No description available.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Francisco, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. / Ajit Yoganathan, Committee Chair ; Thomas Vassiliades, Committee Member ; Joseph Gorman, Committee Member ; Marc Levenston, Committee Member ; John N. Oshinski, Committee Member.

L'intervention coronarienne percutanée (ICP) est réalisée en utilisant l'imagerie radiographique en temps réel dans une suite interventionnelle. La modélisation de ces procédures ICP pour aider le praticien implique la compréhension des différentes phases de la procédure ICP, par la machine d’intervention, qui peut être utilisées pour optimiser la dose de rayons X et l'agent de contraste. Pour atteindre cet objectif, l’une des tâches importantes consiste à segmenter différents outils d’intervention dans les flux d’images fluoroscopiques et à en déduire des informations sémantiques. L’arbre des composants, un puissant outil morphologique mathématique, constitue la base des méthodes de segmentation proposées. Nous présentons ce travail en deux parties: 1) la segmentation du cathéter vide à faible contraste, et 2) la segmentation de la pointe du guide et le suivi de la détection du vaisseau d’intervention. Nous présentons une nouvelle méthode de segmentation basée sur l’espace à plusieurs échelles pour détecter des objets faiblement contrastés comme un cathéter vide. Pour la dernière partie, nous présentons la segmentation de la pointe du guide avec le filtrage basé sur l’arbre de composants et proposons un algorithme pour suivre sémantiquement la pointe segmentée pour déterminer le vaisseau d’intervention / Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is performed using real-time radiographic imaging in an interventional suite. Modeling these ICP procedures to help the practitioner involves understanding the different phases of the ICP procedure, by the interventional machine, which can be used to optimize the X-ray dose and the contrast agent. One of the important tasks in achieving this goal is to segment different interventional tools into the flow of fluoroscopic images and to derive semantic information from them. The component tree, a powerful mathematical morphological tool, forms the basis of the proposed segmentation methods. We present this work in two parts: 1) the segmentation of the low-contrast empty catheter, and 2) the segmentation of the tip of the guide and the monitoring of the detection of the intervention vessel. We present a new multi-scale space-based segmentation method for detecting low-contrast objects such as an empty catheter. For the last part, we present the segmentation of the tip of the guide with filtering based on the component tree and propose an algorithm to semantically follow the segmented tip to determine the intervention vessel

OBJECTIVES: Congenital heart disease or CHD is a condition that affects 8 out of every 1,000 newborns. Every year more than 35,000 newborns are diagnosed with a congenital heart disease in the United States. Neonates and children with congenital heart disease are at increased risk for thrombotic events, especially those with a single ventricle physiology. The objective of this study was to assess the incidence and to identify the predictors of thrombosis in neonates and children with surgical and non-surgical heart diseases. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of the Health Care and Cost Use Project Kid’s Inpatient Database. Neonates and children with a congenital heart disease were identified using the international classification of disease, 9th revision, clinical modification (ICD-9 CM) diagnostic codes, and grouped into two sub-categories of surgical heart and non-surgical heart diseases. These groups were further divided into four types of lesions: septal defects, single ventricle physiology, right ventricle outflow tract obstruction, and left ventricle outflow tract obstruction. Demographic characteristics, the presence of co-morbidities, the incidence of any thrombotic events, mortality rate, and the presence of additional complications such as acute kidney injury, sepsis, neurologic complications, the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or ventricular assist device were also collected using ICD-9 CM codes. After propensity-matched analysis, neonates and children with a surgical congenital heart disease were compared with those with a non-surgical heart disease. We used uni- and multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify the predictors associated with the incidence of thrombotic events in both sub-group. RESULTS: In children with surgical heart disease, the incidence of thrombosis was 3.90%, compared with 2.13% in children with non-surgical heart disease. Furthermore, those with single ventricle physiology (surgical 2.13%; non-surgical 3.41%) or right ventricle outflow tract obstruction (surgical 1.54%; non-surgical 1.66) had the highest incidence of thrombosis. In addition to demographic characteristics (e.g. age) and the type of congenital heart disease, we observed that extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or ventricular assist device(VAD), the presence acute kidney injury, sepsis, and coagulopathy were strong predictors for the development of thrombotic events. CONCLUSIONS: Children with both surgical and non-surgical heart disease have an increased risk for thrombotic events, but those with a single ventricle physiology or a right ventricle outflow tract obstruction had a further increased risk.

Orientador: Simone Biagio Chiacchio / Resumo: A mortalidade durante os períodos pré e pós-natal representa uma perda considerável na espécie equina. A compreensão das alterações cardiovasculares durante prenhez é fundamental para o manejo das fêmeas prenhes e dos fetos. As observações clínicas confirmam que as mudanças ocorrem, embora a natureza exata destas alterações não seja bem evidente na literatura equina. O monitoramento da frequência cardíaca no feto, não só possibilita a verificação da saúde fetal e viabilidade, mas também fornece informações sobre o estágio de desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso autônomo. Desta forma, os objetivos do presente estudo foram descrever o comportamento dos parâmetros eletrocardiográficos (ECG), valores normais da frequência cardíaca (FC) e índices de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) nas éguas e nos neonatos. Para tal, foram utilizadas 10 éguas, de diferentes idades, pertencentes à raça Mini-Horse em todos os meses de gestação (11 meses) e após o parto. As éguas e os potros foram avaliados nos momentos, 24h, 7o, 14o, 21 o, 28 o e 35 o dia após o nascimento. A frequência cardíaca das éguas ao serem avaliadas em conjunto apresentou significância estatística (P<0,05), assim como as amplitudes das ondas S, T negativa e duração do intervalo PR. As amplitudes das ondas P1 e R variaram estaticamente entre os momentos subsequentes durante a gestação. Quanto aos neonatos foram temperatura foram diferentes quando avaliadas em conjunto e entre os momentos. No eletrocardiograma (ECG) ho... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Mortality during the pre and postnatal periods represents a considerable loss in the equine species. The understanding of cardiovascular changes during pregnancy is fundamental for the management of pregnant females and fetuses. Clinical observations confirm that changes occur, although the exact nature of these changes is not very evident in the equine literature. Heart rate monitoring in the fetus not only enables fetal health check and viability, but also provides information on the developmental stage of the autonomic nervous system. The aim of the present study was to describe the behavior of electrocardiographic parameters (ECG), normal heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in mares and neonates. For this, 10 mares, of different ages, belonging to the Mini-Horse breed were used in all gestation months (11 months) and after delivery. The mares and foals were evaluated at the times, 24h, 7o, 14o, 21o, 28o and 35 the day after birth. The mares heart rate when evaluated together showed statistical significance (P <0.05), as well as the amplitudes of the S wave, negative T and PR interval duration. The amplitudes of the P1 and R waves varied statically between the subsequent moments during gestation. As for the neonates were temperature were different when evaluated together and between moments. On the electrocardiogram (ECG) there was a difference in the amplitude of the waves P1 and P2 when evaluated together. The results were not influenced by the changes that ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:04:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 paiva_ptp_dr_sjrp.pdf: 1878177 bytes, checksum: b4fe38adb188f6058a25aaeef28f8e39 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este estudo compara termos médicos com base em palavras-chave em português e seus equivalentes em inglês extraídos de dois subcorpora paralelos de textos nas subáreas médicas de cardiologia e cirurgia cardiovascular. A investigação também observou traços de simplificação e de explicitação apresentados pelos tradutores de cada subárea. Além disso, foram comparados resultados a partir dos textos produzidos pelos dois tradutores deste estudo com os resultados dos textos produzidos por tradutores de outras duas subáreas médicas observados em estudo anterior (Paiva, 2006). Para tanto, foi adotada como fundamentação teórica a proposta dos estudos da tradução baseados em corpus (Baker, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2000; Camargo, 2005, 2007), a metodologia da lingüística de corpus (Berber Sardinha, 2000, 2004; Tognini-Bonelli, 2001) e, em parte, princípios da terminologia (Aubert, 1996; Barros, 2004; Krieger & Finatto, 2004). Para a compilação do corpus de estudo foram utilizados artigos científicos extraídos de revistas brasileiras bilíngües da área médica, e para os corpora comparáveis foram coletados artigos de revistas médicas brasileiras e estrangeiras de renome nas comunidades médicas das respectivas subáreas. A pesquisa contou com o auxílio do programa de análise lexical WordSmith Tools versão 3.0. O levantamento de termos médicos com base em palavras-chave em português para cada subárea permitiu a elaboração de dois glossários com os respectivos termos equivalentes em inglês, acompanhados do seu contexto em ambas as línguas, que foram, em seguida, inseridos em um programa de memórias de tradução. Como a tradutora de cardiologia é falante nativa de língua portuguesa e o tradutor de cirurgia cardiovascular é falante nativo de língua inglesa, também foi possível comparar o uso de estratégias lingüísticas adotadas por parte de cada tradutor. / This study compares medical terms based on keywords in Portuguese and their equivalents in English extracted from two parallel subcorpora of medical journals of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. In this investigation, features of simplification and explicitation were also observed in articles translated by two professional translators in each area. Moreover, the results from these two translators were compared to those from the translators of two other medical areas observed in a previous study (Paiva, 2006). The theoretical approach used was that of corpus-based translation studies (Baker, 1993, 1995,1996, 2000; Camargo, 2005, 2007), the methodology of corpus linguistics (Berber Sardinha, 2000, 2004; Tognini-Bonelli, 2001) and some principles of terminology (Aubert, 1996; Barros, 2004; Krieger and Finatto, 2004). For compiling the parallel subcorpora we used scientific articles from well-known bilingual Brazilian journals, and for the comparable corpora we used international journals in the same medical areas. The software WordSmith Tools, version 3.0 was applied in order to extract medical terms based on keywords in Portuguese for each area. This process led to the compilation of two glossaries containing medical terms in Portuguese, their English equivalents, as well as their contexts in both languages. Both glossaries were inserted into and tested in a program of translation memories. As the translator of Cardiology is a Portuguese native speaker and the translator of Cardiovascular Surgery is an English native speaker, it was also possible to compare some of their strategies.

Orientador: Diva Cardoso de Camargo / Banca: Ieda Maria Alves / Banca: João Azenha Junior / Banca: Nelson Luís Ramos / Banca: Peter James Harris / Resumo: Este estudo compara termos médicos com base em palavras-chave em português e seus equivalentes em inglês extraídos de dois subcorpora paralelos de textos nas subáreas médicas de cardiologia e cirurgia cardiovascular. A investigação também observou traços de simplificação e de explicitação apresentados pelos tradutores de cada subárea. Além disso, foram comparados resultados a partir dos textos produzidos pelos dois tradutores deste estudo com os resultados dos textos produzidos por tradutores de outras duas subáreas médicas observados em estudo anterior (Paiva, 2006). Para tanto, foi adotada como fundamentação teórica a proposta dos estudos da tradução baseados em corpus (Baker, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2000; Camargo, 2005, 2007), a metodologia da lingüística de corpus (Berber Sardinha, 2000, 2004; Tognini-Bonelli, 2001) e, em parte, princípios da terminologia (Aubert, 1996; Barros, 2004; Krieger & Finatto, 2004). Para a compilação do corpus de estudo foram utilizados artigos científicos extraídos de revistas brasileiras bilíngües da área médica, e para os corpora comparáveis foram coletados artigos de revistas médicas brasileiras e estrangeiras de renome nas comunidades médicas das respectivas subáreas. A pesquisa contou com o auxílio do programa de análise lexical WordSmith Tools versão 3.0. O levantamento de termos médicos com base em palavras-chave em português para cada subárea permitiu a elaboração de dois glossários com os respectivos termos equivalentes em inglês, acompanhados do seu contexto em ambas as línguas, que foram, em seguida, inseridos em um programa de memórias de tradução. Como a tradutora de cardiologia é falante nativa de língua portuguesa e o tradutor de cirurgia cardiovascular é falante nativo de língua inglesa, também foi possível comparar o uso de estratégias lingüísticas adotadas por parte de cada tradutor. / Abstract: This study compares medical terms based on keywords in Portuguese and their equivalents in English extracted from two parallel subcorpora of medical journals of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. In this investigation, features of simplification and explicitation were also observed in articles translated by two professional translators in each area. Moreover, the results from these two translators were compared to those from the translators of two other medical areas observed in a previous study (Paiva, 2006). The theoretical approach used was that of corpus-based translation studies (Baker, 1993, 1995,1996, 2000; Camargo, 2005, 2007), the methodology of corpus linguistics (Berber Sardinha, 2000, 2004; Tognini-Bonelli, 2001) and some principles of terminology (Aubert, 1996; Barros, 2004; Krieger and Finatto, 2004). For compiling the parallel subcorpora we used scientific articles from well-known bilingual Brazilian journals, and for the comparable corpora we used international journals in the same medical areas. The software WordSmith Tools, version 3.0 was applied in order to extract medical terms based on keywords in Portuguese for each area. This process led to the compilation of two glossaries containing medical terms in Portuguese, their English equivalents, as well as their contexts in both languages. Both glossaries were inserted into and tested in a program of translation memories. As the translator of Cardiology is a Portuguese native speaker and the translator of Cardiovascular Surgery is an English native speaker, it was also possible to compare some of their strategies. / Doutor

Cette thèse porte sur la sélection d’anticorps humains et la découverte de nouveaux biomarqueurs en vue d’un diagnostic et d’une thérapie de l’athérosclérose. Le premier volet concerne, dans un premier temps, la sélection d’anticorps humains dans un contexte physiopathologique chez un modèle animal de l’athérosclérose. La sélection in vivo a permis de sélectionner des anticorps sur large pannel de cibles dans leur conformation native et sous l’influence de leur microenvironnement. Suite à cela, afin d’accéder à la spécificité des clones, une méthode innovante de criblage a été développée, la cytométrie de flux à moyen débit. Cette technique, contrairement à l’ELISA couramment utilisé pour la caractérisation d’anticorps ou de peptides, ne nécessite pas de connaitre l’antigène et permet également de travailler à des concentrations de protéines moindres. Ainsi, deux cents anticorps ont pu être sélectionnés. Les tests d’affinité et de caractérisation de ces anticorps ont, par la suite, mené à l’identification d’une nouvelle cible de la plaque d’athérome, la galectine 3, protéine impliquée dans l’activation des macrophages ainsi que la rétention des LDL oxydées par ces dernières. Le deuxième volet concerne une seconde approche de criblage in silico des anticorps issus de la sélection in vivo, notamment grâce à l’utilisation de techniques de séquençage haut débit (Pacific Biosciences). Les résultats de cette étude pilote ont permis demettre en exergue plusieurs points : (1) la possibilité d’obtenir des séquences >1000bpcorrespondant à des scFv après analyse par IMGT/HighV-QUEST (database des immunoglobulines internationales) et (2) la possibilité d’identifier des séquences de clones préférentiellement enrichies après une sélection in vivo. En conclusion et perspectives, ces deux méthodes de criblage complémentaires nous donnent accès à de nouvelles voies d’obtention d’anticorps humains pour (1) le couplage à des nanoparticules pour le diagnostic par IRM de la plaque d’athérome ainsi que (2) apporter une thérapie in situ au site inflammatoire. / This thesis is based on the selection of human antibodies and identification of newbiomarkers to develop a diagnosis and a therapy of atherosclerosis. The part one treats, first,the selection of human antibodies in a pathophysiological context in an animal model ofatherosclerosis. To access not only to a large panel of targets but also proteins in their nativeconformation and influenced by their microenvironment, an in vivo selection was performed.In a second time, an innovative high throughput flow cytometry screening was implemented.Contrary to the use of ELISA screening which needs to have an identified target, the flowcytometry doesn’t have this limitation and uses a lower quantity of proteins than ELISAassays. By this screening, two thousand clones were selected. Characterization and specificitytests of these antibodies have yielded to the discovery of galectin 3 has a new biomarker. Thisprotein is implicated in macrophage activation, binding of oxLDL by macrophages to formfoam cells. The second part is about a second screening approach of the antibodies issuingfrom the in vivo selection by using Next Generation Sequencing methods (PacificBiosciences). The results of this primary study allowed for highlighingt two points: (1) thefeasibility to obtain long reads >1000bp identified as scFv after analysis by IMGT/HighVQUEST(international database of immunglobulins) and (2) the feasibility to identify hits ofclones preferentially enriched during the in vivo selection. In conclusion and perspectives,these two complementary methods give the opportunity to obtain human antibodies for (1) thecoupling to nanoparticles for diagnosis by MRI of atheroma plaque and (2) serve as ligandsfor in situ delivery of drugs.