Doct.-proefschrift--Wiskunde en natuurwetenschappen--Utrecht, 1985. / Mention parallèle de titre ou de responsabilité : Het @Zoölogisch werk van Petrus Camper, 1722-1789. Bibliogr. p. 178-199. Index. Résumé en néerlandais.

Föreliggande examensarbete behandlar ett alternativt boende i form av camper van. En camper van är en skåpbil som byggs om för att kunna leva eller semestra i. Det finns idag flera olika grupper på sociala medier som diskuterar byggen och reser tillsammans med sina vans, vilket tyder på att intresset för byggandet av desamma är stort. Förslaget för examensarbetet uppkom efter att författaren själv byggde en camper van för att bo i under vintern 2019/2020. De tekniska detaljerna för det specifika bygget finns återgivet som designförslag 1 i rapporten. Ytterligare två designförslag finns att tillgå vilka behandlar en annan typ av inredning samt en skåpbil med mindre volym. De båda senare presenteras i form av layout med förslag kring designval. De tre designförslagen designades i 3D med hjälp av Autodesk Inventor. Arbetet började med den fysiska byggnationen av det första förslaget och avslutades med rapporten, därav fanns grundad information om funktionaliteten på designförslag 1. De två följande förslagen uppnåddes med hjälp av brainstorming samt screening och scoring för att få fram nya idéer. Det första förslaget var tänkt kunna vara ett hållbart boende för en till två personer under ett år i södra Sverige. Designförslag 2 var riktat till två vuxna och ett barn för boende under sommarsemestern. Det sista förslaget riktades mot en person som sporadiskt lever och jobbar i fält. För att samla information om isolering, kondens, konstruktion, värmekälla och elektricitet användes dels sociala medier, främst forum för övergriplig informationshantering. Kunskaper inom hållbarhet, konstruktion, CAD och ellära kunde användas från utbildningen för att bekräfta information samt för att komma med egna förslag. Designförslag 1 som behandlas i rapporten föreslår att hampafiber används till väggar och tak samt XPS-skivor i golvet som isoleringsmaterial. Teoretiskt ger detta en effektförlust på drygt 900 W med användning av 50 mm av vardera material. Pga effektförluster i skarvar valdes en 3 kW dieselvärmare för portabel värme samt ett 2 kW el-element för tillgång till el från det fasta nätet. Med två stycken 100 Ah AGM-batterier klarade camper vanen försörja ett dygnsbehov av el med normal förbrukning av dieselvärmare, laddare, takfläkt, kylskåp och lampor. Laddning av batterierna skedde via bilens generator, fasta elnätet samt 200 W solpaneler. Då examensarbetet främst behandlar teori ska det inte ses som en manual för ett bygge men väl som en inspiration för möjliga lösningar. Avsnittet som behandlar installation av elektricitet ska läsas med extra försiktighet då stora konsekvenser kan fås vid feldimensionering, konsultera alltid en expert. / Following thesis work has a take on alternative living in the form of a camper van. A camper van is a van with the interior rebuilt for the sake of living or vacation. Today there are numerous groups of people gathered on our social platforms where they discuss their builds and travel along with their vans. This indicates a big interest in the common population regarding these tiny moving houses. The proposition for the thesis developed during the build of a camper van for year-round living during the winter of 2019/2020 in Sweden, by the author of the thesis. The technical aspect of that specific build is available as the first design proposition. There are two additional design propositions where one treats the same volume and the other is smaller. The later two propositions are presented only as layouts. All three propositions were designed in 3D using Autodesk Inventor. The work started with the physical build of the first proposition and ended in this report, which made the functionality firmly grounded in the first proposition. The following two propositions were developed with tools such as brainstorming, screening and scoring. That is to be creative and think through each idea. The first proposition was made to support one to two persons in their daily living during one year in the southern parts of Sweden. The second proposition was made for holiday trips with a family of two adults and one child. In the last proposition focus was given on the lonely working person on the field, with an easy, comfortable bed and room for office products. The information regarding isolation, condensation, construction, source of heat and electricity was gathered in forums on social media. Tools from education such as Design For Environment, construction, CAD and electrical principles were used to further and deeper develop an understanding. Proposition 1 that is being treated in the report suggests hemp fiber and XPS as the isolation och choice. The theoretical loss of effect is 902 W using 50 mm of each isolation material. Loss of effect occurs in many other places, hence a 3 kW diesel heater is being used as a portable option and a stationary 2 kW electrical heater when connected to the grid. Two 100 Ah AGM-batteries are being used to power a normal 24 hours usage of heater, fan, chargers, refrigerator and lamps. To charge the batteries the generator of the car, the grid and 200 W solar panels were being used. The thesis work foremost treats theory and is not meant to be used as a manual for a camper van build. It is meant as an inspiration to show possible builds and solutions. Regarding electricity work it is mostly recommended to read the owners manual and always consult experts in the field.

Park and resource management agencies are looking for less costly ways to undertake park visitor surveys. The use of the Internet is often suggested as a way to reduce the costs of these surveys. By itself, however, the use of the Internet for park visitor surveys faces a number of methodological challenges that include the potential for coverage error, sampling difficulties and nonresponse error. A potential way of addressing these challenges is the use of a mixed-mode approach that combines the use of the Internet with another survey mode. The procedures for such a mixed-mode approach, however, have not been fully developed and evaluated. This study develops and evaluates a new mixed-mode approach –a face-to-face/web response – for a provincial park camper survey in British Columbia. The five key steps of this approach are: (a) selecting a random sample of occupied campsites; (b) undertaking a short interview with potential respondents; (c) obtaining an email address at the end of the interview; (d) distributing a postcard to potential respondents that contains the website and an individual access code; and (e) undertaking email follow-ups with nonrespondents. In evaluating this new approach, two experiments were conducted during the summer of 2010. The first experiment was conducted at Goldstream Provincial Park campground and was designed to compare a face-to-face/paper response to face-to-face/web response for several sources of survey errors and costs. The second experiment was conducted at 12 provincial park campgrounds throughout British Columbia and was designed to examine the potential for coverage error and the effect of a number of email follow-ups on return rates, nonresponse error and the substantive results. Taken together, these experiments indicate: a low potential for coverage error (i.e., 4% non-use Internet rate); a high email collection rate for follow-ups (i.e., 99% at Goldstream; a combined rate of 88% for 12 campgrounds); similar return rates between a paper mode (60%) and a web (59%) mode; the use of two email follow-ups reduced nonresponse error for a key variable (i.e., geographic location of residence), but not for all variables; low item nonresponse for both mixed-modes (about 1%); very few differences in the substantive results between each follow-up; a 9% cost saving for the web mode. This study suggests that a face-to face/web approach can provide a viable approach for undertaking park visitor surveys if there is high Internet coverage among park visitors. / Graduate / 0366 / 0344 / 0814 / brdyckfam@yahoo.com

A new nomad society is colonizing the desert landscape of the American Southwest. It is a leaderless seasonal swarm, dispersed but densely connected socially, able to form and disband agile urban communities the size of large American cities. It consists of highway bound leisure hunters driving extremely wasteful vehicles that while parked are able form a dense and resilient pioneer society. They are predominantly retired and constructing a new American dream, an informal utopia created from potlucks, social media, satellite dishes and mobile homes. This frontier society of urban flexibilization, decentralization and total urbanization is a product of the complexity and uncertainties of cities being amplified by technological and social disruption, climate change and economic crises. In a mobile future, informal and temporary uses will be important drivers of development and the urban periphery a breeding ground for new forms of urbanism. How do we govern, plan for and understand this development? The nomad cities are poorly documented and understood, especially in academia. With this thesis I aim to change that. I have conducted extensive field studies, including both quantitative mapping and semi-structured qualitative interviews. The data has been analyzed using a theoretical framework consisting of network theory of Castells, spatial analysis ideas of Lefebvre, Venturi, Friedman, Deleuze and Guattari, and social theories of Bourdieu, Foucault and Standing among others. The basic building block of the nomad city are recreational vehicles (RVs); trailers, motorhomes and camper vans. The RV is in itself a hybrid phenomenon that embodies conflicting ideals of the American society: total freedom of movement, the reinvention of the self on the frontier and the American dream. It is both individualistic and community based, and it’s urban forms are highly adaptable to societal changes, mirroring society’s development as well as the changing landscape it inhabits. It recreates itself and revises its citizens’ common habitus with every iteration. The RV world contains multiple layers of meaning for our increasingly urbanized society. It is a frontier for the expansion of exurbia and a physical manifestations of the network society. It creates small initiatives that create ripple effects and thereby a transformation of the urban fabric. To encourage these practices the role of planning needs to be revised. It should not primarily be to decide what is built but to enable the emerging practices that are there. Instead of presenting a grand plan we should allow a multitude of bottom up processes to lead development. In the words of Cedric Price: “The primary aim of planning is not to specify an ideal state but to open up to new possibilities”.