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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

CSR och företagsvärde : En kvantitativ studie som mäter om det råder ett samband mellan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) och företagsvärde, utefter mätningar med Corporate Financial Performance (CFP)

Ohanian, Daniel, Sultan, Josef January 2022 (has links)
Sustainable business has become highly sought after today by stakeholders, which explains the importance of CSR for companies. Companies are required to work sustainably in order to legitimize themselves both in the market and society. This can be done by fulfilling and satisfying the economic, environmental and sustainable, as well as the social frameworks that exist in business society. Despite CSR's central role in companies, researchers have differentiated meanings on whether CSR initiatives really improve corporate profitability in terms of financial performance, and whether it has a positive relationship with corporate value. Regarding this, the report examines CSR's relationship to CFP and company value, through the profitability measures ROA and ROE, as well as the valuation measures market value and P/E ratio. A quantitative method has been applied to examine the companies published on Dagens Industri's sustainability index for the year 2021. Dagens Industri's list includes the largest listed companies in the GICS categories on the Swedish stock market exchange. The study uses regression analysis as a choice of statistical analysis method to examine the variables relationships. From the regressions, a small part of the result showed a weak negative relationship between CSR and ROA. The regressions otherwise mainly showed a non-significant relationship between CSR and a company's profitability and value. The variables do not have a significant relationship with each other, and a neutral relationship between them can thus be demonstrated. The existing research gap is therefore still ambiguous, hence the room for further future studies in the field.
52

Small molecule signaling and detection systems in protists and bacteria

Rajamani, Sathish 13 September 2006 (has links)
No description available.
53

Veranschaulichung subzellulärer physikalischer Kräfte biochemischen und mechanischen Ursprungs mittels FRET / Insights into the spatiotemporal regulation of the cellular cytoskeleton through applications of FRET

Mitkovski, Miso 03 November 2005 (has links)
No description available.
54

Approche efficace pour la conception des architectures multiprocesseurs sur puce électronique

Elie, Etienne 12 1900 (has links)
Les systèmes multiprocesseurs sur puce électronique (On-Chip Multiprocessor [OCM]) sont considérés comme les meilleures structures pour occuper l'espace disponible sur les circuits intégrés actuels. Dans nos travaux, nous nous intéressons à un modèle architectural, appelé architecture isométrique de systèmes multiprocesseurs sur puce, qui permet d'évaluer, de prédire et d'optimiser les systèmes OCM en misant sur une organisation efficace des nœuds (processeurs et mémoires), et à des méthodologies qui permettent d'utiliser efficacement ces architectures. Dans la première partie de la thèse, nous nous intéressons à la topologie du modèle et nous proposons une architecture qui permet d'utiliser efficacement et massivement les mémoires sur la puce. Les processeurs et les mémoires sont organisés selon une approche isométrique qui consiste à rapprocher les données des processus plutôt que d'optimiser les transferts entre les processeurs et les mémoires disposés de manière conventionnelle. L'architecture est un modèle maillé en trois dimensions. La disposition des unités sur ce modèle est inspirée de la structure cristalline du chlorure de sodium (NaCl), où chaque processeur peut accéder à six mémoires à la fois et où chaque mémoire peut communiquer avec autant de processeurs à la fois. Dans la deuxième partie de notre travail, nous nous intéressons à une méthodologie de décomposition où le nombre de nœuds du modèle est idéal et peut être déterminé à partir d'une spécification matricielle de l'application qui est traitée par le modèle proposé. Sachant que la performance d'un modèle dépend de la quantité de flot de données échangées entre ses unités, en l'occurrence leur nombre, et notre but étant de garantir une bonne performance de calcul en fonction de l'application traitée, nous proposons de trouver le nombre idéal de processeurs et de mémoires du système à construire. Aussi, considérons-nous la décomposition de la spécification du modèle à construire ou de l'application à traiter en fonction de l'équilibre de charge des unités. Nous proposons ainsi une approche de décomposition sur trois points : la transformation de la spécification ou de l'application en une matrice d'incidence dont les éléments sont les flots de données entre les processus et les données, une nouvelle méthodologie basée sur le problème de la formation des cellules (Cell Formation Problem [CFP]), et un équilibre de charge de processus dans les processeurs et de données dans les mémoires. Dans la troisième partie, toujours dans le souci de concevoir un système efficace et performant, nous nous intéressons à l'affectation des processeurs et des mémoires par une méthodologie en deux étapes. Dans un premier temps, nous affectons des unités aux nœuds du système, considéré ici comme un graphe non orienté, et dans un deuxième temps, nous affectons des valeurs aux arcs de ce graphe. Pour l'affectation, nous proposons une modélisation des applications décomposées en utilisant une approche matricielle et l'utilisation du problème d'affectation quadratique (Quadratic Assignment Problem [QAP]). Pour l'affectation de valeurs aux arcs, nous proposons une approche de perturbation graduelle, afin de chercher la meilleure combinaison du coût de l'affectation, ceci en respectant certains paramètres comme la température, la dissipation de chaleur, la consommation d'énergie et la surface occupée par la puce. Le but ultime de ce travail est de proposer aux architectes de systèmes multiprocesseurs sur puce une méthodologie non traditionnelle et un outil systématique et efficace d'aide à la conception dès la phase de la spécification fonctionnelle du système. / On-Chip Multiprocessor (OCM) systems are considered to be the best structures to occupy the abundant space available on today integrated circuits (IC). In our thesis, we are interested on an architectural model, called Isometric on-Chip Multiprocessor Architecture (ICMA), that optimizes the OCM systems by focusing on an effective organization of cores (processors and memories) and on methodologies that optimize the use of these architectures. In the first part of this work, we study the topology of ICMA and propose an architecture that enables efficient and massive use of on-chip memories. ICMA organizes processors and memories in an isometric structure with the objective to get processed data close to the processors that use them rather than to optimize transfers between processors and memories, arranged in a conventional manner. ICMA is a mesh model in three dimensions. The organization of our architecture is inspired by the crystal structure of sodium chloride (NaCl), where each processor can access six different memories and where each memory can communicate with six processors at once. In the second part of our work, we focus on a methodology of decomposition. This methodology is used to find the optimal number of nodes for a given application or specification. The approach we use is to transform an application or a specification into an incidence matrix, where the entries of this matrix are the interactions between processors and memories as entries. In other words, knowing that the performance of a model depends on the intensity of the data flow exchanged between its units, namely their number, we aim to guarantee a good computing performance by finding the optimal number of processors and memories that are suitable for the application computation. We also consider the load balancing of the units of ICMA during the specification phase of the design. Our proposed decomposition is on three points: the transformation of the specification or application into an incidence matrix, a new methodology based on the Cell Formation Problem (CFP), and load balancing processes in the processors and data in memories. In the third part, we focus on the allocation of processor and memory by a two-step methodology. Initially, we allocate units to the nodes of the system structure, considered here as an undirected graph, and subsequently we assign values to the arcs of this graph. For the assignment, we propose modeling of the decomposed application using a matrix approach and the Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP). For the assignment of the values to the arcs, we propose an approach of gradual changes of these values in order to seek the best combination of cost allocation, this under certain metric constraints such as temperature, heat dissipation, power consumption and surface occupied by the chip. The ultimate goal of this work is to propose a methodology for non-traditional, systematic and effective decision support design tools for multiprocessor system architects, from the phase of functional specification.
55

Approche efficace pour la conception des architectures multiprocesseurs sur puce électronique

Elie, Etienne 12 1900 (has links)
Les systèmes multiprocesseurs sur puce électronique (On-Chip Multiprocessor [OCM]) sont considérés comme les meilleures structures pour occuper l'espace disponible sur les circuits intégrés actuels. Dans nos travaux, nous nous intéressons à un modèle architectural, appelé architecture isométrique de systèmes multiprocesseurs sur puce, qui permet d'évaluer, de prédire et d'optimiser les systèmes OCM en misant sur une organisation efficace des nœuds (processeurs et mémoires), et à des méthodologies qui permettent d'utiliser efficacement ces architectures. Dans la première partie de la thèse, nous nous intéressons à la topologie du modèle et nous proposons une architecture qui permet d'utiliser efficacement et massivement les mémoires sur la puce. Les processeurs et les mémoires sont organisés selon une approche isométrique qui consiste à rapprocher les données des processus plutôt que d'optimiser les transferts entre les processeurs et les mémoires disposés de manière conventionnelle. L'architecture est un modèle maillé en trois dimensions. La disposition des unités sur ce modèle est inspirée de la structure cristalline du chlorure de sodium (NaCl), où chaque processeur peut accéder à six mémoires à la fois et où chaque mémoire peut communiquer avec autant de processeurs à la fois. Dans la deuxième partie de notre travail, nous nous intéressons à une méthodologie de décomposition où le nombre de nœuds du modèle est idéal et peut être déterminé à partir d'une spécification matricielle de l'application qui est traitée par le modèle proposé. Sachant que la performance d'un modèle dépend de la quantité de flot de données échangées entre ses unités, en l'occurrence leur nombre, et notre but étant de garantir une bonne performance de calcul en fonction de l'application traitée, nous proposons de trouver le nombre idéal de processeurs et de mémoires du système à construire. Aussi, considérons-nous la décomposition de la spécification du modèle à construire ou de l'application à traiter en fonction de l'équilibre de charge des unités. Nous proposons ainsi une approche de décomposition sur trois points : la transformation de la spécification ou de l'application en une matrice d'incidence dont les éléments sont les flots de données entre les processus et les données, une nouvelle méthodologie basée sur le problème de la formation des cellules (Cell Formation Problem [CFP]), et un équilibre de charge de processus dans les processeurs et de données dans les mémoires. Dans la troisième partie, toujours dans le souci de concevoir un système efficace et performant, nous nous intéressons à l'affectation des processeurs et des mémoires par une méthodologie en deux étapes. Dans un premier temps, nous affectons des unités aux nœuds du système, considéré ici comme un graphe non orienté, et dans un deuxième temps, nous affectons des valeurs aux arcs de ce graphe. Pour l'affectation, nous proposons une modélisation des applications décomposées en utilisant une approche matricielle et l'utilisation du problème d'affectation quadratique (Quadratic Assignment Problem [QAP]). Pour l'affectation de valeurs aux arcs, nous proposons une approche de perturbation graduelle, afin de chercher la meilleure combinaison du coût de l'affectation, ceci en respectant certains paramètres comme la température, la dissipation de chaleur, la consommation d'énergie et la surface occupée par la puce. Le but ultime de ce travail est de proposer aux architectes de systèmes multiprocesseurs sur puce une méthodologie non traditionnelle et un outil systématique et efficace d'aide à la conception dès la phase de la spécification fonctionnelle du système. / On-Chip Multiprocessor (OCM) systems are considered to be the best structures to occupy the abundant space available on today integrated circuits (IC). In our thesis, we are interested on an architectural model, called Isometric on-Chip Multiprocessor Architecture (ICMA), that optimizes the OCM systems by focusing on an effective organization of cores (processors and memories) and on methodologies that optimize the use of these architectures. In the first part of this work, we study the topology of ICMA and propose an architecture that enables efficient and massive use of on-chip memories. ICMA organizes processors and memories in an isometric structure with the objective to get processed data close to the processors that use them rather than to optimize transfers between processors and memories, arranged in a conventional manner. ICMA is a mesh model in three dimensions. The organization of our architecture is inspired by the crystal structure of sodium chloride (NaCl), where each processor can access six different memories and where each memory can communicate with six processors at once. In the second part of our work, we focus on a methodology of decomposition. This methodology is used to find the optimal number of nodes for a given application or specification. The approach we use is to transform an application or a specification into an incidence matrix, where the entries of this matrix are the interactions between processors and memories as entries. In other words, knowing that the performance of a model depends on the intensity of the data flow exchanged between its units, namely their number, we aim to guarantee a good computing performance by finding the optimal number of processors and memories that are suitable for the application computation. We also consider the load balancing of the units of ICMA during the specification phase of the design. Our proposed decomposition is on three points: the transformation of the specification or application into an incidence matrix, a new methodology based on the Cell Formation Problem (CFP), and load balancing processes in the processors and data in memories. In the third part, we focus on the allocation of processor and memory by a two-step methodology. Initially, we allocate units to the nodes of the system structure, considered here as an undirected graph, and subsequently we assign values to the arcs of this graph. For the assignment, we propose modeling of the decomposed application using a matrix approach and the Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP). For the assignment of the values to the arcs, we propose an approach of gradual changes of these values in order to seek the best combination of cost allocation, this under certain metric constraints such as temperature, heat dissipation, power consumption and surface occupied by the chip. The ultimate goal of this work is to propose a methodology for non-traditional, systematic and effective decision support design tools for multiprocessor system architects, from the phase of functional specification.
56

As percepções de risco sobre investimentos na ótica de leigos e especialistas - uma comparação das percepções de risco de médicos e CFPs sobre investimentos no Brasil

Sanchez Palma, Eduardo 09 January 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Eduardo Sanchez Palma (edsanpa7@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-17T17:31:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 17012017 MPA PALMA.pdf: 6332936 bytes, checksum: 491bc558997174d0785b04d3518b6105 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Fabiana da Silva Segura (fabiana.segura@fgv.br) on 2017-01-17T17:35:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 17012017 MPA PALMA.pdf: 6332936 bytes, checksum: 491bc558997174d0785b04d3518b6105 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-17T17:53:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 17012017 MPA PALMA.pdf: 6332936 bytes, checksum: 491bc558997174d0785b04d3518b6105 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-09 / A maioria dos investidores se vê esmagada por uma vasta quantidade de informações, muitas vezes de natureza abstrata. Além disso, o formato padrão utilizado para comunicar os riscos é, geralmente de difícil compreensão e de pouca ajuda na tomada da decisão de investimento, pois a mencionada padronização, raramente leva em consideração os diferentes níveis de conhecimento dos investidores sobre finanças (Sachse, Jungermann, & Belting, 2012, v. 33, p. 438, tradução nossa). Alinhada a isso, a presente pesquisa utiliza questionário baseado na Teoria do Paradigma Psicométrico, para investigar as percepções de risco entre especialistas e investidores leigos sobre seis produtos financeiros. Baseado no elevado conhecimento sobre investimentos que possuem, os Certified Financial Planners foram escolhidos como grupo de controle para comparar as percepções de risco da categoria profissional melhor remunerada no Brasil, qual seja a dos médicos da Grande São Paulo (IBRE, 2009). Testes t para diferença de médias foram feitos para avaliar as percepções entre gêneros e os cinco construtos de risco, respectivamente, relacionados à volatilidade, ao desconhecimento, a desconfiança, a adversidade e as falhas regulatórias; os testes mostraram que são distintas as percepções de risco entre CFPs e médicos, com resultados muitas vezes contrários aos indicados pela literatura, assim como a maior percepção de risco entre as mulheres somente para os construtos relacionados às falhas regulatórias e desconfiança nos consultores de investimento, instituições financeiras e órgãos reguladores. O estudo mostra, ainda, que estão negativamente correlacionadas as percepções do benefício/retorno com os construtos desconfiança e falhas regulatórias somente entre os médicos, e que há diferenças de percepção importantes para o Tesouro Direto e PGBL/VGBL entre as duas categorias profissionais. Dentre os resultados encontrados destacam-se as diferentes percepções de risco sobre os construtos falhas da regulamentação e desconfiança, sugerindo que iniciativas de educação voltadas ao investidor podem não surtir o efeito esperado em razão de serem patrocinadas exatamente por instituições vistas com suspeição pelos investidores. O estudo conclui atribuindo à comunicação o papel determinante do sucesso na relação com o investidor e a necessidade que ela seja construída a partir das percepções de risco e níveis de familiaridade com investimentos dos consumidores. / Most individual investors may be overwhelmed by this vast amount of information and by its abstract nature. Furthermore, this way of informing about risk might be hardly helpful when making a particular investment decision, because this kind of standardized information neglects different levels of experience and financial literacy of the clients (Sachse, Jungermann, & Belting, 2012, v. 33, p. 438). Aware of this, this research paper will use a questionnaire in Psychometric Paradigm Theory to investigate risk perceptions among specialists and lay investors of six financial products. Certified Financial Planners were selected as the control group to assess how risk perceptions of the best-paid category in Brazil, compounded by physicians in São Paulo Metropolis (IBRE, 2009). T Tests about average differences were taken to assess gender perceptions and the five risk constructors associated with volatility, lack of knowledge, mistrust, adversity and regulatory failures; tests showed that risk perceptions are different between CFPs and physicians, with some results contradicting literature, as well as a greater perception of risks among women only to risk constructs related to regulatory failures and mistrust in investment advisors, financial institutions and regulatory bodies. The study also shows that correlations between benefit/return and constructs distrust and regulatory failures are negative only among physicians, and that there are significant perceptual differences about Tesouro Direto and PGBL/VGBL among the two professional categories. Different risk perceptions about the lack of regulation, as well as distrust, suggest that investor education initiatives may not have the expected effect, since they are sponsored by the same institutions of which investors are suspicious. Finally, the study says consumer perceptions of risk and their level of familiarity with investments are crucial, and attributes to communication the role for determining success in the relationship with investors.

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