No description available.

<p>In order to accomplish that a construction is correctly built, it is critical to obtain a well functioning control mechanism throughout the project. The way to enable this is not by having an independent inspector constantly at your side. Today it is praxis to use check lists and have people responsible of quality to make sure that these are followed. This is where discretionary inspections play their part. These among others are documents needed to com-plete the check list. Documented discretionary inspections are based on a control mechanism that allows the entrepreneurs to, in their own organizations, self check the performed task, and by that ensure that the quality of each task is executed in a satisfying way. Due to the fact that most projects today are suffering by lack of time during construction, it is most likely to presume that the discretionary inspections can fall out of the priority, be performed in an unsatisfying way or not be performed at all.</p><p>However, experience from construction business tells us that calculated energy consumption often differs from the actual, once the building is completed. This anomaly strikes hardest to apartment blocks and therefore we intend to find a connection between poorly executed dis-cretionary inspections and high energy usage. Discretionary inspections are used by most contractors in the construction business to ensure that the work in progress always serves en-vironmental lines of thoughts.</p><p>During the progress in our writing we have achieved a good insight in routines and how the business works, for good and for bad. The report finishes with a discussion considering the overall concept of discretionary inspections, how to improve them and potential ways of supporting the concept in the future.</p>

The use of Phase Change Material, PCM, to change the thermal inertia of lightweight buildings is investigated in the CRAFT project C-TIDE. It is a joint project with Italian and Swedish partners, representing both industry and research. PCMs are materials where the phase change enthalpy can be used for thermal storage. The Swedish application is a night ventilation system where cold night air is used to solidify the PCM. The PCM is melted in the day with warm indoor air and thereby the indoor air is cooled. The system is intended for light weight buildings with an overproduction of heat during daytime. In the thesis, the results of experiments and numerical simulations of the application are presented. The theoretical background in order design the heat exchanger and applying the installation in thermal simulation software is presented. An extensive program is set up, in order to develop test methods and carry tests to evaluate the performance over time of the PCM. Testing procedures are set up according to ISO standards concerning service life testing. The tests are focused on the change over time of the Thermal Storage Capacity (TSC) in different temperature spans. Measurements are carried out on large samples with a water bath calorimeter. The service life estimation of a material is based on the performance of one or more critical properties over time. When the performances of these properties are below the performance requirements, the material has reached its service life. The critical properties of the PCM are evaluated by simulation of the application. The performance requirements of the material are set up according to general requirements of PCM and requirements according to building legislation. The critical properties of a PCM are the transition temperature, the melting temperature range and the TSC in the operative temperature interval. The critical property of the application is its energy efficiency. The results of the study show that the night cooling system will lower the indoor air temperature during daytime. It also shows that the tested PCM does not have a clear phase change, but an increased specific heat in the operative temperature interval. Increasing the amount of material, used in the application, can compensate this. Finally, the tested PCM is thermally stable and the service life of the product is within the range of the design lives of the building services. It is essential to for all designers to know the performance over time of the properties of PCMs. Therefore it is desirable that standardized testing methods of PCM are established and standardized classification systems of PCMs are developed. / QC 20101020

No description available.

In order to accomplish that a construction is correctly built, it is critical to obtain a well functioning control mechanism throughout the project. The way to enable this is not by having an independent inspector constantly at your side. Today it is praxis to use check lists and have people responsible of quality to make sure that these are followed. This is where discretionary inspections play their part. These among others are documents needed to com-plete the check list. Documented discretionary inspections are based on a control mechanism that allows the entrepreneurs to, in their own organizations, self check the performed task, and by that ensure that the quality of each task is executed in a satisfying way. Due to the fact that most projects today are suffering by lack of time during construction, it is most likely to presume that the discretionary inspections can fall out of the priority, be performed in an unsatisfying way or not be performed at all. However, experience from construction business tells us that calculated energy consumption often differs from the actual, once the building is completed. This anomaly strikes hardest to apartment blocks and therefore we intend to find a connection between poorly executed dis-cretionary inspections and high energy usage. Discretionary inspections are used by most contractors in the construction business to ensure that the work in progress always serves en-vironmental lines of thoughts. During the progress in our writing we have achieved a good insight in routines and how the business works, for good and for bad. The report finishes with a discussion considering the overall concept of discretionary inspections, how to improve them and potential ways of supporting the concept in the future.

No description available.

<p>The use of Phase Change Material, PCM, to change the thermal inertia of lightweight buildings is investigated in the CRAFT project C-TIDE. It is a joint project with Italian and Swedish partners, representing both industry and research. PCMs are materials where the phase change enthalpy can be used for thermal storage. The Swedish application is a night ventilation system where cold night air is used to solidify the PCM. The PCM is melted in the day with warm indoor air and thereby the indoor air is cooled. The system is intended for light weight buildings with an overproduction of heat during daytime. In the thesis, the results of experiments and numerical simulations of the application are presented. The theoretical background in order design the heat exchanger and applying the installation in thermal simulation software is presented. An extensive program is set up, in order to develop test methods and carry tests to evaluate the performance over time of the PCM. Testing procedures are set up according to ISO standards concerning service life testing. The tests are focused on the change over time of the Thermal Storage Capacity (TSC) in different temperature spans. Measurements are carried out on large samples with a water bath calorimeter. The service life estimation of a material is based on the performance of one or more critical properties over time. When the performances of these properties are below the performance requirements, the material has reached its service life. The critical properties of the PCM are evaluated by simulation of the application. The performance requirements of the material are set up according to general requirements of PCM and requirements according to building legislation. The critical properties of a PCM are the transition temperature, the melting temperature range and the TSC in the operative temperature interval. The critical property of the application is its energy efficiency.</p><p>The results of the study show that the night cooling system will lower the indoor air temperature during daytime. It also shows that the tested PCM does not have a clear phase change, but an increased specific heat in the operative temperature interval. Increasing the amount of material, used in the application, can compensate this. Finally, the tested PCM is thermally stable and the service life of the product is within the range of the design lives of the building services. It is essential to for all designers to know the performance over time of the properties of PCMs. Therefore it is desirable that standardized testing methods of PCM are established and standardized classification systems of PCMs are developed.</p>

Grouting is a common method of sealing rock around tunnels to reduce or stop water inflow. Successful grouting significantly minimizes the maintenance cost and safety of the tunnel. Some questions about bleeding and penetrability of the grouts have to be examined more closely to carry out a successful grouting. Bleeding of cement-based grout is a complex problem. Measuring methods used today originate from the measuring of the bleeding of cement pastes used in ordinary building industry. Whether bleeding measured with a standard method is relevant for bleeding in small fractures in rocks is one of the main questions in this study. The aim of the study is to illustrate what really happens with a grout during bleeding and which factors and processes influence it. In this way relevant measuring methods can be developed as well as the knowledge regarding interpretation of the measured results. The study has shown the most important factors which governs bleeding in cement-based grout. It has also shown that the results measured with standard methods are not relevant for bleeding of grout in rock joints and that voids in the joints caused by bleeding could be refilled during grouting itself. An important aspect of grouting is penetration of the grout. The penetration is defined as the length of how far grout penetrates in the rock through fractures from a bore hole. Filtration of the grout is a result of a plug building at fracture constrictions which reduces the penetrability of the grout. This is the other important issue discussed in the study which examines the question whether this can be measured by some measuring method and which factors and processes influence penetrability and filtration. A hypothesis of how the factors w/c ratio, pressure and relative constriction influence penetrability are presented and tested by special constructed measuring equipment. The results obtained by this measuring equipment are compared with the results measured with a penetrability meter. / QC 20100709

Problemet vid ROT-arbete är att många delar av upprustningen kan orsaka tidsfördröjning, vilket är extra känsligt för projekt under stor tidspress. Om det handlar om att återställa en byggnad som inhyser en verksamhet, så arbetas det mot en mycket större tidspress än vid återställande av bostadshus. Förseningar är något som man varken har tid eller råd med. Det gäller att få igång verksamheten så fort som möjligt, dels för att inte ägarna ska förlora inkomst och dels för att försäkringsbolaget vill betala ut rätt försäkringspengar. Examensarbetet visar de viktigaste momenten i både teori och praktik. Det har gjorts en litteraturstudie inom ämnet för att få en bred kunskapsbas. En intervju har också genomförts med en i dag erfaren projektledare, som pekat på de viktigaste arbetsuppgifterna för en projektledare i ett ROT-projekt. Syftet är att finna de faktorer som kan försena ett ROT-projekt och precisera dessa i en checklista för att projektledaren ska kunna upprätta en säkrare tidsplanering. Det är viktigt att projektledaren, trots det pressade tidsschemat, genomför riskhanteringsmetoden vid ROT-arbeten. En planerare som för första gången ska analysera risker med ett ROT-arbete bör gå efter riskhanteringsmallen för att undvika att förbise viktiga riskmoment och hanteringsmetoder. Vissa av projektledarens viktiga åtaganden beskrivs inte i teorin, vilket gör det svårt för en projektledare utan tidigare erfarenhet från yrket. Därför är denna studie användbar, då den belyser både teori och praktik.

<p>The distributioncentral of Stadium has an area of 31,6 acre and is being build in Herstadberg in the region of Norrköping. It is Mattssons Fastighetsutveckling (Mattssons Real-estate development) who also has ordered the building. They will also take care of the operation and support of the distributioncentral. Peab has got the assignment as a total contractor and it is for them I have done my degree project.</p><p>I have been drawing-up a description of the goods in the distributioncenter. In the declaration a description of the goods will be found, there substance for all the materials that has been built in to the building describes. All the descriptions of the goods has been put together in folders. If some of the sustance could be found in Peabs list of liquidate and forbidden materials, that can also been seen in the folders. The project should also result in folders for operation and support for the distributioncenter. In the work I have hade many contacts with contractors, assemblers and suppliers. Everybody has helpt me get hold of all the documents I have needed. When it comes to operation and support, many of the bigger contractors and assamblers will put together there own instructions in folders, and then deliver them to the orderer in connection with the final inspection. The documents from from remaining contractors, assemblers and suppliers will I put together in a folder.</p><p>After this work I have detected that the head of the contract, who has the responsibility for the declaration of goods dont have the time that needs. A person have to be appointed as responsible for the declaration. A full time employed is not needed, at the most a halftime.</p> / Den engelska titeln i uppsatsen (pdf-filen) är felaktig och ska vara "Description of Building Materials used in Stadium´s new Distribution Centre".