Inovação em produção animal tem sido cada vez mais exigido pelos consumidores. No ambito de produção de postura, a maior demanda é por ovos provenientes de sistemas alternativos às gaiolas tradicionais, majoritariamente pelas tendencias observadas na Europa, e dessa forma, pesquisas ressaltando a realidade brasileira estão sendo realizadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar parametros produtivos e de bem-estar em dois contextos de sistemas produtivos, sob variadas densidades de alojamento. Para isso 250 aves Lohmann Brown® foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) com os tratamentos organizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, sendo 2 sistemas de alojamento (convencional e cage-free) e 4 densidades (375,00; 450,00; 562,50 e 750,00 cm2/ave), com 6 repetições. O período experimental foi de 21 a 36 semanas de idade das poedeiras, totalizando 4 ciclos de 28 dias cada. Foram avaliados desempenho produtivo (produção de ovos, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar por kg de ovos), qualidade de ovos (peso, coloração de gema, índice gema, % de gema, % albumen, % casca, espessura e resistência a quebra, e unidade Haugh) e indicadores de bem-estar (frequência respiratória e cardíaca, temperatura clocal, escore de lesão corporal, concentração d eIgY na gema) Observou-se interação entre sistema de produção e densidade de alojamento para: % postura, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar por kg de ovos, peso do ovo, % de gema, % albúmen, espessura de casca. O aumento de densidade promoveu efeito significativo para % postura, consumo de ração, temperatura cloacal, lesão em quilha e em pés. O tipo de sistema de produção afetou consumo de ração, conversão alimentar por kg de ovos, peso do ovo, coloração de gema, índice gema, resistência à quebra, frequência cardíaca temperatura cloacal, lesões de quilha e pés e concentração de IgY na gema. Os resultados deste estudo demonstram que tanto o sistema de produção quanto a densidade de alojamento estão ligados a efeitos produtivos, de qualidade de ovos, e de bem-estar animal. / Innovation in animal production has been increasingly demanded by consumers. In the field of egg production, the greatest demand is for eggs coming from alternative systems to traditional cages, mostly from the trends observed in Europe, and thus, research highlighting the Brazilian reality is being carried out. The objective of this study was to evaluate productive and welfare parameters in two contexts of productive systems, under different stocking densities. For this purpose, 250 Lohmann Brown® birds were distributed in a completely randomized design with treatments arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with 2 housing systems (conventional and cage-free) and 4 densities (375.00; 450.00, 562.50 and 750.00 cm2 / bird), with 6 replicates. The experimental period was 21 to 36 weeks of age, totalling 4 cycles of 28 days each. (Egg weight, feed intake, feed conversion per kg of egg), egg quality (weight, yolk color, yolk index, % yolk,% albumen,% shell, shell thickness and resistance to breakage, and Haugh unit) and indicators of welfare (respiratory rate and heart rate, body temperature, body lesion score, IgY concentration in the yolk). The interaction between production system and housing density was observed for: % laying, feed intake , feed conversion per kg of eggs, egg weight, % yolk, % albumen, shell thickness. The increase in density had a significant effect on % laying, feed intake, cloacal temperature, keel and foot injury. The type of production system affected feed intake, feed conversion per kg of egg, egg weight, yolk color, yolk index, breaking strength, cloacal temperature, keel and foot lesions, and IgY concentration in the yolk. The results of this study demonstrate that both the production system and housing density are linked to productive effects, egg quality, and animal welfare.

The fascinating field of molecular capsules has recently begun to see the creation of structures that, medicated by the encapsulation of guest molecules within their central cavity, are able to change the properties or reactivity of the substrate. The current capsule designs are however, prone to exchange of either part or whole ligands. This exchange or the capsule's subsequent disassembly can lead to loss of the cavity or modification of their external properties, and is a barrier to their more widespread application, a problem this work seeks to address by creating more a robust capsule structure. This thesis presents the design, synthesis and properties displayed by three novel capsules. All the species presented share a similar supramolecular tetrahedral structure, but their properties deviate significantly, showing either switchable behaviour, spin-crossover or a novel synthetic route to a kinetically inert structure. Improvements in the design have led to a final capsule that is water-soluble, robust, non-toxic and has been shown to encapsulate a range of guests. Chapter 1 includes an overview of the types of capsule constructed in literature and their possible application. The fundamental properties of these capsules are identified, with emphasis given to a discussion of mechanisms underlying their encapsulation phenomena. Chapter 2 describes efforts to construct a tetrahedral capsule based on iron(II) and an oxime ligand. While the use of an oxime motif achieved the aim of preventing exchange of the external groups, the capsule also displayed the surprising property of possessing a solvent responsive assembly-disassembly process. This potentially provides a basis for 'on-demand' encapsulation by being able to choose when to have hydrophobic cavity available for guests. Chapter 3 details the synthesis of a tetrahedral capsule containing iron (II) coordinated by a pyridyl-triazole bonding motif. the spin-crossover properties of the complex were initially demonstrated in the solid state, however, when in solution the capsule displayed the unusual ability of spin-crossover mediated structural rearrangement. Chapter 4 demonstrates the synthesis of a robust capsule. The synthetic route shown alleviates the problems surrounding the construction of inert species in a self-assembly process. Based around a cobalt (III) cation, the stability of the capsule to carious conditions is examined and its host-guest chemistry is explored, revealing some insights into the encapsulation behaviour of this structure.

The ideal squirrel cage motor should have a varying rotor resistance; large at standstill, and decreasing as the speed rises. Overseas - designed high impedance rotors try to fulfil these conditions - mostly used are double cage rotors and die cast aluminium rotors. However, in the South African coal-mining industry these rotors recorded high rate failures with heavy financial losses. As a result, the need for an alternative rotor type that was able to comply with basic conditions ignored before appeared on the market: • Higher reliability with extended life expectancy • Lower total ownership costs • Easy re-manufacturing with components available on the market • Specific performance stability at competitive price. Over the years, only two principles were tacitly accepted in designing squirrel cage rotors: 1. For a single cage rotor, in a circumferential direction around the rotor the squirrel cage bars are placed in the same cylindrical shell, with the same shape and same conductivity. 2. For a double cage rotor, the same rule as above applies; however, in the radial direction, the bars have different shapes and typically different conductivities. The Invention is based on a new principle, i.e. "in a circumferential direction around the squirrel cage rotor, squirrel cage bars may have different conductivities and same shapes, or different conductivities and different shapes”. Mixed Conductivity Fabricated Rotors (MCFR) are designed and manufactured based on this new principle, and are able to withstand the harsh South African mining conditions. Since patented, the invention has been materialised in a set of special rotors powering continuous miners of a reputable coal-mining house, which was spending about R5 million annually on replacing specific imported die cast aluminium rotors only. Fully complying with the above-mentioned basic conditions, the patent offers a large variety of technical and economical advantages, increasing mining processes efficiency beyond expectations. The thesis describes the MCFR's design adaptability by altering the rotor design to meet the demands of a specific engineering application as a base line of drives design. The patent is part of the new South African trend of increasing processes efficiency. It offers large possibilities of designing dedicated motors with a positive impact on the South African economy. Some socio-economical advantages are worthy of considerable study: • Being locally manufactured, the MCFR may reduce the country's economical dependence. • Requiring no special expertise, the MCFR can be produced in any quantity and size without excessive investment. • The MCFR offers an alternative option (product interchangeability) on the market as well as sound competition (with export potential). • The patent ensures business sustainability conditions which diffuse financial constraints on motor manufacturers and end-users during the re-capitalisation process (very loaded in South African economic and industrial environment). / Thesis (Ph.D. (Electrical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Rust Belt and Other Stories is a collection of stories exploring characters in the bleak moments when social oppression challenge the perceived meaning of their lives. The disenchantments are influenced by distinctive settings, which set the tone for the stories. Place is an active force shaping the protagonists and adding to the nuance of character relationships, dialogue and philosophical outlooks.

No description available.

As part of a continuing study of the synthesis and chemistry of new, substituted pentacyclo(5.4.0.0²，⁶.0³，¹º.0⁵，⁹)undecanes, the following compounds have been synthesized: 1: X=O, Y=SiMe_3; 2: X=CH_2, Y=SiMe_3; 3: X=O, Y=Cl; 6: X=OAc, Y=H; 8: X=OC(O)Ph, Y=H; 9: X=OSO_2Ph, Y=H; 11: X=OH, Y=H; 12: X=OMe, Y=H; 14: X=CHSiMe_3, Y=SiMe_3; 15: X=OH, Y=Cl; 16: X=OAc, Y=Cl; 17: X=OMe, Y=Cl. An important objective of this work is to prepare new polycyclic cage compounds which can be utilized as intermediates for the synthesis of new, substituted tricyclopentanoid natural products (triquinanes) and related systems. Compounds 1-4 were identified as target molecules in this connection.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-06-12T12:41:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Ferreira Simões.pdf: 8116368 bytes, checksum: 0439c61cff6b118ec6caa1d0492422a2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-12T12:41:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Ferreira Simões.pdf: 8116368 bytes, checksum: 0439c61cff6b118ec6caa1d0492422a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-02 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / In 1988, John Cage invented Anarchy, an experimental-writing book in which he praised the lives of anarchist women and men who had influence his anarchist ethicalaesthetical trajectory from mid-1940s to the 1990s. This influence was explicit until the last of his works, entitled “number pieces” (1987-1990), in which he presented what he called the “anarchical harmony”. During the 1940s, John Cage, by then an already famous artist after his “prepared piano”, started experiencing anarchism as a life practice in contact with artists and militants in the Black Mountain College and with The Living Theatre troupe in New York. In 1952, his piece 4’33” appeared as an anarchist-oriented direct action against the musical representations of sounds and in favour of the incorporation of noises excluded from the concert rooms. The following decades, living alongside artists and anarchists in the country side location of Stonypoint, Cage started publishing ‘how to improve the world (you only make matters worse), a diary kept from 1965 to 1982 in which he engaged with Henry David Thoreau’s writings, and antimilitary and ecological concerns. Although absent of almost all biographies and studies on Cage’s work, the artist experimented the anarchism in a fashion Edson Passetti calls “pathway heterotopies”. Beyond the book Anarchy and other explicit antiauthoritarian works, Cage lively experienced anarchy in the singular way he faced his existence, making out of the everyday life an invention in which he affirmed an otherwise path. According to Foucault, the cynical philosophers valued that notion to distinguish their scandalous lives from the other ones that reify regular values and conventions. This dissertation followed this path by establishing the reverberations between John Cage and the contemporary anarchist attitudes / Em 1988, John Cage inventou Anarchy, livro em que, a partir de escritos experimentais, valorizou as vidas de mulheres e homens anarquistas que marcaram seu percurso ético-estético libertário desde meados dos anos 1940 até a década de 1990, quando em seus últimos trabalhos, “number pieces” (1987-1992), apresentou o que denominou “harmonia anárquica”. Foi a partir da coexistência com artistas e militantes na Black Mountain College, no final da década de 1940, assim como em Nova York com o The Living Theatre (TLT), que o artista já conhecido por seu corajoso “piano preparado” passou a elaborar o anarquismo como prática de vida. “4’33” (1952), ação direta contra a representação musical dos sons e em favor da incorporação dos ruídos excluídos pelas salas de concerto, irrompeu empolgada por essa aproximação libertária. Nas décadas seguintes, vivendo ao lado de artistas e anarquistas, afastado da cidade, em Stonypoint, iniciou a publicação de how to improve the world (you only make matters worse) (1965-1982), diário mantido por mais de quinze anos e no qual apresentou a lida com os escritos de Henry David Thoreau, preocupações antimilitares e ecológicas. Apesar de quase ausente das biografias e estudos sobre o trabalho do artista, John Cage experimentou o anarquismo como o que Edson Passetti definiu heterotopias de percurso. Assim, para além de Anarchy e de obras nitidamente antiautoritárias, o artista realizou a anarquia na maneira própria de levar adiante a existência, fazendo da vida também uma invenção, afirmando um caminho outro, noção valorizada pelos filósofos cínicos, segundo Michel Foucault, para diferenciar o traço de vidas escandalosas daquelas que reiteram convenções e valores usuais. Foi este o caminho que esta tese acompanhou, estabelecendo reverberações de John Cage em atitudes anarquistas contemporâneas

Two issues hindering the clinical application of image-guided transcostal focused ultrasound surgery (FUS) are the organ motion caused by cardiac and respiratory movements and the presence of the ribcage. Intervening ribs absorb and reflect the majority of ultrasound energy excited by an acoustic source, resulting in insufficient energy delivered to the target organs of the liver, kidney, and pancreas. Localized hot spots also exist at the interfaces between the ribs and soft tissue and in highly absorptive regions such as the skin. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of transmitted beam distortion and frequency-dependent rib heating during trans-costal FUS, and to propose potential solutions to reduce the side effects of rib heating and increase ultrasound efficacy. Direct measurements of the transmitted beam propagation were performed on a porcine rib cage phantom, an epoxy rib cage phantom and an acoustic absorber rib cage phantom, in order of their similarities to the human rib cage. Finite element analysis was used to investigate the rib cage geometry, the position of the target tissue relative to the rib cage, and the geometry and operating frequency of the transducer. Of particular importance, frequency-dependent heating at the target and the intervening ribs were estimated along with experimental verification. The ratio of ultrasonic power density at the target and the ribs, the time-varying spatial distribution of temperature, and the ablated focus of each sonication are regarded as key indicators to determine the optimal frequency. Following that, geometric rib-sparing was evaluated by investigating the operation of 2D matrix arrays to optimize focused beam shape and intensity at target. Trans-costal FUS is most useful in treating tumours that are small and near the surface of the abdominal organs, such as the liver, kidney and pancreas. However, for targets deep inside these organs, severe attenuation of acoustic energy occurs, suggesting that pure ultrasound thermal ablation with different heating patterns will have limited effects in improving the treatment efficacy. Results also demonstrate that the optimal ultrasound frequency is around 0.8 MHz for the configurations considered, but that it may shift to higher frequencies with changes in the axial and lateral positions of the tumours. In this work, I aimed to reduce the side effects of rib heating and increase the ultrasound efficacy at the focal point in trans-costal treatment. However, potential advanced techniques need to be explored for further enhanced localized heating in trans-costal FUS.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Electrical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Real-time digital simulation of electrical machines and drives is an efficient approach to evaluate the true behavior of newly designed machines and controllers before applying them in a real system. State-of-the-art real-time digital simulators aim to offer a precise replica for different parts of an electrical drive. By the aid of these powerful simulators and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation, design engineers are able to test their new controllers or machines against a virtual motor drive which has been previously modeled and tested off-line. Interaction between different parts of the electrical drive, especially under hazardous and abnormal conditions, can then be studied in a cost-effective manner. Although many studies about the optimized models of power electronic drives and digital controllers for real-time simulation have been done, the real-time models of electrical machines are still limited to the lumped parameter electric circuit models. This is mainly due to the complexity of a detailed electrical machine model which makes it computationally expensive. In this thesis geometrical real-time permeance network models (PNMs) of induction machines are developed which can accommodate the local phenomena inside an electric machine such as saturation and slotting. For this purpose, numerical methods inside the model are optimized to reduce the computation time. Novel nonlinear solution algorithms are also developed to address the problem of real-time simulation of nonlinear systems. Next, the proposed model is linked with other parts of an electric drive to develop a PNM-based real-time induction motor drive. A comparison of the results obtained through real-time simulation and experiment shows their agreement. / Power Engineering and Power Electronics