This research presents advancements in the coupling of capillary electrochromatography (CEC) to mass spectrometry (MS) for the analysis of different chemical classes of surfactants. Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction that summarizes the mechanics and fundamentals of CEC, including instrumentation and applications for CEC-MS. Chapter 2 describes the on-line hyphenation of a packed CEC column with an internally tapered tip coupled to electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) for the analysis of betaine-type amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants (Zwittergent®). The interesting aspects include CEC-MS column manufacture and charaterization, as well as a comparison between the CEC-ACPI-MS and CEC-ESI-MS ionization pattern of zwittergents. In Chapter 3, the CEC-MS of alkyltrimethyl-ammonium ions (ATMA+) with chain length ranging from C1-C18 is optimized using an internally tapered CEC-MS column packed with mixed mode C6/strong cation exchange stationary phase and coupled to an ESI source. In addition, the optimized CEC-ESI-MS protocol is applied for the challenging analysis of commercial sample Arquad S-50 ATMA+ containing cis-trans unsaturated and saturated soyabean fatty acid derivatives. In Chapter 4, a novel CEC-UV method for separation of the various Triton X-100 oligomers is presented. A systematic mobile phase tuning and comparison of monomeric vs. polymeric stationary phases was conducted. In Chapter 5, we present the first application of CEC coupled to MS for analysis of Triton X (TX-) series surfactants. A characterization from the viewpoint of the ion and adduct formation for TX-series nonionic surfactants with a variable number of ethoxy units (n=1.5-16) in the scan mode are first discussed. Next, utilizing the TX-series as model alkylphenolpolyethoxylates (APEOs), a detailed investigation of the chromatographic separation and MS detection are performed followed by analysis of very long chain TX series with n=30-70. In Chapter 6, CEC-MS utilizing full scan positive ion mode of ESI was employed to study the effect of fragmentor voltage on the in-source collision induced dissociation (IS-CID) of several APEO nonionic surfactants. Finally, in Chapter 7, the preparation and characterization of a novel liquid crystalline stationary phase suitable for separation of neutral and charged compounds in packed column CEC is evaluated.

High internal phase emulsion polymers (PolyHIPEs) are new generation materials with their high porosity and interconnected open-cell structures and finds applications in areas such as supports for catalytic systems, separation media and tissue engineering scaffolds. Styrene based PolyHIPEs are currently the most popular choice, but solvent compatibility and poor mechanical properties of these materials prevent their applications. Therefore development of new polyHIPEs with desired mechanical and cellular properties is needed to extend the range of applications. The objective of this thesis was to synthesize new polyHIPEs with different mechanical characteristics changing from ductile to elastomeric. For this purpose, acrylic based polyHIPEs with various cellular structure and mechanical characteristics were developed by using stearyl acrylate (SA), isodecyl acrylate (IDA), isobornyl methacrylate (IBMA) and divinylbenzene (DVB). All materials were highly porous (90%) and had open cellular structure with uniform voids in the range of 5.2-12.9 &amp / #956 / m. The PolyHIPEs produced from the monomers of SA and IDA demonstrated elastomeric property and had high ability of recovery when the applied stress is removed. IBMA based polyHIPEs were ductile and demonstrated higher Young&rsquo / s modulus and compression strength than that of conventional styrene based polyHIPEs. Therefore, by varying the composition, it became possible to alter the mechanical properties of polyHIPEs from ductile to elastomeric, without changing the interconnected cellular structures. One of the prepared IDA based polyHIPE was evaluated as stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography for the first time in literature. The column was very efficient in the separation of alkylbenzenes namely thiourea, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene and butylbenzene with high column efficiency (up to 200.000 plates/m).

No description available.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-01-09T12:20:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 sandropereiraribeiro.pdf: 1843700 bytes, checksum: 116a82b85c5101d893b55d6830abb954 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-01-23T11:18:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 sandropereiraribeiro.pdf: 1843700 bytes, checksum: 116a82b85c5101d893b55d6830abb954 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-23T11:18:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sandropereiraribeiro.pdf: 1843700 bytes, checksum: 116a82b85c5101d893b55d6830abb954 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-06 / No presente trabalho foi proposto a compreensão das variáveis inerentes à criação de infraestrutura adequada para preparação de fase estacionária monolítica (FEM) utilizando colunas capilares de 100 mm de diâmetro interno para aplicação em electroromatografia capilar (CEC). A fim de alcançar a elucidação do processo de funcionalização do monolíto, as FEM foram produzidas por química de sol-gel. Neste caso, a mistura otimizada de reagentes origina o sol que muda de um estado líquido para o estado de gelificação no interior do tubo capilar, resultando em uma superfície polimérica. Dentro deste contexto, foi desenvolvido um dispositivo manual para alta pressão (DMAP) para a inserção do sol nas colunas capilares. O DMAP à vácuo montado foi desenvolvido no Grupo de Química Analítica e Quimiometria (GQAQ) a fim de tornar possível a produção de colunas monolíticas de maneira otimizada e reprodutível. Este dispositivo tornou possível o preenchimento interno da coluna capilar de forma homogênea através do trabalho forçado em movimento, como capilaridade, na qual o sol é introduzido diretamente do frasco ao capilar, evitando o contato do sol com acessórios e dispositivos, como conexões, seringas e agulhas. Como objetivo secundário, estudos para preparação das FEM modificadas por nanopartículas de ouro- AuNps foram realizadas. As AuNps foram sintetizadas através da reação de redução com o citrato de sódio e a passivação com o uso da quitosana. As nanopartículas foram ancoradas na superficie do monolito para melhorar a funcionalização das FEM e possibilitar testes com diversos analitos. Essa reação foi caracterizada por Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão- MET, Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura- MEV, Ultravioleta Visível- UV-Vis. Nesse mesmo tempo foi montado um segundo dispositivo denominado mini-forno para aquecimento radial homogénea do tubo capilar, a fim de atingir a funcionalização adequada. Finalmente, todas as colunas preparadas e funcionalizadas com sucesso foram submetidas a testes de separação de mistura padrão de HPAs. / In the present work the understanding of the inherent variables to establishment of adequate infrastructure to monolithic stationary phase (MSP) preparation using capillary columns at 100 μm of internal diameter to application in capillary electrocromatography (CEC) was proposed. Thus, in order to achieve the elucidation of the monolithic functionalization process, the MSP were produced by sol-gel chemistry. In this case, the optimized mixture of reagents originates the sol which changes from liquid state to the jellification state inside the capillary tube, resulting in a polymeric surface. Within this context, was developed a manual device to high pressure (MDHP) for sol insertion into the capillaries columns. The vacuum MDHP assembled was developed in the Grupo de Química Analítica e Quimiometria (GQAQ) in order to make possible the optimized and reproducible monolithic columns production. This device made possible the internal fill of the capillary column in homogenous way through of forced moving such as capillarity, in which the sol is introduced direct from the vial to the capillary, avoiding the contact of the sol with accessories and devices such as connections, syringes and needles. This procedure avoids air passage into the capillary tube and the contamination of devices and accessories, providing the operation in presence of any type of solution. Thus, the MDHP became possible a significant advance in the understanding of the MSP preparation mediated by sol-gel chemistry and photopolimerization. As a secondary objective, studies to preparation of MSP modified by gold nanoparticles were carried out. In this same time was assembled a second device called mini oven to homogeneous radial heating of the capillary in order to achieves the adequate functionalization. Finally, all columns prepared and functionalized with success were submitted to tests of HPAs standard mixture separation.

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a modern analytical technique, which is electrokinetic separation generated by high voltage and taken place inside the small capillaries. In this dissertation, several advanced capillary electrophoresis methods are presented using different approaches of CE and UV and mass spectrometry are utilized as the detection methods. Capillary electrochromatography (CEC), as one of the CE modes, is a recent developed technique which is a hybrid of capillary electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Capillary electrochromatography exhibits advantages of both techniques. In Chapter 2, monolithic capillary column are fabricated using in situ photoinitiation polymerization method. The column was then applied for the separation of six antidepressant compounds. Meanwhile, a simple chiral separation method is developed and presented in Chapter 3. Beta cycodextrin was utilized to achieve the goal of chiral separation. Not only twelve cathinone analytes were separated, but also isomers of several analytes were enantiomerically separated. To better understand the molecular information on the analytes, the TOF-MS system was coupled with the CE. A sheath liquid and a partial filling technique (PFT) were employed to reduce the contamination of MS ionization source. Accurate molecular information was obtained. It is necessary to propose, develop, and optimize new techniques that are suitable for trace-level analysis of samples in forensic, pharmaceutical, and environmental applications. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was selected for this task, as it requires lower amounts of samples, it simplifies sample preparation, and it has the flexibility to perform separations of neutral and charged molecules as well as enantiomers. Overall, the study demonstrates the versatility of capillary electrophoresis methods in forensic, pharmaceutical, and environmental applications.

L’intérêt grandissant porté au cours de ces dix dernières années aux monolithes organiques pour des applications électroséparatives se justifie en partie par leur préparation aisée au sein de systèmes miniaturisés, le large choix des monomères précurseurs disponibles, ainsi que la possibilité d’ajuster les paramètres structuraux du matériau final par un contrôle judicieux des conditions opératoires. Au cours de ce travail, la synthèse de nouvelles phases monolithiques a été mise au point selon une stratégie en deux étapes. Dans une première étape, la copolymérisation radicalaire photo-initiée du Nacryloxysuccinimide avec le diméthacrylate d’éthylène glycol réalisée en présence de toluène, a permis l’élaboration de monolithes macroporeux réactifs et hautement perméables. La présence d’esters de succinimide dans la structure chimique du monolithe polymère a été mise à profit pour fonctionnaliser la surface du monolithe par des greffons de nature variée par réaction de substitution nucléophile faisant intervenir des dérivés aminés. Le choix judicieux des greffons a permis la mise au point rapide de phases stationnaires présentant des propriétés électrochromatographiques ciblées. Ainsi, le contrôle du caractère hydrophobe des supports obtenus par greffage d’alkylamines de taille variable a été mis en évidence par la séparation de dérivés benzéniques selon un mécanisme à polarité de phase inversée avec de très bonnes efficacités (200000 plateaux par mètre). L’utilisation de phases stationnaires monolithiques greffées par des sélecteurs aromatiques a été proposée comme alternative aux monolithes aliphatiques hydrophobes. La synthèse de monolithes organiques hydrophiles a été possible par la fonctionnalisation du support réactif par des alkyldiamines. La préparation d’une phase stationnaire chirale a été réalisée selon une approche originale de chimie click consistant à immobiliser un dérivé de cyclodextrine. Dans le but d’étendre l’application des monolithes à base de NAS au greffage de biomacromolécules, une nouvelle matrice monolithique incorporant dans sa structure chimique un co-monomère hydrophile a été élaborée. Les résultats préliminaires ont montré que l’augmentation du caractère hydrophile du squelette monolithique permet d’accroître sensiblement la réactivité des esters de Nhydroxysuccinimide en milieu aqueux / The continuously growing interest observed over the past ten years in the field of organic monoliths dedicated to electroseparation applications is mainly due to their easy preparation methods which are also well-suited to the development of miniaturized systems, the wide range of available monomers and the possibility of tuning the structural parameters of the final material by a judicious control of the synthesis conditions. In the present work, the synthesis of new monolithic stationary phases has been developed using a two-stage strategy. In a first step, the photo-initiated free radical copolymerization of Nacryloxysuccinimide with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate was performed in the presence of toluene allowing the preparation of reactive and macroporous monoliths with high permeability properties. The presence of succinimide esters in the chemical structure of the polymer monolith was used to functionalize the surface of the monolith by various grafts through nucleophilic substitution reaction involving amino derivatives. The judicious choice of the grafts permits the fast development of stationary phases with target electrochromatographic properties. Indeed, the tuning of the hydrophobic nature of the monolithic materials was obtained by the grafting of varied alkylamines and was demonstrated by the separation of benzene derivatives by reversed phase mechanism with very good efficiencies (200 000 plates per meter). The use of monolithic stationary phases grafted with aromatic selectors has been proposed as an alternative to the aliphatic-grafted hydrophobic monoliths. The synthesis of organic hydrophilic monoliths was possible by functionalization of the reactive support by alkyldiamines. The preparation of a chiral stationary phase was performed using an original click chemistry approach involving the immobilization of a cyclodextrin derivative. With the aim to extend the application range of NAS-based monoliths to the grafting of biomacromolecules for selective capture and enzymatic digestion applications, a new monolithic matrix incorporating in its chemical structure a hydrophilic comonomer was prepared. Preliminary results showed that the increase in the hydrophilic character of the polymeric skeleton allows increasing significantly the reactivity of N-hydroxysuccinimide esters in aqueous medium

<p>A trend in natural science and especially in analytical chemistry is the increasing need for analysis of a large number of complex samples with low analyte concentrations. Biological samples (urine, blood, plasma, cerebral spinal fluid, tissue etc.) are often suitable for analysis with liquid separation mass spectrometry (LS-MS), resulting in two-way data tables (time vs. m/z). Such biological 'fingerprints' taken for all samples in a study correspond to a large amount of data. Detailed characterization requires a high sampling rate in combination with high mass resolution and wide mass range, which presents a challenge in data handling and exploration. This thesis describes methods for managing and exploring large data sets made up of such detailed 'fingerprints' (represented as data matrices). </p><p>The methods were implemented as scripts and functions in Matlab, a wide-spread environment for matrix manipulations. A single-file structure to hold the imported data facilitated both easy access and fast manipulation. Routines for baseline removal and noise reduction were intended to reduce the amount of data without loosing relevant information. A tool for visualizing and exploring single runs was also included. When comparing two or more 'fingerprints' they usually have to be aligned due to unintended shifts in analyte positions in time and m/z. A PCA-like multivariate method proved to be less sensitive to such shifts, and an ANOVA implementation made it easier to find systematic differences within the data sets.</p><p>The above strategies and methods were applied to complex samples such as plasma, protein digests, and urine. The field of application included urine profiling (paracetamole intake; beverage effects), peptide mapping (different digestion protocols) and search for potential biomarkers (appendicitis diagnosis) . The influence of the experimental factors was visualized by PCA score plots as well as clustering diagrams (dendrograms).</p>

A trend in natural science and especially in analytical chemistry is the increasing need for analysis of a large number of complex samples with low analyte concentrations. Biological samples (urine, blood, plasma, cerebral spinal fluid, tissue etc.) are often suitable for analysis with liquid separation mass spectrometry (LS-MS), resulting in two-way data tables (time vs. m/z). Such biological 'fingerprints' taken for all samples in a study correspond to a large amount of data. Detailed characterization requires a high sampling rate in combination with high mass resolution and wide mass range, which presents a challenge in data handling and exploration. This thesis describes methods for managing and exploring large data sets made up of such detailed 'fingerprints' (represented as data matrices). The methods were implemented as scripts and functions in Matlab, a wide-spread environment for matrix manipulations. A single-file structure to hold the imported data facilitated both easy access and fast manipulation. Routines for baseline removal and noise reduction were intended to reduce the amount of data without loosing relevant information. A tool for visualizing and exploring single runs was also included. When comparing two or more 'fingerprints' they usually have to be aligned due to unintended shifts in analyte positions in time and m/z. A PCA-like multivariate method proved to be less sensitive to such shifts, and an ANOVA implementation made it easier to find systematic differences within the data sets. The above strategies and methods were applied to complex samples such as plasma, protein digests, and urine. The field of application included urine profiling (paracetamole intake; beverage effects), peptide mapping (different digestion protocols) and search for potential biomarkers (appendicitis diagnosis) . The influence of the experimental factors was visualized by PCA score plots as well as clustering diagrams (dendrograms).

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-01-09T14:43:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelmarques.pdf: 2550703 bytes, checksum: 4694887625f47f1d8d4f3dbed5d78f1d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-01-23T11:20:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelmarques.pdf: 2550703 bytes, checksum: 4694887625f47f1d8d4f3dbed5d78f1d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-23T11:20:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelmarques.pdf: 2550703 bytes, checksum: 4694887625f47f1d8d4f3dbed5d78f1d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-29 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta tese de doutorado aborda o preparo, a caracterização e a utilização de fases estacionárias monolíticas para uso em colunas de separação cromatográfica em escala capilar. As fases estacionárias foram preparadas pela polimerização do monômero 3-(metacriloxipropil)-trimetoxisilano em duas etapas envolvendo primeiramente um processo sol-gel e depois um processo de adição radicalar fotoiniciado. A fotopolimerização foi feita in situ em capilares de sílica fundida transparentes à radiação UV com 100 μm de diâmetro interno. As colunas produzidas foram aplicadas qualitativamente com sucesso na separação de cinco hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos e três hormônios esteroides, tanto por cromatografia a líquido capilar quanto por eletrocromatografia capilar em um equipamento de eletroforese capilar. A eletrocromatografia foi usada para analisar quantitativamente uma amostra de emulsão transdérmica contendo estriol e 17-β-estradiol. Como tentativa de melhorar a separação entre alguns analitos, foi feita a modificação do polímero adicionando o monômero benzil metacrilato, porém sem sucesso. As colunas foram caracterizadas com relação à sua homogeneidade física usando um microscópio óptico e um detector condutométrico sem contato capacitivamente acoplado. O detector foi usado como um scanner não invasivo deslocando-se longitudinalmente ao longo da coluna externamente ao capilar. A caracterização química do polímero foi feita através da espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear no estado sólido dos núcleos de 13C e de 29Si. Foi possível propor uma estrutura para o arranjo da cadeia carbônica e o grau de substituição do grupo silil indicando a reticulação das cadeias poliméricas através da formação de dímeros e trímeros condensação de grupos alcoxisilanos. / This doctoral thesis adresses the preparation, characterization and use of monolithic stationary phases for chromatographic separation columns in capillary scale. The stationary phases were prepared by polymerizing the 3- (methacryloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane monomer in two steps involving a sol-gel process followed by a photoinitiated radical addition. The photopolymerization was carried out in UV transparent coating fused silica capillaries with 100 μm of internal diameter. The columns were applied in the qualitative separation of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and three steroid hormones, both by capillary liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography in a capillary electrophoresis equipment. Electrochromatography was used to quantitative analyzis of a transdermal emulsion sample containing estriol and 17-β-estradiol. In an attempt to improve the separation between some analytes, the polymer was modified by adding the benzyl methacrylate monomer, but without success. The columns were characterized with respect to their physical homogeneity using an optical microscope and a capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector. The detector was used as a non-invasive scanner moving longitudinally along the column externally to the capillary. The chemical characterization of the polymer was done by the solid state 13C and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It was possible to propose a carbon chain strucuture and the substitution degree of the silyl group indicating the cross-linking of the polymer chains through the formation of dimers and trimers by condensation of the alkoxysilane groups.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-04-27T12:33:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandoantoniosimasvaz.pdf: 40063052 bytes, checksum: f272ddc4d930b7d243c50223436e02b2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-13T13:00:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandoantoniosimasvaz.pdf: 40063052 bytes, checksum: f272ddc4d930b7d243c50223436e02b2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-13T13:00:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandoantoniosimasvaz.pdf: 40063052 bytes, checksum: f272ddc4d930b7d243c50223436e02b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-22 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Nesta tese é descrita a preparação de novas fases estacionárias monolíticas (FEM) polimerizadas por fotoiniciação, através do método sol-gel, em capilares de sílica fundida revestidos com poliacrilato, para aplicação em eletrocromatografia capilar (ECC). Dentre as principais técnicas de separação em Química Analítica, a ECC tem despertado grande interesse no meio acadêmico, pelo fato desta combinar as vantagens tanto da cromatografia a líquido de alta eficiência quanto da eletroforese capilar. Grande parte do desenvolvimento da ECC se deve ao uso das FEM, as quais são semelhantemente aplicadas em outras técnicas cromatográficas. Ao contrário do revestimento de poliimida, amplamente empregado, o revestimento de poliacrilato, transparente acima de 370 nm e à luz visível, facilita a visualização da solução de sol no interior do capilar, o que permite controlar a injeção desta e de outras soluções, bem como observar a formação in situ da FEM. Além disso, é possível que seja feita a polimerização fotoiniciada sem a necessidade de remoção do revestimento polimérico que protege a coluna. O objetivo central deste trabalho foi entender e aprimorar o processo de fabricação das FEM para aplicações em ECC. Para isso, foram feitas modificações da câmara fotorreatora homemade utilizada para a polimerização das FEM, como uma correção na faixa espectral de trabalho de 350 a 700 nm para 350 a 400 nm; e instalação de dispositivos de segurança tanto para o operador quanto para o sistema elétrico. Para que fosse alcançado um melhor controle de injeção de fases líquidas no interior de tubos com dimensões capilares, a construção de um dispositivo de alta pressurização (DAP) que forneceu, além da pressão, grande precisão foi indispensável. O DAP, além de simples, teve ótima relação custo-benefício, comparado a modelos comerciais. O preparo das FEM foi otimizado mediante auxílio de planejamento fatorial fracionário 24-1, onde se buscou analisar propriedades eletrocromatográficas frente diferentes proporções dos reagentes empregados e tempo de incidência de luz ultravioleta (UV). Este último fator não apresentou significância e foi desconsiderado, de forma que o planejamento fosse devidamente reduzido para um planejamento fatorial completo 23, o que possibilitou uma análise mais apurada dos efeitos significativos. O fator mais influente foi a proporção de porogênio (tolueno), sendo que a melhor condição obtida foi utilizando 80,0 % (v/v) de solução porogênica; 3,5 % (m/m) de fotoiniciador óxido de bis(2,4,6-trimetilbenzoil)-fenilfosfino (Irgacure 819); razão molar água/ metacriloxipropiltrimetoxisilano (MPTMS) igual a 4 e tempo de incidência de luz UV de 10 minutos. As características morfológicas, espectroscópicas e porosidade foram avaliadas através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, infravermelho e porosimetria por adsorção de nitrogênio, respectivamente. As FEM foram testadas em ECC pela separação de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (naftaleno, acenafteno, fluoreno, fenantreno e antraceno) e alquilbenzenos (etilbenzeno, propilbenzeno, butilbenzeno e hexilbenzeno), todos compostos eletricamente neutros, diluídos em metanol (1 mmol L-1 cada), utilizando tiouréia como marcador de fluxo. Como fase móvel foi utilizada a mistura de acetato de amônio 16,7 mmol L-1 pH 7,0 (60 %) e acetonitrila (40 %). A voltagem aplicada foi -20 kV; a temperatura de análise foi 20 ºC; a injeção dos analitos foi -25 mbar por 5 s; e a detecção no UV foram nos comprimentos de onda de 220 nm e 250 nm. Foi utilizado o modo ECC-rápida, que consiste na inversão do sentido de análise e injeção de padrões pela extremidade curta do capilar. Este modo se mostrou muito mais rápido, repetitivo e eficiente do que o modo normal, fornecendo em pouco mais de 12 minutos de análise, mais de 51400 pratos/m de coluna e desvios padrão relativos em tempo de migração/retenção entre 0,09 e 3,3 % e em área de pico relativa entre 0,14 e 1,6 %. Os perfis de separação em ECC corroboraram com os resultados de porosidade e morfologia obtidos. / This thesis describes the preparation of new monolithic stationary phases (MSP) polymerized by photoinitiation through sol-gel approach in polyacrylate-coated fused silica capillary, for application in capillary electrochromatography (CEC). CEC has been concentrated much attention among the major separation techniques in analytical chemistry because it combines the advantages of both high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. Much of the CEC development is due to the use of MSP, which are similarly applied to other chromatographic techniques. Unlike polyimide-coating, widely used, the polyacrylate-coating, which is transparent above 370 nm and visible, enables the visualization of the sol solution within the capillary, allowing one to control the injection of sol and other solutions, in addition to observe the in situ formation of the MSP. Furthermore, it is possible to perform the photoinitiated polymerization without removing this polymeric coating that protects the capillary. The main purpose of this work was to comprehend and improve the fabrication process of MSP, for CEC applications. For this, some changes were set in the homemade photo reactor chamber, used for the MSP polymerization, like correction in the work range from 350 – 700 nm to 350 – 400 nm; and installation of security devices for both operator and electric system safeties. For better control of liquid phases injection within tubes with capillary dimensions, the build of a high-pressure device (HPD) that provides a great precision, in addition to the high-pressure, was essential. HPD is simpler and relatively cheaper when compared to commercial models. The preparation of the MSP has been optimized through assistance of a 24-1 fractional factorial design, with the intention to investigate electrochromatographic properties with different amounts of employed reagents and ultraviolet (UV) light incidence time. The later factor did not show significance and was unconsidered, making the design possible to be reduced to a 23 complete factorial design, which allowed analyzing the significant effects accurately. The most influent factor was the porogen (toluene) proportion, and the best condition was obtained using 80.0 % (v/v) of porogenic solution; 3.5 % of photoinitiator bis(2,4,6 trimetylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphine oxide (Irgacure 819); water to metacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) molar ratio equal to 4 and 10 minutes of UV light incidence time. The MSP morphological, spectroscopic characteristics and porosity were evaluated through scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption porosimetry, respectively. The MSP has been tested in CEC through the separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene and anthracene) and alkylbenzenes (ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, butylbenzene and hexylbenzene), which are electrically neutral compounds, after dilution in methanol (1 mmol L-1 each), using thiourea as the flow marker. As mobile phase a mixture of ammonium acetate 16.7 mmol L-1 at pH 7.0 (60.0 %) and acetonitrile (40.0 %) was used. The applied voltage was -20 kV, the temperature of analysis was 20 °C, the analyte injection was -25 mbar for 5 s, and UV detection was done at 220 and 250 nm. A fast-CEC mode, which consists to reverse the analysis direction and to introduce the analyte by capillary short-end injection, was performed. This mode was much more fast, repetitive and efficient than the normal one, providing in a little more than 12 minutes over than 51400 plates per meter of column and relative standard deviations ranging from 0.09 to 3.3 % for migration/retention time and from 0.14 to 1.6 % for relative peak area. The separation profiles in CEC corroborate with the porosity and morphology results.