Businesses with less than 20 employees are regarded as small businesses. The four main types of small business structures are mostly Sole Trader, Partnership, Trust, and Company. E-commerce is the transformation of key commerce processes through the use of the Internet. E-commerce consists of the buying, selling, marketing and servicing of products and services over the Internet. The benefits of E-commerce are reduction in costs, convenient communication and performance of the business process. Several models for E-commerce are Business to Business (B2B), Business to Customer (B2C), Business to Employee (B2E), Business to Government (B2G), and Customer to Customer (C2C). This thesis considers the small typical business structures in Australia to build a framework for small business. Small Business Framework (SBF) is developed to provide a framework to design and implement Web applications for Smart Clients and applications for E-commerce and M-commerce models which are mainly B2B and B2C. The SBF�s components are database, email, electronic payment, products, orders, and login. The technology requirements to operate the SBF are Personal Digital Assistants (PDA), Unicode, Web Server, Visual Studio .NET 2003 (VS .NET) and provision of services through Internet. In order to test and evaluate SBF, an Online Asian Grocery Mobile (OAGM) application has been developed for B2C using MS Visual Studio .NET 2003 (VS.NET). Results showed that the SBF is a good framework for small businesses and the OAGM is a sucessful application prototype since OAGM provides good accessibility, saves time, and is effective.

應用系統的發展從以前的部門資訊系統，到目前的企業整體資源規劃系統(Enterprise Resource Planning, ERP)，更而甚之地橫跨企業組織的供應鏈管理系統(Supply Chain Management, SCM)；從這樣的趨勢發展我們可以輕易地發現應用系統的範圍逐漸擴大，而且對系統品質及穩定度的要求越來越高，因此也讓軟體從業人員面臨了三大挑戰：系統複雜度提高、開發效率的提升及系統品質的確保。 1997年物件管理委員會(Object Management Group, OMG)通過了統一化塑模語言(Unified Modeling Language, UML)成為物件導向塑模語言的標準之後，物件導向開發方法開始被軟體從業人員所重視。 雖然物件導向系統發展方法從分析到設計階段能有效地讓系統具有低耦合力(low coupling)及高內聚力(high cohesion)之特性，而且企業應用框架(Business Framework)在系統設計到實作、測試及維護階段能夠以其標準化的企業物件、系統開發方式及彈性化的架構讓整體成本下降。然而企業應用框架的提供廠商通常欠缺著一套結合了物件導向分析與設計和企業應用框架的系統發展方法，因此本研究的目的在於透過對物件導向塑模語言、軟體工程及專案管理和企業應用框架的研究與了解，試圖將企業應用框架與UML及Unified Process結合，以彙整出一套系統發展指引，稱為以框架為基礎之元件化系統發展方法(Framework-based Componentized System development Process)，以期有效提升軟體的生產力及品質，成為下一代開發應用系統的方法。

Le cadre légal des affaires en Haïti et, plus particulièrement, le Code des investissements de 2002 ne sont ni en mesure d’attirer les investissements directs étrangers, ni n’arrivent à faciliter la réalisation des activités entrepreneuriales. Ce cadre légal n’est pas adapté à la situation particulière des jeunes entrepreneur.e.s en Haïti ni à celle des entrepreneur.e.s de la diaspora intéressé.e.s à entreprendre des affaires dans leur pays d’origine. Certaines initiatives de l’État haïtien pour promouvoir les activités entrepreneuriales au pays, encourager les jeunes à se lancer en affaires ou convaincre la diaspora et les étranger.ère.s à venir investir dans le pays, ne produisent pas de résultats satisfaisants. Il y a lieu de questionner les obstacles qui empêchent le climat des affaires haïtien d’être attractif et compétitif. De tels obstacles sont d’ordre à la fois politique, financier, administratif, structurel et légal. Ceux liés au cadre légal en vigueur et aux démarches administratives pour réaliser les activités entrepreneuriales ont fait l’objet, dans le cadre de ce mémoire, d’une analyse particulière. Cette dernière a permis de mettre en exergue les lourdeurs administratives, la difficulté de trouver du financement et l’absence de définition du statut « d’entrepreneur.e » et d’un encadrement des activités entrepreneuriales proprement dites. Le cadre légal des affaires en vigueur, se limitant au droit commercial traditionnel, mérite d’être mis à jour afin d’être adapté aux particularités des jeunes entrepreneur.e.s. D’où la formulation, dans ce mémoire, d’un ensemble de propositions qui prennent en compte, d’une part, les différents obstacles qui compliquent la réalisation d’activités entrepreneuriales en Haïti et, d’autre part, les particularités des jeunes entrepreneur.e.s ou de l’entrepreneuriat jeunesse. / The legal framework for business in Haiti and, in particular, the 2002 Investment Code are neither able to attract foreign direct investment nor facilitate entrepreneurial activities. This legal framework is not adapted to the particular situation of young entrepreneurs in Haiti or to that of entrepreneurs from the diaspora interested in doing business in their home country. Some Haitian government initiatives to promote entrepreneurial activities in the country, encourage young people to start a business or convince the diaspora and foreigners to invest in the country are not producing satisfactory results. There is a need to question the obstacles that prevent the Haitian business climate from being attractive and competitive. Such obstacles are political, financial, administrative, structural and legal. Those related to the legal framework in force and the administrative procedures for carrying out entrepreneurial activities have been the subject of a particular analysis in the context of this brief. This analysis has made it possible to highlight the administrative burden, the difficulty in finding financing and the lack of definition of the status of “entrepreneur” and the lack of a framework for entrepreneurial activities as such. The current legal framework for business, limited to traditional commercial law, needs to be updated in order to be adapted to the particularities of young entrepreneurs. Hence the formulation, in this brief, of a set of proposals that take into account, on the one hand, the various obstacles that complicate the realization of entrepreneurial activities in Haiti and, on the other hand, the particularities of young entrepreneurs or youth entrepreneurship.