In response to the challenge of helping clientele function in a productive and personally satisfying fashion, the counseling profession assumed the responsibility for assimilating vocational information. The need. was expressed for integrating fragmented vocational information into more meaningful, psychological and sociological theory. More research pertaining to adults is needed to continue the work on this task. This exploratory and descriptive study's primary objective was to analyze vocational stability, achievement, and job satisfaction variables and their relationships to assessed and inferred personality variables for male college graduates with post college work experience who sought career counseling. Holland's assumption which states that congruency between personality and environment produces stability, achievement, and satisfaction was investigated.

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender as possibilidades de construção e transição de carreira de adultos jovens com cerca de cinco anos de experiência de trabalho a partir das suas narrativas de vida de trabalho e acessar qual a influência dos discursos sociais da atualidade e sua relação com eles. A partir do Construcionismo Social como base epistemológica, e a partir de enfoque qualitativo narrativo, foram realizadas quatro entrevistas abertas com dois enfermeiros e duas profissionais da área da Tecnologia da Informação, de classes sociais distintas e com formações em universidade pública e privada. Foram elaborados quatro retratos de possibilidades de construção de carreira de adultos jovens na contemporaneidade que apontam para a relevância da influência de discursos sociais relativos à instabilidade, à aceleração gerada pelo avanço tecnológico e ao excesso de carga de trabalho. Encontrou-se diferenças na influência de discursos sociais de acordo com a profissão e com a classe social/tipo de universidade cursada. Os achados contribuem para a ampliação da compreensão sobre as possibilidades de construções e transições de carreira contemporâneas considerando as macronarrativas presentes na atualidade e as narrativas dos adultos jovens que as vivenciam. Com isso, buscou-se contribuir para o campo da Psicologia Social e do Trabalho e da Orientação Profissional e de Carreira / The present research aimed to comprehend the possibilities of career constructions and transitions of young adults with five years of working experience, bringing up their own career narratives and reaching social discourses influence and relation with them. Referenced in Social Construcionism as epistemological basis and from narrative qualitative method, four interviews were carried out. The participants were two nurses and two Information Technology workers, from differents social backgrounds, graduated in public and private universities. Four frames of young adults career construction were proposed and point to the relevance of social discourses influence, such as discourses of instability, technologys advance acceleration and heavy working journeys. Differences about social discourses influence among participants of different profession and social backgrounds/ type of university were found showing that this variants matter. The findings contribute to widen comprehension of contemporary possibilities of career construction and transitions considering current macronarratives and young adults narratives. Finally, the study sought to contribute to Work and Social Psychology and to Career Counselings fields

Pesquisas internacionais a respeito da orientação de carreira revelam que se trata de um campo em fase de construção, principalmente se forem consideradas as propostas de atendimento para adultos. Observam-se estudos com nomenclaturas, abordagens teóricas, públicos-alvo e temáticas variadas e que, salvo exceções, não divulgam informações sobre os modelos e procedimentos de atendimento adotados. Por outro lado, no dia a dia de certas empresas, em instituições de ensino e no espaço clínico notam-se inquietações das mais diversas por parte de trabalhadores acerca de sua vivência laboral. Quando se trata de executivos, há consultorias especializadas em coaching e mentoring disponíveis para atendê-los; enquanto no caso de jovens estudantes de certas classes sociais do Ensino Médio, vale a tradicional orientação profissional. Porém, afora esses dois perfis - executivos e estudantes do Ensino Médio -, verifica-se a quase inexistência de um serviço baseado na Psicologia para atender os trabalhadores que desejam repensar suas carreiras, trajetórias laborais e escolhas profissionais. Esta investigação teve o intuito de aperfeiçoar uma proposta de atendimento clínico em orientação de carreira, a partir de diretrizes elaboradas por pesquisadores e integrantes do Serviço de Orientação Profissional do Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo (SOP-IPUSP). Buscou-se compreender a demanda dos participantes em relação à orientação de carreira e as variáveis presentes no campo sociolaboral de suas experiências para poder construir formas de intervenção que pudessem atender a seus desejos. O método adotado foi a pesquisa de intervenção, na qual foi colocada em prática uma forma de atender em orientação de carreira para três trabalhadores não-executivos adultos com, no mínimo, cinco anos de experiência profissional e que procuraram espontaneamente o SOP-IPUSP, visando testar e consolidar a prática em questão. Elementos do referencial psicanalítico nortearam a análise e a condução dos trabalhos. Os principais resultados apontaram que a narrativa funciona como guia da orientação de carreira, a partir da qual se planejam e organizam as intervenções do psicólogo e todas as atividades. Consolidou-se o desenho de dois momentos da orientação, a investigação conjunta e o projeto desejante e que constituem a proposta psicossocial em questão, integrando as dimensões subjetivas do projeto de vida com as dimensões objetivas de um plano de ação, o que denota a necessidade de uma proposta intervenção que articule e trabalhe com estas duas dimensões de forma conjunta para atender as demandas de adultos em orientação de carreira. As diretrizes dos atendimentos e pesquisas do SOP-IPUSP foram explicitadas e ampliadas e ressaltou-se a supervisão clínica, os constantes estudos e interlocuções como suas marcas. Foram identificadas nuances distintas no atendimento a trabalhadores dos setores privado e público de atuação. Ademais, apresentou-se o panorama internacional das pesquisas sobre carreira / International research reveals that career guidance and counseling is a field under construction, especially when the process for adults is considered. With few exceptions, studies for classification, theoretical approaches, target audiences and several themes do not disclose information about adopted models and procedures. On the other hand, on the daily routine of certain companies, educational institutes and in the clinical setting, a number of concerns towards workers labor experiences are observed. Additionally, when it comes to business executives, coaching and mentoring specialized consultancy is available to help; meanwhile, as for young students of Ensino Médio (High School) from certain social classes, the resource is the traditional vocational guidance and counseling. Yet, apart from these two profiles executives and Secondary School students -, there is barely a service based on Psychology to offer assistance to these workers who wish to rethink their career, their labor trajectories and their professional choices. This research aimed at improving a proposal to career counseling clinic service, departing from the directions developed by researchers and members of Serviço de Orientação Profissional do Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo (SOP-IPUSP) Department of Professional and Career Counseling at University of São Paulo. The purpose was to understand the demand of participants concerning career counseling and the variables present in their social and labor field experiences in order to build ways of interventions that could cater to their wishes. In order to evaluate and consolidate the practice, the method adopted was the intervention research. This was carried out by offering the service of career counseling to non-executive adult workers who had at least five years of professional experience and had searched the service at SOP-IPUSP spontaneously. Elements from Psychoanalysis guided the evaluation and the execution of the work, and the main results showed that the narrative works as a guide in career counseling, in such a way that the interventions of the psychologist as well as all other activities are planned and organized from the narrative itself. The design of two moments was consolidated in the process: the joint research and the desiring project, they constitute the psychosocial proposal in the matter as they incorporate the subjective dimensions of life project and the objective dimensions of an action plan. This means that there is a need for a proposal of intervention that articulates and works with both dimensions in order to meet adults demands in the process of career counseling. The directions for services and researches at SOP-IPUSP were described and expanded, besides, clinical supervision, constant studies and dialogs are highlighted marks. Different nuances were identified in providing service to workers coming from the public and private sectors. Moreover, the study presented an international overview on career researchesv

A presente Tese teve como objetivos gerais discutir a questão da crise do aluno com o curso superior na realidade brasileira contemporânea, bem como oferecer subsídios para os atendimentos em orientação profissional e de carreira com foco na crise com o curso universitário. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento do perfil do aluno USP de graduação que procurou o Núcleo de Orientação Profissional da USP para atendimento em OP ou Planejamento de Carreira de 2007 a 2012. Foi realizada: a) a partir dos dados contidos em 115 fichas de inscrição uma análise quantitativa dos alunos triados; e (b) uma análise qualitativa de 58 relatórios de triagem que, como materiais clínicos, foram interpretados de acordo com o referencial teórico e metodológico psicanalítico. 37 motivos de procura pelo NOP-USP foram identificados e classificados em: (A) Motivos relacionados ao processo de escolha inicial; (B) Questões emocionais; (C) Motivos ligados ao curso; (D) Motivos ligados à profissionalização; (E) Motivos ligados ao processo de adaptação do aluno ao curso, à cidade e/ou à rotina universitária; (F) Motivos ligados ao vínculo com a USP; (G) Planejamento de carreira; (H) Razões financeiras; e (I) Não foi possível fechar diagnóstico. A intenção inicial era atribuir um motivo por relatório, mas percebeu-se que, frequentemente, cada relato trazia 1 motivo principal e diversos secundários. Diante disso, os motivos foram classificados em motivo saliente e motivo(s) periférico(s), cujo modelo é da relação figura-fundo da Gestalt. Sintetizando os itens discutidos e classificando as conclusões em duas ordens de fatores relativas aos objetivos gerais da presente Tese, concluiu-se que: (1) Em relação à questão da crise dos alunos com o curso superior na realidade brasileira contemporânea, os motivos de procura são multitemáticos e funcionam conforme saliência e periferia; grande parte dos alunos encontrava-se em crise sob angústia de perda; a dimensão do Trabalho tem centralidade para os alunos; os alunos buscavam integrar sentido a suas carreiras acadêmicas, sendo aventado que na atualidade o ethos social provoca baixa tolerância a formas falso-self de identidade profissional; a autoconstrução social em jovens na atualidade é uma tarefa contraditória devido a determinantes sociais que reforçam a impulsividade e a baixa reflexão; a adaptação universitária é de suma importância para minorar a evasão; o alto rendimento acadêmico tem importante significado narcísico para os alunos da USP e a dificuldade em disciplinas vem a ser muito humilhante, levando-os a questionar a escolha; há aparente congruência entre habitus de alunos da amostra e da USP; houve grande procura de alunos de Humanidades/Ciências Humanas e Sociais e baixa de Licenciaturas; e 2) Em relação à prática profissional da OP com foco na crise com o curso universitário, a continência do psicólogo é fundamental no momento de crise, para devolver ao aluno a esperança de resolução do conflito que levou a ela; a realidade externa pareceu ficar fora do campo de preocupação dos psicólogos nas triagens, e o NOP-USP configura-se, também, como entrada para demandas psicoterápicas. Em suma, a evasão tem um custo pessoal e social altos, especialmente em se tratando da USP, e um centro de carreiras desempenha importante papel de retaguarda e prevenção na crise do estudante universitário / This Thesis had as general objectives to discuss the issue of the crisis with higher education in contemporary Brazilian reality as well as offering support for vocational guidance and career planning focusing university. For this task, a survey was conducted of the student\'s undergraduate USP profile that sought the USP of Vocational Guidance Center for assistance in OP or Career Planning in 2007-2012. Was taken: a) from the data contained in 115 registration forms a quantitative analysis of the studied students; and (b) a qualitative analysis of 58 screening reports that as clinical materials were interpreted according to the theoretical and methodological psychoanalytic. 37 reasons to seek the NOP-USP were identified and classified into: (A) Reasons related to the initial selection process; (B) Emotional issues; (C) connected to the course Reasons; (D) Reasons related to professionalism; (E) Reasons related to the adaptation process of the student to the course, the city and / or the university routine; (F) Reasons linked to bond with the USP; (G) Career Planning; (H) Financial reasons; and (I) Could not close diagnosis. The original intention was to assign a reason for the report, but it was noticed that often each reporting brought one main reason and various side. Therefore, the reasons were classified into salient reason and reason (s) Peripheral (s), with the model of figure-ground relationship of Gestalt. Summarizing the items discussed and classifying the findings in two factors orders on the general objectives of this thesis, it was concluded that: (1) For the issue of students with higher education crisis in contemporary Brazilian reality, looking for reasons are multi-dimensional and work as salient and peripherals, most of the students was in crisis in loss of trouble, the work still has centrality for students, students seek to integrate meaning to their academic careers, social self in young today is a contradictory task, the university adaptation is important to hold the evasion, high yield has important narcissistic meaning for students at USP, no apparent congruence between habitus students and USP, and there was great demand for students of Humanities / Social and Human Sciences and low Undergraduate; and 2) for the professional practice of OP focused on the crisis with the university, the psychologist continence is very important to give the student back the hope that its crisis can be solved. External reality seems to be out of the field of concerns psychologists, and the NOP-USP is also an open door to psychotherapeutic demands. In short, dropout has both personal and social high cost, especially in the case of USP, and a career center plays an important role in rear college student crisis

O trabalhador contemporâneo sofre exigências para alcançar níveis cada vez mais elevados em sua formação e desenvolvimento profissional, segundo o discurso de que isso lhe servirá de garantia para ser bem sucedido. Porém não há mais relação direta entre educação profissional e trabalho, e os compromissos feitos com sua própria carreira parecem ser de curto prazo, tendo implicações inclusive nas formas identitárias do trabalhador. Vive-se sob o reinado das competências, paradigma organizador do mundo do trabalho, que exige do profissional não apenas conhecimentos teóricos e técnicos, definidos como corpo de saberes, mas também a capacidade de mobilizá-los e colocá-los em prática, dependendo da demanda da situação. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a formação do orientador profissional em termos de qualificação e indicadores de competências, sob as perspectivas de formadores e profissionais da área. Foi utilizado um questionário com questões abertas, com pequenas adaptações na redação para que atendesse aos dois grupos de participantes. A análise dos dados se deu por meio da análise de conteúdo de Bardin, sendo as respostas agrupadas em eixos temáticos e categorias, de acordo com a semelhança entre os conteúdos levantados. Os resultados apontam alguns dos saberes teórico-técnicos e indicadores de competências mais valorizados na formação do orientador profissional, tanto por profissionais quanto por formadores. O eixo temático citado como mais importante na formação deste profissional foi o que se refere a conhecimentos teóricos e técnicos, e o menos citado por ambos os grupos foi o tema que trata das competências relacionais com o cliente. Também foram acessadas as definições de competência por parte dos participantes, sendo que a mais amplamente adotada pelos dois grupos foi a que se refere a ter conhecimentos e habilidades que devem ser mobilizados para realizar uma tarefa (saber-fazer). A partir da literatura levantada para a construção deste estudo e dos resultados obtidos, vai-se além da discussão da formação do orientador, abrindo-se também a discussão sobre as implicações que a lógica das competências pode ter sobre suas formas identitárias enquanto profissional. / The contemporany worker experiences the pressure to reach higher levels for formation and professional development, according to the idea that it will guarantee success. However there\"s no more straight connection between professional education and work, and the compromises assumed for his career seem to be for short term, with implications even at worker\"s identity. One live under competencies\"s paradigm, that organizes the world of work and demands from the professional not only theoretical and technical knowledges, defined as body of knowledges, but also the capacity to mobilize them and put them in practice, depending on what the situation demands. The aim of this study is to investigate the career counselor formation in terms of qualification and competencies indicators, according to trainers and professionals of this area. A questionnaire with open questions was used, with some writing adaptations to attend both groups of participants. Data analysis was made through the content analysis of Bardin, with responses grouped into themes and categories, according to the similarity between the contents collected. Results highlights some of the theoretical and technical knowledges and competencies indicators most valued at career counselor formation, both by professionals and trainers. The theme mentioned as most important at this formation was the one that refers to theoretical and technical knowledges, and the least mentioned by both groups was the one about relational competencies between the guider and his client. Competencies definitions were also accessed from the participants, and the most widely adopted by both groups was having knowledgements and skills that must be mobilized to acomplish a task (know-how). Considering reviewed literature that helped to build this study, and also the obtained results, one goes beyond a discussion about career counselor formation, opening the discussion about what competencies logic can imply to the worker identity, as a professional.

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como psicólogos porto-alegrenses estão vivenciando as tarefas evolutivas do desenvolvimento de carreira inerentes ao estágio de estabelecimento, de acordo com a teoria de Donald Super. Além disso, buscou-se verificar as diferenças percebidas entre a realização das tarefas do desenvolvimento de carreira de psicólogos com relação ao tipo de vínculo empregatício, seja ele público, privado ou autônomo e, também, conhecer como os profissionais relacionam a atual conjuntura sócio-econômica na inserção do psicólogo no mercado de trabalho. Foram entrevistados 15 trabalhadores psicólogos (12 mulheres e 3 homens) com idades entre 30 e 38 anos, escolhidos de modo a contemplar a forma de seu contrato trabalhista (público, privado ou autônomo). A entrevista considerou as tarefas do desenvolvimento de carreira que dizem respeito ao estágio de estabelecimento: estabilização, consolidação e progresso. Os dados coletados foram analisados qualitativamente. Os resultados apontaram seis categorias relacionadas ao estabelecimento de carreira dos psicólogos participantes: a rede de relacionamento, o processo desenvolvimental, a realização profissional, a legalização do vínculo de trabalho, a preocupação com o desempenho e a busca constante por qualificação. / The objective of this study was to understand how psychologists from Porto Alegre are experiencing developmental tasks of career establishment stage, according to Donald Super’s theory. In this research there were interviewed 15 psychologists (12 women and 3 men) aged between 30 and 38 years old, chosen to reflect the form of their labor contract (public, private or autonomous). In addition, we attempted to verify the perceived differences between the tasks of the career development of psychologists regarding the type of employment relationship, whether public, private or autonomous, and also know how professionals relate to current socio- economic configuration in the placing of psychologists in the labor market. The interview included career development tasks related to establishment stage: stabilization, consolidation and progress. Data collected were analyzed using qualitative research methods. The results showed six categories associated with participant’s career establishment: relationship network, developmental process, professional achievement, work contracts’ legalization, performance concern and constantly seeking qualification.

The career development trajectory of undocumented Latino youth can present unique challenges for school counselors. Undocumented Latino youth have few career choices due to holding different values from the majority culture, realistic fears of deportation, restrictions in obtaining lawful employment, and having an unconventional pathway to citizenship. The school counseling profession has been tasked with working with undocumented Latino students on issues of career development, despite these obstacles. The purpose of this qualitative dissertation was to build a stronger understanding of the unique experiences school counselors encounter when career counseling undocumented Latino students. Results from this research generated a theory into how school counselors work on issues of career development with this marginalized population. Results also offered a perspective in which school counselors can be trained on realistic and empowering methods that foster career development in undocumented Latino youth.

The knowledge of early employment experiences has evolved over the last decade in countries such as Australia and Great Britain. In Sweden, this type of research is still unusual and the aim of this study was to break new ground by highlighting some areas that could be of extra interest in the Swedish early employment research to come. A focus in the study was to give an overview of what job sectors school students work in; and the amount of jobs aquired through school-organized work placement, private social networks or personal marketing of own merits. In addition to this, a multi variate analysis was carried out to find patterns in the picture of early employment experiences among students at upper secondary school. The findings of the study has relevance for ways of conducting career counselling and therefore the general aim of this study is to point out the importance of developing the practises of vocational psychology. A survey among 74 teenaged school students with economics as their main subject has been carried out in a mid-size Swedish city May 2012. 62 school students answered. The survey showed that 94% of the students had part-time jobs. Most common was to have 1-3 employers during the three years at upper secondary school. Most students worked in the job-sectors retail (29%), catering (23%), and care of the elderly (14%). An interesting finding was that no Swedish students seemed to work with delivery. This is surprising since this job-sector is big among school students in both Australia and Great Britain. Another interesting find was ways of aquiring a job. Not surprisingly most jobs were aquired through private social networks (59%), but some job-sectors stood out as pathways to a job for those students without the right social networks. In catering 48% of the jobs were aquired through marketing of own merits, and in the care of the elderly job-sector 78% of the jobs were aquired this way. The study indicates that early work experiences in Sweden in major parts reflect the research carried out in Austalia and Great Britain. But some research areas differ. A more close look at early work experiences among teenaged school students in Sweden is therefore necessary to develop vocational psychology and to incorporate learning outside school into school practices. An aspect that has been observed sofar is the way in which social background steers both the experience of early employment and career choice.

Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie i form av sju semistrukturerade intervjuer var att undersökahur olika aktörer arbetar för att stödja sina klienter mot en positiv framtid. Avsikten var att belysa klienternas behov, hur väl dessa stämmer överens med det stöd aktörerna erbjuder samt att undersöka om detta stöd har likheter med det sätt på vilket studie- och yrkesvägledare arbetar. Resultatet visar att klienternas behov är komplexa men till stor del handlar om stöd i att skapa en bättre självbild och stöd i samverkan mellan olika instanser. Detta stämmer väl överrens med det stöd verksamheterna erbjuder. Inom samtliga verksamheter används också för studie- och yrkesvägledare `typiska´ aktiviteter. Slutsatsen blev därför att denna yrkesgrupp i hög grad har de kompetenser som krävs för att stödja aktörernas klienter mot en positiv framtid. / The purpose of this qualitative study in the form of seven semi-structured interviews was to investigate how different actors in the Swedish society work to support their clients towards a positive future. The intention was to highlight the needs of clients, how well those needs match the support the actors offer and to investigate whether this support has similarities with the way in which career counselors are working. The results show that clients' needs are complex but largely involves support in creating a better self-image and support regarding collaboration between different actors. The support offered by the actors matches those needs well. The support offered also has great similarities with the way in which career counselors are working. It was therefore concluded that these professionals have the skills necessary to bolster the actors' clients towards a positive future.

Syftet med denna studie är att nå ökad kunskap om hur arbetsuppgifter kan se ut för en ny examinerad vägledare på olika arbetsplatser. I undersökningen ges också en blick över vägledarnas upplevelser när det gäller relationen mellan deras kompetens och arbetsuppgifter. Genom kvalitativ metod där fem intervjuer med studie- och yrkesvägledare i Stockholms län har analyserats. Vi har kommit fram till att dessa studie- och yrkesvägledare har haft ett arbete efter avslutad examen inom skolväsendet. Alla vägledarna ser ett samband mellan den kompetens de har fått från utbildningen och deras arbetsuppgifter och yrkesroller. Dessa vägledare upplever också att vägledarens yrkesroll ibland kan upplevas som diffus genom att andra begär uppgifter som inte ligger i vägledarens kompetens. / The purpose of this study is to achieve better understanding of how tasks can see out for a new graduated counselor of various sites. The study a look across the practitioner experiences of the relationship between their skills and duties. Through a qualitative method, five interviews with guidance counselors in Stockholm County have been analyzed. We have concluded that these studies and counselors have had a job after graduating in the school system. All advisers see a connection between the skills they have gained from education and their tasks and roles. These counselors also feel that the counselor's professional role can sometimes be felt as diffuse through the second requires information that is not in the counselor's skills.