Canola meal (Brassica napus L.) and oriental mustard bran (Brassica juncea) were subjected to alkali and acid pretreatment to expose pentosan, for enhancing further enzymatic hydrolysis by endo-1,4-β-xylanase from Trichoderma longibrachiatum for the production of oligosaccharides. Pretreatment especially with alkali, effectively increased the relative content of pentosan to about ~ 41% and ~ 72%. Alkali pretreated canola meal and mustard bran resulted in a pentose content of 2.28 ± 0.15 g and 3.20 ± 0.11 g per 100 g substrates at 18 h and 24 h of reaction respectively, which corresponded to ~ 26% and ~ 28% conversion of original pentosan in substrates. UPLC-MS data showed xyloglucuronic acid (XGlcA) as the major oligosaccharide in the hydrolyzates. Reversed-phase HPLC-DAD indicated the principal phenolic compound in the hydrolyzates was sinapine. DPPH radical scavenging assay showed that endoxylananse hydrolyzates of acid pretreated substrates had strong antioxidant activities in comparison to alkali pretreated samples.

Experiments were conducted to determine the optimal conditions for tail-end dehulling of canola meal (CM) and the production of high-protein, high-energy and low-fiber CM. The use of sieves from 250-600µm resulted in the production of dehulled fractions 1 and 2 from three different types of CM. On average, and in comparison with their parent meals, the dehulled fractions 1 and 2 contained less dietary fiber (19.4 and 22.9 vs. 27.5%) and more protein (44.5 and 43.1 vs. 40.1%), respectively. Growth performance experiments were conducted with broiler chickens and weaned piglets fed diets containing dehulled CM fractions. In the broiler chicken trial, no significant differences for feed intake, BWG and feed efficiency were observed, indicating that CM and its low-fiber fractions could replace SBM in the broiler pre-starter diets at a lower cost. In the swine experiment, a beneficial effect of dehulling on final body weight and feed efficiency was observed.

Biodiesel has achieved worldwide recognition for many years due to its renewability, lubricating property, and environmental benefits. The abstract represents a summary of all the chapters of the thesis. The research chapters are defined as research phases in the abstract. The thesis starts with an introduction followed by literature review. In the literature review, all the necessary data were collected reviewing the literature. Then an artificial neural network model (ANN) was built based on the published research data to capture the general trends or to make predictions. Both catalyst properties and reaction conditions were trended and predicted using the network model. The review study revealed that esterification and transesterification required catalysts with slightly different properties. In the first phase of the study, biodiesel production using 12-Tungstophosphric acid (TPA) supported on SBA-15 as a solid acid catalyst was studied. In this phase of the study, a large number of 0-35% TPA on SBA-15 catalysts were synthesized by impregnation method and the effects of various operating conditions such as–catalyst wt.% and methanol to oil molar ratio on the transesterification of model feedstock Triolein were studied. A 25% TPA loading was found to be the optimum. A 4.15 wt.% catalysts (based on Triolein) and 39:1 methanol to Triolein molar ratio was found to be the optimum reaction parameter combination, when the reaction temperature was kept fixed at 200C, stirring speed of 600 rpm and 10 h reaction time. The biodiesel yield obtained using this condition was 97.2%. In the second phase of the study, a 12-Tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) was supported by using organic functional group (i.e. 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)) and was incorporated into the SBA-15 structure. A 45 wt.% TPA incorporated SBA-15 produced an ester with biodiesel yield of 97.3 wt.%, when 3 wt.% catalyst (based on the green seed canola (GSC) oil) and 25.8:1 methanol GSC oil molar ratio were used at 2000C for reaction time of 6.2 h. In the third phase, process sustainability (i.e. process economics, process safety, energy efficiency, environmental impact assessment) studies were conducted based on the results obtained in phase three. Based on the study, it was concluded that heterogeneous acid catalyzed process had higher profitability as compared to the homogeneous acid catalyzed process. Additionally, it was obtained that heterogeneous acid catalyzed process was safe, more energy efficient and more environment friendly than homogenous process. In the fourth phase, the catalytic activity of Tungsten oxide (WO3) and TPA supported (by impregnation) on H-Y, H-β and H-ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts were tested for biodiesel production from Green Seed Canola (GSC) oil. In this phase of the study, TPA/H-Y and TPA/H- zeolite were proved to be effective catalysts for esterification and transesterification, respectively. A 55% TPA/H- showed balanced catalytic activity for both esterification and transesterification. It yielded 99.3 wt.% ester, when 3.3 wt.% catalyst (based on GSC oil) and 21.3:1 methanol to GSC oil molar ratio were used at 200C, reaction pressure of 4.14 MPa and reaction time of 6.5 h. Additionally, this catalyst (55% TPA/H-) was experimented for etherification of pure glycerol, and maximum conversion of glycerol (100%) was achieved in 5 h at 120C, 1 MPa, 1:5 molar ratio (glycerol: (tert-butanol) TBA), 2.5% (w/v) catalyst loading. Later, these conditions were used to produce glycerol ether successfully from the glycerol derived after transesterification of green seed canola oil. A mixture of GSC derived biodiesel, and glycerol ether was defined as biofuels. In the fifth phase, catalytic activity of H-Y supported TPA (using different impregnation methods) was studied in details further for esterification of free fatty acid (FFA) of GSC oil. From the optimization study, 97.2% FFA (present in the GSC oil) conversion was achieved using 13.3 wt.% catalyst, 26:1 methanol to FFA molar ratio at 120°C reaction temperature and 7.5 h of reaction time.In the sixth- and final phase, techno-economic and ecological impacts were compared between biodiesel and combined biofuel production processes based on the results obtained in phase four. Based on the study, it was concluded that, biodiesel production process had higher profitability as compared to that for combined biofuel production process. Additionally, biodiesel production process was more energy efficient than combined biofuel production process. However, combined biofuel production process was more environment-friendly as compared to that for biodiesel production process.

Intercropping systems offer potential benefits relative to monocultures of increased crop yields and improved pest control through physical, chemical, or behavioural interference and the enhancement of natural enemy populations, prompting increased predation and parasitism. Intercrops of canola (Brassica napus L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in various proportions were investigated at three sites in Alberta, Canada, in 2005 and 2006, to determine effects on 1) agronomic parameters, including crop grain and biomass yields, crop quality (canola oil and canola and wheat protein), lodging, soil microbial communities, and wheat leaf diseases; 2) pest insects, including flea beetle (Phyllotreta spp.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) damage to seedling canola and root maggot (Delia spp.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) adult collection numbers, egg populations, and canola taproot damage; and 3) beneficial insects, including ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and the predator-parasitoid Aleochara bilineata Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Crop yields were similar in intercrops and monocultures, and benefits of intercropping were observed in enhanced crop quality characteristics in some site-years. Neither soil microorganisms nor wheat leaf diseases generally responded to intercropping regimes. Intercropping did not reduce flea beetle damage to canola seedlings. Flea beetle damage was greatest at the first true-leaf stage of canola development. Although a thiamethoxam seed treatment reduced flea beetle herbivory, untreated plots generally did not sustain greater than 20% damage, suggesting that seed treatments were usually unnecessary. Adult Delia did not respond to intercropping canola with wheat, but egg populations were lower in intercrops on a land area basis. Canola taproot damage was as much as 13% reduced in intercrops compared to monocultures. Carabid beetles appeared to respond to qualities of the intercrops and monocultures, such as ground cover, rather than to the level of vegetational diversity itself, but carabid diversity was enhanced in diverse intercrops compared to canola monocultures in one site-year. Aleochara bilineata adult populations and parasitism rates were favoured in canola monocultures, but a temporal shift in A. bilineata adult collection numbers suggests reduced preference for canola monocultures in early summer. Benefits of canola-wheat intercrops identified in this study do not appear sufficient to recommend these cropping systems for widespread adoption in western Canada. / Plant Science

Orientador: Luiz Caludio Di Stasi / Banca: Samara Eberlin / Banca: Ana Angélica Henrique Fernandes / Resumo: A obesidade é um relevante desafio à saúde publica mundial visto que alcançou proporções pandêmicas como observado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde, estando associada ao aumento no risco de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, complicações cardiovasculares, aterosclerose e dislipidemias. A obesidade ainda não possui cura e é uma doença inflamatória crônica que requer tratamento a longo prazo. Devido ao aumento na incidência mundial da obesidade, aos poucos fármacos disponíveis para tratamento da mesma, os quais possuem efeitos colaterais, a busca por novas alternativas terapêuticas se faz necessária. Considerando que produtos naturais são uma importante estratégia ao tratamento da obesidade selecionamos produtos padronizados das espécies Bidens pilosa L. (picão preto) e Brassica campestris L. (canola) para o presente projeto, cujos objetivos foram a padronização de um modelo de indução da obesidade por dieta hipercalórica e a investigação das ações isoladas e associadas dos produtos acima no tratamento desta doença. A obesidade foi induzida por dieta hipercalórica em dois modelos animais (camundongos e ratos). Após o período de indução os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente nos seguintes grupos experimentais: branco, controle, pair-feeding e animais tratados com B. pilosa, B. campestris e associação entre B. pilosa e B. campestris. O peso corpóreo e a ingesta alimentar foram mensurados em ambos os modelos. Ao término das três semanas de tratamento coletamos amostras do soro para a mensuração de parâmetros bioquímicos. Nos camundongos, mesuramos a proteína C reativa e a leptina. Nos ratos a glicose, leptina, proteína C reativa, β-endorfina, hormônio de crescimento, triacilglicerol, VLDL, LDL, HDL e colesterol total. Além do mais, nos ratos avaliamos parâmetros morfométricos como IMC, índice de Lee, circunferências abdominal e torácica. Após a indução da obesidade, os camundongos apresentaram ... / Abstract: Obesity is a worldwide major public health challenge with pandemic proportions as noted by World Health Organization. This disease is associated with increased risk of type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular complications, atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, neurodegenerative and cancer. There is no cure for obesity and it is a chronic inflammatory disease that requires long term treatment. Since increased estimations of worldwide obesity incidence, few available drugs with serious side effects, new strategies to treat obesity are necessary. Based on this, we selected standard plant products from Bidens pilosa L. (black jack) and Brassica campestris L. (canola). The aims of this study were standardizing a model of obesity induction using a high-fat diet for rodents (rats and mice) and investigate isolated and associated products in the treatment of this disease. Obesity was induced by high-fat diet using two animal models (mice and rats). After the obesity induction period, the obese animals were randomly divided experimental groups: non-obese, control, pair-feeding, B. pilosa, B. campestris and B. pilosa/B. campestris. The body weight and food intake were measured daily in both models in the two experimental steps. At the end of the three weeks of treatment, serum was collected for biochemical assays. In mice, the evaluated parameters were C-reactive protein and leptin. In rats, the evaluated parameters were glucose, leptin, C-reactive protein, β-endorphin, growth hormone, triacylglycerol, VLDL-C, LDL-C, HDL-C and total cholesterol. Moreover, in the rat model, it was possible to measure morphometric parameters such as body mass index, Lee index, thoracic and abdominal circumferences. After obesity induction mice showed a weight gain over 40%, classifying it with severe obesity and rats showed a weight gain of 10%, classifying it with moderated obesity. Mice treated with B. pilosa and B. campestris were not capable to reduce body weight; however ... / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-07T19:13:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000448422-Texto+Completo-0.pdf: 1390544 bytes, checksum: 1cde44a4d57bc7856ed58e4632d43f3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / The pollination service is fundamental to the maintenance of biodiversity, human feeding and production of biofuels. This service is threatened by the need of increasing grain production, which enlarge seeding areas causing the degradation of vegetation and biodiversity loss. Thus, in certain crops the narrow dependence of pollinators is related to the quality of adjacent habitats. Studies point out that there is a decline of pollinators with the increase of the distance to forest fragments, promoting a decrease in productivity. Brassica napus, commonly known as canola, fits this scenario. Therefore, the present work aimed to characterize the assemblage of bees in three classes of habitats and analyze the effect of the distances from forest fragments in the grain production and economic value of Brassica napus (Hyola 420) in southern Brazil. The study was conducted in four agricultural areas with canola, in the town of Esmeralda, RS. The diversity of bees was sampled using pan traps in three classes of habitats: (1) canola field in bloom; (2) forest fragment; and (3) ruderal vegetation. In order to evaluate the production of grains by free visitation of insects at 25 m, 175 m and 325 m from the edge of the forest fragments 11 to 18 plants were harvested in the canola fields. For productivity analysis, the plants were harvested in plots of 225 m2 and extrapolated to one hectare. With the projected incomes it was calculated the total economic loss/field using the difference between the most profitable plot (25 m) and the least profitable one (325 m). It was collected 886 bees belonging to 87 species.Among the families collected, Apidae was the most abundant with 441 individuals, being 254 of the Apis melífera species, followed by Halictidae, Andrenidae, Colletidae and Megachilidae. In the three classes of habitats sampled the greatest number of individuals was collected in the ruderal vegetation (50%) followed by the canola field in bloom (47%) and the forest fragment (3%). Eight species were registered in the three classes of habitats, being four of them of native social bees. Besides, it was observed that the species exclusive to determine habitat class were rare, that is, represented by one or few individuals. Eight species were exclusive to the interior of the canola fields, 51 to the ruderal vegetation and six to the forest fragment. Most rare species exibits subsocial or social behavior, small size and inhabit open áreas. It was observed a significant decrease in the mean number of seeds per silique along the edge-interior gradient in all fields, except in the field four. Thus, the forest fragments presented an importante role in the grain yield, and, consequently in the profit, allowing to infer that there is a loss in the grain productivity along the gradiente, which can be altered in at most 2760 kg/ha, which is equivalent to R$ 113,380. 80. In the projections done for the four fields, it was stimated that if the field were formed only by plots of 325 m from the forest fragment, the economic loss would be of around R$ 350 thousand. Considering that the sampled fauna in the different agricultural environments is distinct and that most species of bees are potential pollinators agents of canola, it is suggested the maintenance of ruderal and forest areas nearby canola fields. This practice can provide resources to the permanence of pollinators in the area, so that they can perform the pollination service raising the grain productivity and the economic value associated to this. / O serviço de polinização é fundamental para a manutenção da biodiversidade, alimentação humana e produção de biocombustíveis. Esse serviço é ameaçado pela necessidade de aumento da produção de grãos, a qual amplia áreas de semeadura provocando a degradação da vegetação e perda da biodiversidade. Assim, em certas culturas a estreita dependência de polinizadores está relacionada à qualidade dos habitats adjacentes. Estudos apontam que há declínio de polinizadores conforme aumenta a distância de remanescentes florestais, promovendo um decréscimo na produtividade. Brassica napus, popularmente conhecida como canola, se enquadra nesse cenário. Dessa maneira, o presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar a assembleia de abelhas em três classes de habitats e analisar o efeito de distâncias de remanescentes florestais na produção de grãos e no valor econômico de Brassica napus (Hyola 420) no Sul do Brasil. O estudo foi conduzido em quatro áreas agrícolas com canola, no município de Esmeralda, RS. A diversidade de abelhas foi amostrada com uso de pan traps em três classes de habitats: (1) lavoura de canola em floração; (2) remanescente florestal e (3) vegetação campestre. A fim de avaliar a produção de grãos com livre visitação de insetos a 25 m, 175 m e 325 m da borda de remanescentes florestais foram colhidas nas lavouras de canola 11 a 18 plantas. Para análise de produtividade, as plantas foram colhidas em parcelas de 225 m2 e extrapoladas para um hectare. Com os rendimentos projetados calculou-se o prejuízo total/lavoura pela diferença entre a parcela mais lucrativa (25 m) e a menos lucrativa (325 m). Foram coletadas 886 abelhas pertencentes a 87 espécies. Dentre as famílias coletadas, Apidae foi a mais abundante com 441 indivíduos, sendo 254 da espécie Apis mellifera, seguida de Halictidae, Andrenidae, Colletidae e Megachilidae.Nas três classes de habitats amostradas o maior número de indivíduos foi coletado na vegetação campestre (50%) seguido do interior da lavoura de canola em floração (47%) e do remanescente florestal (3%). Oito espécies foram registradas nas três classes de habitats, sendo quatro destas de abelhas sociais nativas. Além disso, foi observado que as espécies exclusivas à determinada classe de habitat foram raras, ou seja, representadas por um ou poucos indivíduos. Oito espécies foram exclusivas do interior da lavoura de canola, 51 da vegetação campestre e seis do remanescente florestal. A maioria das espécies raras exibe comportamento subsocial ou solitário, tamanho reduzido e habita locais abertos. Observou-se um decréscimo significativo na média de sementes por síliqua ao longo do gradiente borda-interior em todas as lavouras, exceto na lavoura quatro. Dessa forma, os remanescentes florestais apresentaram um importante papel no rendimento dos grãos, e, consequentemente no lucro, permitindo inferir que há perda na produtividade ao longo do gradiente, podendo se alterar em até 2760 kg/ha, o equivalente a R$ 113. 380,80. Nas projeções realizadas para as quatro lavouras estimou-se que se se a lavoura fosse formada somente parcelas a 325 m do remanescente florestal, o prejuízo teria sido de cerca de R$ 350 mil reais. Considerando-se que a fauna amostrada nos diferentes ambientes agrícolas é distinta e que a maioria das espécies de abelhas se apresenta como potencial agente polinizador para canola sugere-se a manutenção de habitats campestres e florestais nas proximidades das lavouras de canola. Essa prática pode fornecer subsídios para a permanência dos polinizadores na área, para que esses efetuem o serviço de polinização elevando a produção de grãos e o valor econômico associado a esse.

Lysimeter experimental studies were conducted in a greenhouse to investigate canola (Brassica Napus) plant water use, growth and yield parameters under three different water table depths of 30, 60, and 90 cm. Additionally, control experiments were conducted and only irrigation was applied to these lysimeters without water table limitation. Canola plant’s tolerance level to shallow groundwater was determined. Results showed that groundwater contributions to canola plant were 97, 71, and 68%, while the average grain yields of canola were 4.5, 5.3, and 6.3 gr for the treatments of 30, 60, and 90 cm water table depths, respectively. These results demonstrated that 90 cm water table depth is the optimum depth for canola plant to produce high yield with the least amount of water utilization.

Blackleg is a disease of canola and rapeseed cultivars that is caused by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. & de Not., and it is by far the most destructive pathogen of canola in North America. In recent years, blackleg strains belonging to pathogenicity groups (PG) 3 and 4 have been discovered in North Dakota. Recent outbreaks of the disease have added a sense of urgency to characterize the risk these new strains represent for the canola industry and to identify sources of resistance against them. Thus, the objectives of this study were to screen germplasm collections of Brassica rapa, B. napus. and B. juncea for their reaction to PG3 and PG4 and to evaluate the reaction of a sample of currently used canola commercial cultivars grown in North Dakota to PG3 and PG4 as means to estimate the risk these new strains represent. All canola germplasm and commercial cultivars were evaluated in replicated trials in greenhouse conditions using cotyledon bioassays. In 2009 and 2010, the effect of these strains, using five inoculation sequences, on the reaction of canola seedlings was also evaluated. Field trials were not conducted because of the limited geographical distribution of the new strains. No adequate sources of resistance were identified among the 277 B. rapa and 130 B. napus accessions evaluated; however, 22 of the 406 accessions of Brassicajuncea evaluated were considered to have moderate levels of resistance. B. juncea seedlings that survived these inoculations were self-pollinated and their progeny (F1) were also screened. As before, surviving seedlings were self-pollinated. These F2 seeds are the elite materials that could be used in future breeding programs. The complementary study evaluating the role of sequence inoculations in reaction of canola seedlings to blackleg indicated that an increased susceptibility to PG3 occurred when seedlings were first inoculated with PG4; however, reaction to PG4 was not enhanced by a prior inoculation with PG3. All 75 commercial cultivars evaluated were susceptible to PG3 and PG4, indicating that the risk these new strains represent to the canola industry of the region is serious. Further, when a subsample of 16 cultivars were challenged with PG2, they were either resistant or moderately resistant, suggesting the ratings the industry are using relate to reaction of those cultivars to PG2 but not to the new strains; thus, growers should use caution when using these ratings while deciding on which cultivars to plant. / North Dakota State University. Department of Plant Pathology / USDA North Central Canola Research Program / Northern Canola Growers Association

Projeções de crescimento populacional, do aumento do consumo de alimentos e da escassez de terras agricultáveis apontam para a necessidade de intensificar a produção agrícola, a fim de suprir a demanda mundial. O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de cana-de-açúcar, sendo o estado de São Paulo responsável por 56% da produção nacional. Nos mais de 4,5 milhões de hectares no estado, a cultura apresenta período de latência do crescimento. Nesse momento de crescimento lento da cana-de-açúcar a introdução de uma cultura de ciclo anual curto faz-se possível. Com base nessa hipótese, a presente dissertação de mestrado se propôs avaliar o desempenho fitotécnico da consorciação de cana-de-açúcar e canola e, particularmente analisar a capacidade produtiva da oleaginosa em ambiente de clima tropical, quantificar a interação com a radiação fotossinteticamente ativa desses cultivos e avançar no estudo de modelagem da cultura da canola. Para isso, foram conduzidos experimentos a campo, durante três anos agrícolas, delineado em blocos casualizados com 4 repetições e 5 tratamentos: cana-de-açúcar + canola Hyola 61; cana-de-açúcar + canola Hyola 401 ou Hyola 571; cana-de-açúcar monocultivo; canola Hyola 61 monocultivo; canola Hyola 401 ou Hyola 571 monocultivo. Além disso, foi conduzido um experimento adicional de produção de canola irrigada delineado no esquema de blocos casualizados com 4 repetições para a calibração do modelo APSIM-Canola. Medidas meteorológicas, de solo e biométricas foram realizadas para caracterizar os sistemas de produção. Os principais resultados evidenciaram que o sistema de consorciação de cana-de-açúcar e canola foi capaz de intensificar o uso da terra, com produtividade das culturas consorciadas similar às obtidas em monocultivo. O aumento da produção do sistema consorciado ocorreu devido a utilização mais eficiente dos recursos ambientais, principalmente da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa. O modelo APSIM-Canola calibrado demonstrou potencialidade de uso para projetar a expansão agrícola da canola, podendo contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento do zoneamento agroclimático da cultura no Brasil. / Projections of population growth, increased food consumption and scarce agricultural land indicate the need to intensify agricultural production in order to meet the world demand. Brazil is the world\'s largest producer of sugarcane, with São Paulo state accounting for 56% of national production. In the more than 4.5 million hectares in the State, the crop has a latency period of growth. At this time of slow growth of sugarcane, the introduction of a short-season crop is possible. Based on this hypothesis, the present Master\'s thesis aimed to evaluate the phytotechnical performance of sugarcane and canola intercropping and, in particular, to analyze the productive capacity of the oilseed in a tropical climate environment, to quantify the interaction with the photosynthetically active radiation of these crops and to advance in the modeling study of canola. For this, field experiments were conducted during three agricultural years, delineated in randomized complete block with 4 replicates and 5 treatments: sugarcane + Hyola canola 61; canola + canola Hyola 401 or Hyola 571; cane sugar monoculture; canola Hyola 61 monoculture; canola Hyola 401 or Hyola 571 monoculture. In addition to that, it was conducted an experiment of irrigated canola production outlined in randomized complete block design with 4 replications for the calibration of APSIM-Canola model. Meteorological, soil and biometric measurements were performed to characterize the production systems. The main results showed that the sugarcane and canola intercropping system was able to intensify land use, with yields of intercropped crops similar to those obtained in monoculture. The increase in the production of the intercropping system occurs due to the more efficient use of the environmental resources, mainly of photosynthetically active radiation. The calibrated APSIM-Canola model showed potential use to project the agricultural expansion of canola, and can contribute to the improvement of the crop\'s agroclimatic zoning in Brazil.

As dietas ricas em lipídios saturados provocam efeitos deletérios no metabolismo de glicose, secreção de adipocinas e inflamação, entretanto, outros tipos de lipídios podem modular de forma diferenciada tais efeitos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o efeito de diferentes dietas hiperlipídicas no metabolismo de carboidratos, lipídios, no tecido adiposo e no fígado. Camundongos machos C57BL/6 foram divididos em 5 grupos (n=10/grupo): animais que receberam dieta controle (standart chow, SC, 10% de lipídios, grupo controle) e animais que receberam diferentes dietas hiperlipídicas (High-fat, HF, 60% de lipídios): à base de banha de porco (lard, grupo HF-L), à base de óleo de oliva (olive oil, grupo HF-O), à base de óleo de girassol (sunflower oil, grupo HF-S) e à base de óleo de canola (canola oil, grupo HF-Ca).Os animais foram alimentados com as dietas experimentas por 10 semanas. Diariamente a ingestão alimentar era verificada e semanalmente a massa corporal foi aferida. A glicose de jejum e o teste intraperitoneal de tolerância a insulina (TITI) foram realizados uma semana antes da eutanásia. No dia da eutanásia o sangue foi coletado, o tecido adiposo e o fígado dissecados e pesados. A insulina, leptina, adiponectina, resistina, fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF&#945;), interleucina-6 (IL-6), proteína quimiotática de monócitos-1 (MCP-1) e inibidor do ativador de plasminogênio-1 (PAI-1) foram dosadas por ELISA. Com os dados de insulina e glicose foi calculado o índice HOMA-IR. Os animais dos grupos HF-L e HF-O apresentaram os maiores valores de insulina, resistina, leptina e HOMA-IR em comparação aos outros grupos (P < 0,0001). No grupo HF-L, os níveis de IL-6 foram maiores quando comparados com os demais grupos (P < 0,0005), enquanto os valores de adiponectina foram os menores (P < 0,0001). A quantidade de gordura subcutânea e visceral foi maior no grupo HF-L e este grupo apresentou também um aumento no diâmetro dos adipócitos. Entretanto a relação:visceral:subcutânea foi maior nos grupos HF-L e HF-O quando comparado com os demais grupos. Além disso, houve aumento de triglicérides hepáticos e de esteatose hepática nos animais dos grupos HF-L e HF-O. Nossos achados nos permitem concluir que animais que são alimentados com dietas hiperlipídica, a distribuição do tecido adiposo, o metabolismo de carboidratos, acumulo de triglicérides hepáticos e esteatose hepática são mais influenciados pelo tipo de lipídios do que pela quantidade. / Diets rich in saturated fat have a deleterious effect on glucose metabolism, adipokine release and inflammation. However, other lipid sources may modulate these parameters differently. Thus, the aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of high-fat diets from different sources on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, adipose tissue and liver. Male C57BL/6 mice were allocated into 5 groups (n=10/group): standard chow fed mice (SC, 10% lipid, control group), and mice fed with high-fat diets (HF, 60% lipids) as follow: lard (HF-L), olive oil (HF-O), sunflower oil (HF-S), and canola oil (HF-C). Diets were offered for 10 weeks. Food intake was recorded daily and body mass weekly. One week before euthanasia, fasting glucose and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT) were assessed. At euthanasia, blood was collected, and the liver and adipose tissue were weighed. Insulin, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, tumoral necrosis factor alpha (TNF&#945;), interlekin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were measured by an Elisa assay. The HOMA-IR index was calculated based on fasting glucose and insulin. Insulin, resistin, leptin and HOMA-IR were higher in HF-L and HF-O groups compared with the remainder groups (P < 0.0001). IL-6 was higher in the HF-L group compared with the other groups (P < 0.0005), whereas adiponectin levels were the lowest (P < 0.0001). The amount of both subcutaneous and visceral fat depots was the highest in the HF-L group, and they also had increased adipocyte diameter. However, visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio was higher in HF-L and HF-O groups compared with the remainder groups. Additionally, HF-L and HF-O groups showed increased hepatic triglyceride content and steatosis. Our data allow us to conclude that the type of lipid instead of its amount is important for determining adipose tissue distribution, carbohydrate metabolism, hepatic triglyceride accumulation and steatosis in mice fed a high-fat diet.