de sadias. As espigas foram trilhadas separadamente, os grãos foram pesados e secados para determinação do dano causado por PC e análise da porcentagem de grão ardido (GA). As incidências de PC variaram de 8,7% a 63,5%, média 26,35%, na safra 2012/13, e de 0,6 a 13,8%, média de 5,52%, na safra 2013/14. O dano causado por podridão de colmo variou de 171,2 a 1.248,02 Kg ha-1 (média de 453,42 Kg ha-1) na primeira safra e de 17,1 a 338,24 Kg ha-1 (média de 138,59 Kg ha-1) na segunda safra. Maiores incidências e danos de PC foram detectados nas áreas de média e alta altitude. O híbrido com maior incidência de PC foi DKB240 (nas versões PRO e PRO2). A doença mais presente nas áreas catarinenses foi fusariose. Existiu correlação linear positiva entre incidência e dano em 60% das áreas avaliadas. Na safra 2012/13 o município de Fraiburgo apresentou maior incidência de GA para os quatro híbridos avaliados, média de 14,9%, enquanto Campos Novos a menor, 0,5%. Na safra 2013/14 cada híbrido respondeu de forma diferenciada ao local. A relação entre PC e GA para os quatro híbridos avaliados foi baixa

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When subtitles are burned into a video, an error can sometimes occur in the encoder that results in the same subtitle being burned into several frames, resulting in subtitles becoming frozen. This thesis provides a way to detect frozen video subtitles with the help of an implemented text detector and classifier. Two types of classifiers, naïve classifiers and machine learning classifiers, are tested and compared on a variety of different videos to see how much a machine learning approach can improve the performance. The naïve classifiers are evaluated using ground truth data to gain an understanding of the importance of good text detection. To understand the difficulty of the problem, two different machine learning classifiers are tested, logistic regression and random forests. The result shows that machine learning improves the performance over using naïve classifiers by improving the specificity from approximately 87.3% to 95.8% and improving the accuracy from 93.3% to 95.5%. Random forests achieve the best overall performance, but the difference compared to when using logistic regression is small enough that more computationally complex machine learning classifiers are not necessary. Using the ground truth shows that the weaker naïve classifiers would be improved by at least 4.2% accuracy, thus a better text detector is warranted. This thesis shows that machine learning is a viable option for detecting frozen video subtitles.

Introdução: A queima da cana de açúcar para a colheita ocorre para facilitar o trabalho de corte, reduzir o volume de resíduos, controlar pragas, evaporar e concentrar o açúcar na haste e eliminar animais perigosos do canavial. A queima da cana de açúcar e seus efeitos à saúde humana são o objeto de diversas pesquisas na área da saúde pública brasileira e mundial. Objetivos: Estudar, por diferentes métodos, a relação entre as queimadas de cana de açúcar e a incidência de doenças respiratórias na mesorregião de Presidente Prudente. Verificar a evolução das queimadas e da produção de cana de açúcar na região, no período de 2008 a 2011. Metodologia: Revisão bibliográfica. Composição de banco de dados geográficos com as variáveis em estudo. Análise dos dados. Elaboração de mapas temáticos e gráficos das variáveis. Cálculo do índice de Moran local das variáveis de estudo. Análise de estatística espacial com os dados de focos de queimadas, hectares de cana de açúcar colhidos com queima prévia e internações. Elaboração de mapas temáticos para comparação e análise. Descrição dos resultados. Resultados: A revisão bibliográfica, entre outras coisas, mostrou diferentes impactos à saúde devido a queima de cana de açúcar. A produção de cana de açúcar aumentou na região de estudo nos últimos anos, consequentemente aumentando a quantidade de queimadas em oposição ao previsto na legislação. Os aglomerados espaciais onde há a colheita com queima prévia coincidiram com os de maior incidência para doenças respiratórias. Identificou se uma área, na porção norte do território estudado de maior vulnerabilidade à poluição atmosférica e, consequentemente, com maior incidência de internações. Conclusões: No período de 2008 a 2011 ocorreu aumento no número de hectares colhidos com queima prévia, associado ao aumento da produção de cana de açúcar. Este efeito não se repetiu nas internações por doenças respiratórias para as faixas etárias selecionadas. Novas pesquisas são necessárias para uma melhor correlação entre o aumento da utilização da queima como método de colheita e as internações respiratórias na região. / Introduction: The burning of sugarcane for harvest occurs to facilitate the cutting work, reduce the volume of waste, control pests, evaporate and concentrate the sugar in the stem and remove dangerous animals from a sugarcane field. The burning of sugar cane and its effects on human health are the subject of several studies in the area of the brazilian and global public health. Objectives: To study, by different methods, the relationship between the burning of sugarcane and the incidence of respiratory illnesses in the middle region of Presidente Prudente. Checking the progress of fires and sugar cane production in the region, from 2008 to 2011. Methods: Literature review. Geographic database composition with the study variables. Data analysis. Preparation of thematic maps and charts of the variables. Calculation of the local Moran index of the study variables. Spatial statistics analysis with data from outbreaks of fires, hectares of sugar cane harvested with previous burning and hospitalizations. Preparation of thematic maps for comparison and analysis. Description of the results. Results: The literature review, among other things, showed different health impacts due to burning of sugar cane. The production of sugar cane increased in the study region in 9 recent years, thus increasing the amount of fires in opposition to the law. The clusters where there is the harvest with previous burning coincided with the highest incidence of respiratory diseases. Identified if an area in the northern portion of the territory studied most vulnerable to air pollution and consequently a higher incidence of hospitalizations. Conclusions: In the period 2008-2011 there was an increase in the number of acres harvested with previous burning, associated with increased production of sugar cane. This effect was not repeated in admissions for respiratory diseases for selected age groups. Further research is needed to better correlation between the increased use of burning as harvesting method and respiratory hospitalizations in the region.