The aim of the study was to assess the effects of orally applied praziquantel on the treatment efficacy against most abundant tapeworms (Atractolytocestus huronensis Anthony, 1958 and Khawia sinensis Hsü, 1935) of common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus). Naturally infected fish (one-year-old; K1+) were divided into 3 trial groups containing 17 specimens and administered with praziquantel mixed in heat-treated amyloid vehicle (in doses of 50 mg.kg-1 body weight). In 3 groups of control, the fish were administered amyloid vehicle only. Fish were examined by using of gut dissection 2, 4 and 6 days after administration. At 48 hours post-treatment, significantly lower prevalence of both parasites was found. The invasion of A.huronensis was fully eliminated in all fish after 96 hours whereas some specimens of K.sinensis still persisted in the gut of few fish. The full elimination of both parasites was observed 6 days after administration. Our results showed that elimination of K. sinensis takes longer than elimination of A.huronensis. The dose of 50 mg kg-1 of orally applied praziquantel is effectual to control A.huronensis and K sinensis infections in common carp successfully. The effect of oral applied praziquantel on the hematology and biochemical parameters blood of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), infected by the tapeworms Atractolytocestus huronensis and Khawia sinensis was the object of analyse. It was the partial goal of the work. The infected fishes were divided to the six groups. The praziquantel was applied stirred in amyloid vehicle in dose 30 mg/kg of quick materiality for two groups and for two to other groups in dose 50mg/kg of quick materiality. Only clean amyloid vehiculum was applied to two control groups. Blood taking and resulting patoanatomic investigation was effected 24 and 96 hours after application of praziquantel. Results of hematology investigation of blood obtained 24 hours after the application point on significant fall (p< 0,01) of the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit in both groups E1 and E3, which achieved the original surface after 96 hours. The significant upsurge (p<0,05) of the surface serum hepatic enzyme ALT was recorded after 96 hours.

The goal of this thesis was to assess colour inheritance in Showa tricolour variety of koi carp (black basis, white and red signs). Fish of the same colouration were pair-mated. Colouration of fingerlings was assessed in one day age. Colouration was observed in two forms, like melanin pigmentation and non-melanin pigmentation (black- pigmented and gold -pigmented fingerlings). In the tests, gynogenesis was employed, transmissing only mother`s genome to offspring. Gynogenesis was practiced in RIFCH USB in Vodnany. Gynogenetic offspring was further photographically documented to assess colouration of fingerlings and relationship between both variants of colouration. Fry from propagation was bred in ponds to the size stage of advanced fry (Kr; 90-day old, size 5- 6 cm). In this size, fingerlings were caught from breeding ponds, counted and further documented to check phenotype segregation.

Protocolos de sucesso para a maturação in vitro de oócitos de peixe são importantes, uma vez que é necessário para garantir uma fertilização bem sucedida, formação do zigoto, crescimento do embrião e seu completo desenvolvimento. Em algumas espécies, a eficiência deste processo ainda é muito baixa ou restrita a poucas substâncias que podem ser utilizadas. Assim, pesquisou-se a utilização de hormônios alternativos ao protocolo já existente para maturação in vitro de ovócitos de zebrafish. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficiência do extrato de hipófise de carpa (EHC), dos hormônios folículo estimulante (FSH) e luteinizante (LH) para fazer a maturação dos ovócitos estádio III de zebrafish. Os oócitos estádio III foram colocados em meio de cultivo Leibovitz modificado, suplementado com soro fetal bovino e adicionado o hormônio correspondente a seu tratamento (T1-controle; T2-16 μg/ml de EHC; T3- 32 μg/ml de EHC; T4- 48 μg/ml de EHC; T5- 64 μg/ml de EHC; T6- 80 μg/ml de EHC; T7- 0,5 μg/ml de FSH; T8- 0,5 μg/ml de LH e T9- 0,5 μg/ml de FSH e 0,5 μg/ml de LH). A taxa de maturação foi avaliada através da visualização da quebra da vesícula germinal (GVBD). Em todos os tratamentos houve maturação, embora o EHC tenha demonstrado taxas de maturação muito baixas (T2= 12,8%; T3=24,8%; T4=27%; T5=22,7%; T6=9,7%) e inferiores em relação a maior eficiência dos hormônios gonadotrópicos (T7=16%; T8=35%; T9=50%). Além disso foi possível verificar a viabilidade dos oócito através da fertilização in vitro do melhor tratamento (T9) com uma taxa de eclosão e desenvolvimento em larva de 60%. Os resultados da maturação in vitro utilizando estes indutores hormonais em oócitos estádio III de zebrafish mostraram-se promissores, e reforçam as perspectivas para o aprimoramento e uso desta técnica para produção in vitro de embriões viáveis. / Successful protocols for maturation of oocytes are important, as it is necessary for ensuring successful fertilization, zygote formation, embryo growth and full development. In some species the efficiency of in vitro maturation is still very low or is still restricted to a little amount of substances which can be used for the matter. Thus, we studied the use of alternative hormones to the existing protocol for in vitro maturation of zebrafish oocytes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the use of carp pituitary extract (CPE), the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) to oocyte maturation stage III of zebrafish. Oocytes stage III were placed in modified Leibovitz culture medium, suplemented with fetal bovine serum and added to the correnponding hormone treatment (T1-control; T2-16 g / ml of CHE; T3 32 g / ml of CHE, T4 - 48 g / ml of CHE; T5- 64 g / ml of CHE; T6- 80 g / ml of CHE; T7- 0.5 g / ml of FSH, T8 0.5 mg / ml of LH and T9- 0.5 g / ml of FSH and 0.5 mg / ml LH). The maturation rate was assessed by the germinal vesicle break down (GVBD). In all cases there was maturation, though the EHC has demonstrated fairly low maturation rate (T2= 12,8%; T3=24,8%; T4=27%; T5=22,7%; T6=9,7%) and lower in relation of the high efficiency presented by the gonadotropic hormones (T7=16%; T8=35%; T9=50%). In addition it was possible to verify the viability of the oocyte through IVF of the best treatment (T9) with a result of 60% of hatching and larvae development rate. The results of maturation in turn using this hormones in stage III oocytes of zebrafish proved promising, and enhance the prospects for improvement and use of this technique for in vitro production of viable embryos.

The Capacitated Arc Routing Problem has many applications in real life. The aim of this problem is to minimize the total cost at fulfilment of the requirements of arcs. The Capacitated Arc Routing Problem is an extension of the Chinese Postman Problem, which is a special type of the Vehicle Routing Problems. In this thesis is explained the issue of the Chinese Postman Problem and its extensions at first. Subsequently the applications of mathematical models are illustrated on a model example. However these mathematical models, which are searching the optimal solution, do not use so much in reality. Therefore the randomized heuristic algorithm for solving these problems is suggested and programmed in this thesis. Subsequently this heuristic was applied to case study of garbage collection in Podebrady city.

D.Sc. (Zoology) / The spermatogenesis of two freshwater species from South Africa, Barbus marequensis and B. polylepis, and three fresh water species from Israel, B. canis, B. longiceps and Capoeta damascina, was studied. A histological comparison of the process of spermatogenesis was undertaken. The breeding cycle of B. marequensis, B. polylepis, B. canis, B. longiceps and C. damascina was similar to the breeding cycle of B. aeneus and four phases occured within the cycle. The four distinctive phases are post spawning phase, rest phase, pre-spawning phase and the spawning phase (Vlok, 1986) . During the post spawning phase a decline in sperm development is observed and possible lisosomal activity is responsible for the resorption of sperm cells not shed during the spawning phase. The presence of collagen structure provides a distinctive character to the tissue of the testis. The resting phase is characterised by the absence of the lobular structure and the testis is dominated by the collagen tissue. The testis is small and unobtrusive in the abdominal cavities of both species. At the onset of the pre-spawning phase, the testis is filled with spermatogonia. The lobular structure becomes more prominent and the interstitial tissue can be distinguished. Later during the phase, the synchronised development of sperm cells in the cysts of the lobules can be observed, whilst sperm cells in adjacent lobules are in different stages of development. During the spawning phase the testis of all species studied contain mature sperm . cells in the lumens of the lobules.

Climate changes alter species composition in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. For establishment of species in a fish community, dispersal barriers, habitat structure and interactions between species act as a filter. The aim of this study was to examine changes in the fish community in Lake Tåkern, Sweden, by repeating a test-fishing in a lake 40 years after a previous test-fishing. Special interest was directed towards the possible establishment of bream (Abramis brama) and (Cyprinus carpio) which recently had been found in the lake. In addition, a decline of the low oxygen tolerant species crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and tench (Tinca tinca) was expected. Test-fishing was performed in June and August 2019 and combined with analyses of Environmental-DNA from samples in September 2019. A comparison with the average catch of 1978-1979 together showed that all cyprinid species had decreased in 2019. The hypoxic tolerant crucian carp decreased 16-fold in numbers, which was expected due to fewer events of cold winters and hypoxia. One bream was caught from the test-fishing and was also detected through eDNA-analysis. The ecological status of the fish community was classified as moderate but showed a high proportion of piscivore percids contra cyprinids, compared to six other shallow lakes in Sweden with similar characteristics. The high proportion of piscivore percids is probably contributing to the stability of the present clear-water state of the lake.

The main hypothesis supposes a different angler behavior directly after stocking and out of this period. The aim of this work was to evaluate carp preference according to time (within one day in one district) and place (choice of the locations) variability. As an explanatory parameter the number of environmental factors was tested such as weather, the type of a bait or the sensitivity of fishing technique. This information was surveyed by interviewing the anglers at the Hostivař reservoir. The survey took place in two periods - in autumn 2008 after stocking and comparing period in spring 2009. Data elaboration was taken with CANOCO statistic ver. 4.5 software, when the factors influencing frequency of fish species were searched for. Significantly tested were the factors of bread bait, increasing volume of fishing line and amount of anglers proving the concern of that group for orientation of carp catch. From the following results was obtained the average time spent by the anglers at Hostivar - approximately 5 hours. The average visit rate in autumn was 39.2 angler/day and in spring 34.1 angler/day. The analyses of fishing location show the popularity of places with easy entrance to the bank and the better carp catch in those places. The anglers' efforts were in autumn 2002.7 hours/ha/year and in...

In einem interdisziplinären Forschungsprojekt wurden die Übertragungswege der Koi-Herpesvirus-Infektion (KHV) untersucht. Die Erkrankung verminderte das Speisekarpfenaufkommen in Sachsen um 40 % und verursachte dadurch bei den betroffenen Teichwirtschaften hohe wirtschaftliche Schäden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Teichablaufwasser und Wildfische weniger an der Weiterverbreitung der Erkrankung beteiligt sind als bisher angenommen. Hauptinfektionsweg ist die Übertragung durch infizierte Karpfen. Die Weiterverbreitung erfolgt entweder durch Besatz latent erkrankter Fische oder durch Verschleppung kranker oder frisch getöteter Karpfen durch Wildtiere. Eine erfolgreiche Sanierung von Karpfenteichen durch Trockenlegung, Branntkalkapplikation und Besatz mit virusfreien Fischen ist möglich. Bei den bisher angewandten Branntkalkdosierungen von ca. 1 t/ha konnte eine Gefährdung adulter Amphibien, aber auch der in Karpfenteichen vorkommenden Amphibienlarven in situ bisher nicht festgestellt werden.

Die Studie enthält zwei Berichte. Rümmler, Heidrich und Pfeifer berichten über die kombinierte Satzkarpfen-Edelfischaufzucht in geschlossenen Kreislaufanlagen. Im zweiten Bericht referieren die Autoren Heidrich, Wedekind und Pfeifer über Optimierung biologischer und technologischer Parameter für die Aufzucht von Stören in geschlossenen Kreislaufanlagen.

The Salmonella typhimurium/mammalian microsome test has provided a simple and sensitive short‐term assay for the detection of environmental mutagens. Metabolic activation of precarcinogens is usually achieved by incubating the compound to be tested, the bacterial strain and mammalian liver homogenates with NADPH. The results presented here utilize Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100, the precarcinogen 2‐aminofluorene and microsomal enzyme preparations prepared from liver homogenate of carp (Cyprinus carpio) taken from aquatic environments of northeastern Tennessee. Those environments range from virtually unpolluted to extremely polluted. The results show that the precarcinogen 2‐aminofluorene is activated either partially or totally in the presence of liver homogenates of carp taken from polluted aquatic environments (e.g., microsomal enzyme preparations made from rat liver with 2‐aminofluorene produced 808 revertants; whereas the liver preparations made from carp, taken from the Pigeon River, with 2‐aminofluorene produced 2,786 revertants). Revertant colony results correlated well with the degree of pollution within those waters. An increase (data were statistically different at the 0.05 level of significance) of TA100 revertant colonies was observed as aquatic contamination worsened. All data pairs of collecting sites in their order of increasing contamination, as well as those between collecting sites, were statistically different at the 0.05 level of significance.