In the historical tapestry of the development of the Goddess, from 10,000 - 330 BCE one golden thread shines through. Despite the vicissitudes of differing status, she remained essentially the same, namely divine. She was continuously sought in the many mysteries, mystic ideologies and through the manifestations that she inspired. In all the countries of the Ancient Near East, the mother goddess was the life giving creatrix and regenerator of the world and the essence of the generating force that seeds new life. While her name may have altered in the various areas, along with that of her consort/lover/child, the myths and rituals which formed a major force in forming the ancient cultures would become manifest in a consciousness and a spiritual awareness. / Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies / M.A. (Language and Culture)

In the historical tapestry of the development of the Goddess, from 10,000 - 330 BCE one golden thread shines through. Despite the vicissitudes of differing status, she remained essentially the same, namely divine. She was continuously sought in the many mysteries, mystic ideologies and through the manifestations that she inspired. In all the countries of the Ancient Near East, the mother goddess was the life giving creatrix and regenerator of the world and the essence of the generating force that seeds new life. While her name may have altered in the various areas, along with that of her consort/lover/child, the myths and rituals which formed a major force in forming the ancient cultures would become manifest in a consciousness and a spiritual awareness. / Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies / M.A. (Language and Culture)

The topic of this thesis is Canaan dog including dog assistant education. The first part is theoretical and introduces the reader to the Canaan dog breed. The origin of this rare and very old breed is Izrael and first dogs were imported to the Europe and America in 60s of 20th century. The lack of Canaan dogs in Europe causes problems with breeding and transmission of genetic diseases. Especially in the Czech republic there is only few dogs. The teoretical part introduces a transmission of genetic diseases and other diseases. The practical part is focused on a creation of a genealogy of Canaan dogs in the Czech republic. Further I studied inbreeding. In the second part I studied the use of dog in education. The practical part are two education programs, which I created. The first training program is about dogs behaviour, it's also tested in practice and its completed results are part of the appendix. Pupils will learn important information about dogs, how to handle and understand a dog or information about a primitive breed like rare Canaan dog. The second education program is designed for high school students. The program is about inbreeding and includes text and worksheet. Key words: Canaan dog, genetic, heritage, genetic diseases of dogs, inbreeding, animal assistant education.

In the rich diversity of forms of the Christian Church, there are different perspectives on how believers ought to live holy lives and how their sanctification should progress. As such, the piety and sanctification of Christians entail every facet of our lives and the possibility of misunderstanding is ever present, because humans are fallible and at risk to "work" with the Bible in their own fashion. A wrong understanding of sin inevitably leads to error as regards piety. Pietism or mutations /forms thereof may therefore stifle, rather than promote real piety coram Deo, in the Christian faith community and in conducting our everyday lives. The aim of the study is, therefore, to advance genuine piety with Christian believers. The doctrine of successive works of grace and the style or approach in which proponents of the doctrine treat Scripture, were critically examined in the first section of the basis-theory. A hermeneutical position from the reformed perspective was stated. The sovereignty of God and the acknowledged authority of Scripture are both the centre and periphery of the reformed perspective, and from a grammatical-historical paradigm augmented by historical-cultural information, the construct of sin in the understanding of the first New Testament audience was examined. The juxtaposed construct of piety, as the logical opposite of sin, was correspondingly explored. The doctrine of so-called successive works of grace was reviewed analytically in the second phase of the basis-theory and the conclusion was stated that this doctrine is a form of pietism. The usage of Scripture and the terminology utilized by pietistic groupings to establish their doctrine was evaluated from a grammatical-historical point of departure. The aim of the study was to render pastoral assistance to someone who was, or is involved with the successive works of grace variation of pietism. For this reason, the meta-theoretical facet of the study did not focus on an academic study of sources to explain the phenomenon of pietism, but instead believers' experience of the successive works of grace form of pietism was investigated by means of a narrative empirical study. This investigation took place within the margins of the religious experience of three groups of participants in a church that embraces the particular doctrine. The three categories were believers that advocate the doctrine of successive works of grace, believers that abandoned the same and those that disagree with such a doctrine. From the basis-theory and the interpretation of the empirical results, an uncomplicated hermeneutical counselling strategy was put together with due emphasis on the correct understanding of Scriptural information on the topics of sin and piety/sanctification. The aim of the strategy is to educate believers from a Scriptural position and perspective on the indicative-imperative aspects of reconciliation and sanctification in Christ. The perfection of what Jesus has done and our reciprocal faith response is stated and conveyed in the strategy. A model consisting of a number of counselling sessions are suggested to guide believers not to adopt the particular belief or, otherwise, to provide a pastoral, remedial support to assist believers in finding liberation from the doctrine of successive works of grace. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

In the rich diversity of forms of the Christian Church, there are different perspectives on how believers ought to live holy lives and how their sanctification should progress. As such, the piety and sanctification of Christians entail every facet of our lives and the possibility of misunderstanding is ever present, because humans are fallible and at risk to "work" with the Bible in their own fashion. A wrong understanding of sin inevitably leads to error as regards piety. Pietism or mutations /forms thereof may therefore stifle, rather than promote real piety coram Deo, in the Christian faith community and in conducting our everyday lives. The aim of the study is, therefore, to advance genuine piety with Christian believers. The doctrine of successive works of grace and the style or approach in which proponents of the doctrine treat Scripture, were critically examined in the first section of the basis-theory. A hermeneutical position from the reformed perspective was stated. The sovereignty of God and the acknowledged authority of Scripture are both the centre and periphery of the reformed perspective, and from a grammatical-historical paradigm augmented by historical-cultural information, the construct of sin in the understanding of the first New Testament audience was examined. The juxtaposed construct of piety, as the logical opposite of sin, was correspondingly explored. The doctrine of so-called successive works of grace was reviewed analytically in the second phase of the basis-theory and the conclusion was stated that this doctrine is a form of pietism. The usage of Scripture and the terminology utilized by pietistic groupings to establish their doctrine was evaluated from a grammatical-historical point of departure. The aim of the study was to render pastoral assistance to someone who was, or is involved with the successive works of grace variation of pietism. For this reason, the meta-theoretical facet of the study did not focus on an academic study of sources to explain the phenomenon of pietism, but instead believers' experience of the successive works of grace form of pietism was investigated by means of a narrative empirical study. This investigation took place within the margins of the religious experience of three groups of participants in a church that embraces the particular doctrine. The three categories were believers that advocate the doctrine of successive works of grace, believers that abandoned the same and those that disagree with such a doctrine. From the basis-theory and the interpretation of the empirical results, an uncomplicated hermeneutical counselling strategy was put together with due emphasis on the correct understanding of Scriptural information on the topics of sin and piety/sanctification. The aim of the strategy is to educate believers from a Scriptural position and perspective on the indicative-imperative aspects of reconciliation and sanctification in Christ. The perfection of what Jesus has done and our reciprocal faith response is stated and conveyed in the strategy. A model consisting of a number of counselling sessions are suggested to guide believers not to adopt the particular belief or, otherwise, to provide a pastoral, remedial support to assist believers in finding liberation from the doctrine of successive works of grace. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

Dans cette thèse j’examine la production de l'espace public à Canaan, Haïti. Il s’agit d’un établissement auto-urbanisé ayant émergé à la périphérie de Port-au-Prince suite au séisme de 2010, après la déclaration d’utilité publique de la zone pour l’accueil de sinistrés. La disponibilité de cette terre dite « promise » et la présence d’aide humanitaire y ont provoqué l’installation de plus de 250 000 personnes en seulement cinq ans. Alors qu’on le taxe localement de nouveau bidonville, Canaan se présente plutôt comme un vaste morceau de ville en construction. Les habitants y ont construit maisons, commerces, écoles, églises, routes et infrastructures de base, conférant à la localité un visible dynamisme socio-économique. Aussi, de nombreux espaces publics y ont été créés. Il s’agit d’un phénomène étonnant selon la littérature qui signale plutôt sa rareté dans ce type d’établissement humain, pression foncière et contexte de survie y prévalant. Les espaces publics à Canaan offrent donc une opportunité unique de comprendre plusieurs dynamiques spatiales et sociales à l’œuvre dans les établissements populaires/précaires/auto-urbanisés. Optant pour une approche exploratoire et inductive, la méthodologie adoptée est celle de l'étude de cas en raison de la nature révélatrice de Canaan en matière d’espaces publics. J’examine en détail trente d’entre eux à l’aide d’outils variés, incluant : observations, entretiens semi-dirigés, focus groups, parcours commentés, collecte d’artefacts et analyse de plus de 90 documents et rapports techniques. Les résultats démontrent qu’à Canaan les espaces publics sont des ressources plutôt que des lieux récréatifs. Instrumentalisés dans la poursuite des intérêts des acteurs, ils revêtent une valeur utilitaire plutôt que d’usage. Ils servent notamment au combat pour la citoyenneté urbaine que mènent plusieurs leaders locaux, visant la construction d’une ville complète, décente et légitime. Conçues comme « chambres d’invités pour l’État », il s’agit de réserves foncières destinées à l’accueil d’équipements, infrastructures et services publics. Or, d'autres acteurs instrumentalisent ces espaces publics à des fins différentes, créant ainsi un contexte de tensions et de violence. Ces résultats confirment que Canaan représente un territoire en consolidation plutôt qu'un bidonville en déclin. D’un angle théorique, ils signalent qu’à un stade émergent, l’espace public peut y être « autre » que le traditionnel objet matériel à valeur d’usage tel que largement considéré par les architectes et urbanistes. Ceci appelle à un élargissement tant de sa définition que des outils pour le lire. La notion de l’instrumentalisation de l’espace retenue comme lentille à ce titre se révèle fort utile pour comprendre les dynamiques socio-spatiales des établissements populaires/précaires/auto-urbanisés. En outre, la production d’espaces publics se loge à même ce que certains auteurs ont qualifié de « stratégies d’engagement de l’État » dans les luttes à la citoyenneté urbaine. En termes pratiques, les résultats suggèrent qu’il ne faille présumer de la nature de l’espace public dans ces formations urbaines, pouvant revêtir d’autres sens. Les acteurs de l’aide, urbanistes, architectes et autres professionnels de l’aménagement intervenant dans ces habitats gagneraient à s’affranchir du « biais spatial » pour proposer des solutions mieux adaptées à leurs dynamiques propres. / In this thesis I examine the production of public space in Canaan, Haiti. This is a self-urbanized settlement that emerged on the outskirts of Port-au-Prince following the 2010 earthquake, after the area was declared to be for public use to accommodate disaster victims. The availability of this so-called 'promised land' and the presence of humanitarian aid prompted its invasion by over 250,000 people in just five years. While being locally dubbed as a new slum, Canaan is more like a vast piece of city under construction. Residents have built houses, shops, schools, churches, roads and basic infrastructure, giving the locality a visible socio-economic dynamism. Many public spaces have also been created. This is a surprising phenomenon in the light of the literature which points to its rarity and neglect in this type of urban formation, where land pressure and survival agendas prevail. The public spaces in Canaan therefore offer a unique opportunity to understand a number of spatial and social dynamics at work in popular/precarious/self-urbanized settlements. Opting for an exploratory and inductive approach, the methodology adopted is that of a case study because of the revealing nature of Canaan's public spaces. I examined thirty of them in detail using a variety of tools, including observations, semi-directed interviews, focus groups, commented itineraries, artefact collection and analysis of over 90 documents and technical reports. The results show that public spaces in Canaan are resources rather than places for recreation. Instrumentalized in the pursuit of the interests of the actors they federate, they have a utilitarian rather than a use value. In particular, they are used in the struggle for urban citizenship being waged by a number of local leaders, with the aim of building a complete, decent and legitimate city. Conceived as "guest rooms for the State", these are land reserves intended to accommodate public facilities, infrastructure and services. However, other players use these public spaces for different purposes, creating a context of tension and violence. These results confirm that Canaan represents a territory in consolidation rather than a slum in decline. From a theoretical point of view, they indicate that, at an emerging stage, public space can be 'other' than the traditional material object with use value as widely considered by architects and urban planners. This calls for a broadening of both its definition and the tools for reading it. The notion of the instrumentalization of space used as a lens for this purpose is proving extremely useful for understanding the socio-spatial dynamics of popular/precarious/self-urbanized settlements. Moreover, the production of public spaces is embedded in what some authors have described as 'strategies of state engagement' in the struggle for urban citizenship. In practical terms, the results suggest that we should not assume the nature of public space in these urban formations, which may take on other meanings. Aid agencies, urban planners, architects and other planning professionals working in these habitats would do well to free themselves from the 'spatial bias' in order to propose solutions that are better adapted to their own dynamics.

<p>This paper emphasizes the nature of trade relations in the EasternMediterranean in general and from a Levantine inland perspective inparticular. The ‘maritime’ trade relation of the ancient city of Hazor, located in the interior of LB Canaan is a case study investigating the Mycenaean and Cypriot pottery on the site. The influx of these vessels peaked during LB IIA. The distribution and types of this pottery at Hazorpoint to four interested groups that wanted it. These were the royal andreligious elites; the people in Area F; the religious functionaries of theLower City; and the craftsmen of Area C. The abundance of imports inArea F, among other evidence, indicates that this area might havecontained a trading quarter from where the imports were distributed toother interested groups.A model of ‘interregional interaction networks’, which is a modified world systems approach, is used to describe the organization of trade connections between the Levant, Cyprus and the Aegean and even beyond. The contents of the Ulu Burun and Cape Gelidonya ships, wrecked on the coast of south Turkey, show that luxury items were traded from afar through Canaan via the coastal cities overseas to the Aegean.Such long-distance trade with luxury goods requires professional traders familiar with the risks and security measures along the routes and with the knowledge of value systems and languages of diverse societies. These traders established networks along main trade routes and settled in trading quarters in particular node cities. The paper suggests that Hazor, as one of the largest cities in Canaan, located along the main trade routes, possessed such a node position. In this trade the Levantine coastal cities of Sarepta, Abu Hawam,Akko and possibly Tel Nami seem to have played important roles. These main ports of southern Syria and northern Palestine were all accessible to Hazor, although some of them in different periods of LB.</p>

This paper emphasizes the nature of trade relations in the EasternMediterranean in general and from a Levantine inland perspective inparticular. The ‘maritime’ trade relation of the ancient city of Hazor, located in the interior of LB Canaan is a case study investigating the Mycenaean and Cypriot pottery on the site. The influx of these vessels peaked during LB IIA. The distribution and types of this pottery at Hazorpoint to four interested groups that wanted it. These were the royal andreligious elites; the people in Area F; the religious functionaries of theLower City; and the craftsmen of Area C. The abundance of imports inArea F, among other evidence, indicates that this area might havecontained a trading quarter from where the imports were distributed toother interested groups.A model of ‘interregional interaction networks’, which is a modified world systems approach, is used to describe the organization of trade connections between the Levant, Cyprus and the Aegean and even beyond. The contents of the Ulu Burun and Cape Gelidonya ships, wrecked on the coast of south Turkey, show that luxury items were traded from afar through Canaan via the coastal cities overseas to the Aegean.Such long-distance trade with luxury goods requires professional traders familiar with the risks and security measures along the routes and with the knowledge of value systems and languages of diverse societies. These traders established networks along main trade routes and settled in trading quarters in particular node cities. The paper suggests that Hazor, as one of the largest cities in Canaan, located along the main trade routes, possessed such a node position. In this trade the Levantine coastal cities of Sarepta, Abu Hawam,Akko and possibly Tel Nami seem to have played important roles. These main ports of southern Syria and northern Palestine were all accessible to Hazor, although some of them in different periods of LB.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.T.R.P.)-University of Natal, 2002.

Le tremblement de terre survenu le 12 janvier 2010 à Port-au-Prince, Haïti a provoqué le déplacement de milliers d’individus. Aujourd’hui, plus de 250000 habitants, dont la plupart ont été affectés par le séisme, se sont établis à Canaan, un nouvel établissement informel en périphérie de Port-au-Prince. Simultanément au cadre bâti, les habitants ont pris l’initiative de concevoir des espaces publics et de les aménager. Typiquement, la construction d’espaces publics en milieu précaire est reléguée au second plan face aux conditions de vie précaires qui y sévissent. Pourtant, des reportages démontrent que les Cananéens aspirent à faire de ce territoire une « vraie » ville et un milieu de vie sain. Ce projet de recherche exploratoire avance que les aspirations et les références ont un rôle dans le processus de conception des espaces publics à Canaan. Parallèlement, il examine la considération des aspirations et des références dans le projet de réaménagement de certaines places publiques dans le cadre du programme Canaan Upgrading and Community Development, collaboration entre plusieurs ONG. Trois cas de places ont été étudié : Horeb, Astrel et Zanmitay. Cette étude a démontré qu’il n’y a pas de lien direct entre les références en matière d’espace public et le processus de conception. De plus, les aspirations des habitants ne portent pas particulièrement sur les espaces publics, mais bien sur leur milieu de vie. Finalement, la prise en compte des aspirations et références des Cananéens a été limitée lors du projet de réaménagement d’espaces publics par des ONG. / The earthquake that occurred on January 12, 2010, in Port-au-Prince, Haiti caused the displacement of thousands of people. Today, more than 250,000 people, most of whom were affected by the earthquake, have settled in Canaan, a new informal settlement on the outskirts of Port-au-Prince. Simultaneously with the built environment, the inhabitants took the initiative to design and build public spaces. Typically, the construction of public spaces in informal settlements is relegated to the background in the face of precarious living conditions. However, reports show that the Canaanites aspire to make this territory a “real” city and a healthy community. This exploratory research project argues that aspirations and references have a role in the design process of public spaces in Canaan. At the same time, it examines the consideration of aspirations and references in the proposed redevelopment of some public spaces as part of the Canaan Upgrading and Community Development (CUCD) program, a collaboration between several NGOs. Three publics spaces studied are place Horeb, place Astrel and place Zanmitay. This study shows there is no direct link between public space references and the design process. Moreover, the inhabitants’ aspirations are not particularly about public spaces, rather than their environment. Finally, the consideration for Canaanites’ aspirations and references was limited during the CUCD project.