A presente Tese teve como objetivos gerais discutir a questão da crise do aluno com o curso superior na realidade brasileira contemporânea, bem como oferecer subsídios para os atendimentos em orientação profissional e de carreira com foco na crise com o curso universitário. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento do perfil do aluno USP de graduação que procurou o Núcleo de Orientação Profissional da USP para atendimento em OP ou Planejamento de Carreira de 2007 a 2012. Foi realizada: a) a partir dos dados contidos em 115 fichas de inscrição uma análise quantitativa dos alunos triados; e (b) uma análise qualitativa de 58 relatórios de triagem que, como materiais clínicos, foram interpretados de acordo com o referencial teórico e metodológico psicanalítico. 37 motivos de procura pelo NOP-USP foram identificados e classificados em: (A) Motivos relacionados ao processo de escolha inicial; (B) Questões emocionais; (C) Motivos ligados ao curso; (D) Motivos ligados à profissionalização; (E) Motivos ligados ao processo de adaptação do aluno ao curso, à cidade e/ou à rotina universitária; (F) Motivos ligados ao vínculo com a USP; (G) Planejamento de carreira; (H) Razões financeiras; e (I) Não foi possível fechar diagnóstico. A intenção inicial era atribuir um motivo por relatório, mas percebeu-se que, frequentemente, cada relato trazia 1 motivo principal e diversos secundários. Diante disso, os motivos foram classificados em motivo saliente e motivo(s) periférico(s), cujo modelo é da relação figura-fundo da Gestalt. Sintetizando os itens discutidos e classificando as conclusões em duas ordens de fatores relativas aos objetivos gerais da presente Tese, concluiu-se que: (1) Em relação à questão da crise dos alunos com o curso superior na realidade brasileira contemporânea, os motivos de procura são multitemáticos e funcionam conforme saliência e periferia; grande parte dos alunos encontrava-se em crise sob angústia de perda; a dimensão do Trabalho tem centralidade para os alunos; os alunos buscavam integrar sentido a suas carreiras acadêmicas, sendo aventado que na atualidade o ethos social provoca baixa tolerância a formas falso-self de identidade profissional; a autoconstrução social em jovens na atualidade é uma tarefa contraditória devido a determinantes sociais que reforçam a impulsividade e a baixa reflexão; a adaptação universitária é de suma importância para minorar a evasão; o alto rendimento acadêmico tem importante significado narcísico para os alunos da USP e a dificuldade em disciplinas vem a ser muito humilhante, levando-os a questionar a escolha; há aparente congruência entre habitus de alunos da amostra e da USP; houve grande procura de alunos de Humanidades/Ciências Humanas e Sociais e baixa de Licenciaturas; e 2) Em relação à prática profissional da OP com foco na crise com o curso universitário, a continência do psicólogo é fundamental no momento de crise, para devolver ao aluno a esperança de resolução do conflito que levou a ela; a realidade externa pareceu ficar fora do campo de preocupação dos psicólogos nas triagens, e o NOP-USP configura-se, também, como entrada para demandas psicoterápicas. Em suma, a evasão tem um custo pessoal e social altos, especialmente em se tratando da USP, e um centro de carreiras desempenha importante papel de retaguarda e prevenção na crise do estudante universitário / This Thesis had as general objectives to discuss the issue of the crisis with higher education in contemporary Brazilian reality as well as offering support for vocational guidance and career planning focusing university. For this task, a survey was conducted of the student\'s undergraduate USP profile that sought the USP of Vocational Guidance Center for assistance in OP or Career Planning in 2007-2012. Was taken: a) from the data contained in 115 registration forms a quantitative analysis of the studied students; and (b) a qualitative analysis of 58 screening reports that as clinical materials were interpreted according to the theoretical and methodological psychoanalytic. 37 reasons to seek the NOP-USP were identified and classified into: (A) Reasons related to the initial selection process; (B) Emotional issues; (C) connected to the course Reasons; (D) Reasons related to professionalism; (E) Reasons related to the adaptation process of the student to the course, the city and / or the university routine; (F) Reasons linked to bond with the USP; (G) Career Planning; (H) Financial reasons; and (I) Could not close diagnosis. The original intention was to assign a reason for the report, but it was noticed that often each reporting brought one main reason and various side. Therefore, the reasons were classified into salient reason and reason (s) Peripheral (s), with the model of figure-ground relationship of Gestalt. Summarizing the items discussed and classifying the findings in two factors orders on the general objectives of this thesis, it was concluded that: (1) For the issue of students with higher education crisis in contemporary Brazilian reality, looking for reasons are multi-dimensional and work as salient and peripherals, most of the students was in crisis in loss of trouble, the work still has centrality for students, students seek to integrate meaning to their academic careers, social self in young today is a contradictory task, the university adaptation is important to hold the evasion, high yield has important narcissistic meaning for students at USP, no apparent congruence between habitus students and USP, and there was great demand for students of Humanities / Social and Human Sciences and low Undergraduate; and 2) for the professional practice of OP focused on the crisis with the university, the psychologist continence is very important to give the student back the hope that its crisis can be solved. External reality seems to be out of the field of concerns psychologists, and the NOP-USP is also an open door to psychotherapeutic demands. In short, dropout has both personal and social high cost, especially in the case of USP, and a career center plays an important role in rear college student crisis

O trabalhador contemporâneo sofre exigências para alcançar níveis cada vez mais elevados em sua formação e desenvolvimento profissional, segundo o discurso de que isso lhe servirá de garantia para ser bem sucedido. Porém não há mais relação direta entre educação profissional e trabalho, e os compromissos feitos com sua própria carreira parecem ser de curto prazo, tendo implicações inclusive nas formas identitárias do trabalhador. Vive-se sob o reinado das competências, paradigma organizador do mundo do trabalho, que exige do profissional não apenas conhecimentos teóricos e técnicos, definidos como corpo de saberes, mas também a capacidade de mobilizá-los e colocá-los em prática, dependendo da demanda da situação. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a formação do orientador profissional em termos de qualificação e indicadores de competências, sob as perspectivas de formadores e profissionais da área. Foi utilizado um questionário com questões abertas, com pequenas adaptações na redação para que atendesse aos dois grupos de participantes. A análise dos dados se deu por meio da análise de conteúdo de Bardin, sendo as respostas agrupadas em eixos temáticos e categorias, de acordo com a semelhança entre os conteúdos levantados. Os resultados apontam alguns dos saberes teórico-técnicos e indicadores de competências mais valorizados na formação do orientador profissional, tanto por profissionais quanto por formadores. O eixo temático citado como mais importante na formação deste profissional foi o que se refere a conhecimentos teóricos e técnicos, e o menos citado por ambos os grupos foi o tema que trata das competências relacionais com o cliente. Também foram acessadas as definições de competência por parte dos participantes, sendo que a mais amplamente adotada pelos dois grupos foi a que se refere a ter conhecimentos e habilidades que devem ser mobilizados para realizar uma tarefa (saber-fazer). A partir da literatura levantada para a construção deste estudo e dos resultados obtidos, vai-se além da discussão da formação do orientador, abrindo-se também a discussão sobre as implicações que a lógica das competências pode ter sobre suas formas identitárias enquanto profissional. / The contemporany worker experiences the pressure to reach higher levels for formation and professional development, according to the idea that it will guarantee success. However there\"s no more straight connection between professional education and work, and the compromises assumed for his career seem to be for short term, with implications even at worker\"s identity. One live under competencies\"s paradigm, that organizes the world of work and demands from the professional not only theoretical and technical knowledges, defined as body of knowledges, but also the capacity to mobilize them and put them in practice, depending on what the situation demands. The aim of this study is to investigate the career counselor formation in terms of qualification and competencies indicators, according to trainers and professionals of this area. A questionnaire with open questions was used, with some writing adaptations to attend both groups of participants. Data analysis was made through the content analysis of Bardin, with responses grouped into themes and categories, according to the similarity between the contents collected. Results highlights some of the theoretical and technical knowledges and competencies indicators most valued at career counselor formation, both by professionals and trainers. The theme mentioned as most important at this formation was the one that refers to theoretical and technical knowledges, and the least mentioned by both groups was the one about relational competencies between the guider and his client. Competencies definitions were also accessed from the participants, and the most widely adopted by both groups was having knowledgements and skills that must be mobilized to acomplish a task (know-how). Considering reviewed literature that helped to build this study, and also the obtained results, one goes beyond a discussion about career counselor formation, opening the discussion about what competencies logic can imply to the worker identity, as a professional.

M.A. / Career counselling is an activity that influences a wide range of people, from primary school age, to adults in their fifties and sixties. Current writers on the subject, for example Hansen (1997), and Gysbers (1998) are increasingly bringing out the view that career development is a life span issue, and that it affects other life roles. This view should also be seen in conjunction with post-modern approaches to careers and work. These approaches emphasise the rapid technological changes of the 1990's, and the increasing unpredictability and uncertainty in careers. These factors create new and demanding roles for career counsellors, who will have to increase their range of skills. The above factors illustrate the importance of career counselling, and the purpose of this study is to attempt to fill a perceived gap in the literature, and provide more information on the status and standing of career counselling in South Africa as practised by registered psychologists. Questionnaires were issued by mail to a sample of registered psychologists, and their responses form the data for this study. Aspects to be investigated include the training of career counsellors, how long they have been in practice, what tests they use, which counselling methods they follow, and what their opinions are concerning the practice of career counselling in South Africa. A theoretical overview of career counselling models is presented, and an examination of recent trends in career counselling is set forth. A quantitative analysis will provide a more detailed breakdown of the responses of the members of the sample, while a qualitative analysis will list the main themes detailed by the respondents. Projections are undertaken to illustrate possible scenarios concerning the amount of time available for psychologists to provide career counselling for students. The recommendations arising from the study may be summarised as follows. Ensure that career guidance programs be installed in as many schools as possible. Increase the amount of training that career counsellors receive, and examine the possibility of specialisation in career counselling. Attempt to increase the role that businesses play in the career counselling process at schools. Ensure that the needs of minority and disadvantaged groups are met. Implement further research to examine which other groups besides registered psychologists are performing career counselling.

As counselors become aware of the importance of providing culturally sensitive counseling, they can use evaluation and assessment to support client career development (Swanson & Fouad, 2014). For culturally sensitive career assessment, counselors should understand cultural factors, including the values and level of acculturation that may influence the career development process (Byars-Winston, 2014; Leong & Gim-Chung, 1995). To address this issue, this study developed and validated the Career Maturity Inventory: A Korean Form based on the Career Maturity Inventory - Counseling Form C (Savickas & Porfeli, 2011). Using Korean high students, this study validated the Korean version of the Career Maturity Inventory by translating it from English into Korean and then back from Korean into English. The structures of the two versions of the Career Maturity Inventory were comparable. This is meaningful because cross-culturally valid career inventories for adolescents who have different ethnic and cultural backgrounds create opportunities for evaluating career development and supporting career issues.

The literature on multiculturalism and career counseling (Harro, 2010) has extensively documented the role and influence of environments such as school in the perpetuation of behavioral attitudes like discrimination and racism. Indeed, researchers suggested that early racial discrimination experiences in school may lead African Americans to believe that their education will not benefit them because of the many perceived racial barriers associated with professional careers and employment success (O’Hara et. al., 2011). Due to effects of such experiences, African American students are likely take the path of academic underachievement and low participation in higher education. It is, therefore, of great importance that rehabilitation, school, and college counselors understand the effects of racism on the lives of African Americans. More important, the effects of stress related to the potential experiences of racism on the attainment of a vocational or career goal should be understood. Hence, the purpose of this study was to explore whether there is a relationship between race- related stress and the occupational planning and confidence of African American college students in a predominantly White institution. Results of the present study suggest that participants of the present study are on their way of demonstrating elements of self-efficacy (Lent, Brown, &Hackett, 2000), by the fact that the majority of them have already selected a major area of study. This may suggest that the process of career selection is well on its way from career selection to career confidence or implementation. It is noteworthy the number of majors selected and how many of them are in careers of high demand like engineering. Results from the present study also suggest that participants perceive race related stress variables in the domains of cultural and institutional racism, as having a moderate association with their career importance. This may be interpreted as African American students who participated on this study perceive that stress experienced due to issues related to cultural and organizational racism are an important factor that should be considered when choosing a career. Data also suggests that race-related stress does not affect the career confidence of African American students who participated on this study. As a group, participants of this study do not seem prepared to or have made a plan for achieving a career path as indicated by the lower scores and negative correlations in the Career Planning area. This is an important finding and although out of the scope of this study, lack of access to resources like career counseling or guidance may be an indicator or potential explanation for this finding. Although sample size was one of the limitations of this study, future research should try to replicate this study and further explore the potential relationship between experiencing race-related stress and the selection and implementation of a career plan.

Multipotentiality makes career counseling with gifted students difficult. High-flat vocational profiles give the impression that gifted students can develop a wide range of abilities to an equally high level. High-flat vocational profiles may be due to assessments that consider abilities and disregard interests and values, and ceiling effects from the use of age-appropriate, rather than cognitively-appropriate measures. Subjects included 170 gifted students from a residential, early college entrance program (M=15.9 yrs., SD=.361). Subjects completed the Scholastic Aptitude Test, Self-Directed Search, and Study of Values. McNemar's Test of Correlated Proportions shows the proportion of multipotential profiles decreases significantly when cognitively-appropriate measures of interests and values are considered, in addition to abilities. Pearson Chi-square shows no ethnic differences.

The diploma thesis is focused on career counseling, specifically on the methods that are most used in practice in counseling with primary school pupils. The thesis in the theoretical part defines key terms and concepts approaching career counseling in the context of Czech education. It deals with the target groups of career counseling with an emphasis on primary school pupils and the specifics of their difficulties in career choice. The following chapter deals with the basic theories that have fundamentally influenced the development of career counseling and are of considerable importance even today, focused on personality, career development and theories focused on social influences and their impact on career direction. The next sections are devoted to diagnostic tools used in the field of career decision-making, methods of career counseling and introduction to the system of career counseling in the Czech Republic. The aim of the empirical part is to map and describe the procedure for the implementation of career counseling and to specify the most used methods of career counseling in primary schools in Prague.

No description available.

Career counselors in schools have for a long time reported a feeling that their work is not as important as teachers work. According to the Swedish Curriculum for the compulsory schools, all staff is responsible for viable counseling for pupils. Therefore, this study focuses on teachers, headmasters and a school executive director view of school career counseling, how they experience the fulfillment of curriculum goals and how it interferes/interacts with their work. To analyze the empirical material we collected from interviews, we used theoretical terms of organizational theory with focus on social structures, differentiation and integration. We also used the career theory of Super. In the study we found that most teachers and headmasters wished for a more integrated work plan with the school counselors. None of the interviewed thought that the curriculum about career counseling was fulfilled, but thought that more cooperation would increase the fulfillment. At the moment there is too much differentiation between the professions, we believe that starting the cooperation earlier, in University courses for teaching and counseling, could decrease the gap between them.

Undersökningsområdet i detta examensarbete är karriärcoaching och studie- och yrkesvägledning. Inom dessa båda yrken undersöks flera aspekter som exempelvis den historiska bakgrunden, vilka samtalsmetoder som används och på vilket sätt yrkesverksamma vägledare och karriärcoacher arbetar. Likheter och skillnader undersöks också, detta för att få kunskap om huruvida det kan finnas en konkurrens mellan yrkesgrupperna på arbetsmarknaden men också för att uppmärksamma eventuella möjligheter till samarbete. Vi har genomfört en enkätundersökning med 115 studenter på studie- och yrkesvägledarprogrammet vid Malmö högskola samt gjort intervjuer med yrkesverksamma personer inom både vägledning och karriärcoaching. Syftet med enkätundersökningen var att få en uppfattning om hur mycket kunskap som fanns kring karriärcoaching hos dessa studenter och om de önskade få mer kunskap i området. Ambitionen med intervjuundersökningen var att ge en så täckande bild som möjligt av de båda yrkesområdena. Resultatet visar på både skillnader och likheter mellan yrkena och att det finns en möjlig konkurrenssituation men även möjligheter till samarbete.