Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Hamburg. / Includes bibliographical references (p. viii-xxxv).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Carleton University, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 160-163). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

abstract: Mexican drug cartels have been a difficult group to get official data on because of the clandestine nature of their operations and the inherent dangers associated with any type of research on these groups. Due to the close relationship that the United States and Mexico share, the United States being a heavy demander of illicit drugs and Mexico being the supplier or the transshipment point, research that sheds light on cartels and their effects is necessary in order to solve this problem. A growing concern is that cartels have been seeking to improve their international infrastructure. This could potentially be done by partnering with gangs located in the United States to help with the distribution of drugs. The author uses data from the 2009 and 2010 Arizona Gang Threat Assessment and three sets of analyses (dummy variable regression, change score, multinomial logistic) to shed light on the possible partnership between cartels and U.S. based gangs. Primarily using the varying level of intervention strategies practiced by police departments throughout the state of Arizona, this study is exploratory in nature, but attempts to find the effectiveness of intervention strategies on "cartel affiliated" gangs, as identified by federal authorities, and how police departments respond towards these same groups. With the current data, there was no significant evidence that suggests that intervention strategies were less effective on "cartel affiliated" gangs or that police departments were responsive towards these “affiliated” gangs. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2015

abstract: The presence of drug cartels within Mexico impacts U.S. national security, foreign policy, U.S. crime rates, and public health policy. Due to the direct and indirect effects that the cartels have on the United States, this paper examines the Mérida Initiative, the current U.S. anti-cartel policy, and makes several recommendations for future policy directions. Using official documents as well as current academic research, this paper examines the outcomes of past comparable policies that the United States has implemented in Colombia and Afghanistan to address the issue of drug trafficking. The paper then builds on the present successes of the Mérida Initiative by recommending several policies in the areas of international cooperation, agricultural development, Mexican targeting and enforcement, and U.S. law enforcement. This paper recommends that information sharing between countries should be increased to reduce the likelihood that pressure place on cartels will cause displacement; crop eradication cease and alternative crop development be implemented to reduce illicit crop growth; the joint Mexican-U.S. enforcement focus should move from high-value targets to more highly connected members; the United States should increase vetting for gun purchases to help keep guns out of the hands of cartel members; and domestic drug policies should shift toward treatment and demand-focused policies. By implementing the recommended policies, this paper suggests that the influence of cartels within Mexico as well as the United States may be reduced. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Criminology and Criminal Justice 2014

This master thesis deals with policies of United States of America in combat against Mexican drug cartels, which are responsible for overwhelming majority of drugs flowing into USA. Although huge demand for drugs by U.S. citizens is crucial aspect in a long-term, this work put emphasis on immediate solutions, which would weaken the general position of cartels and therefore limit the flow of drugs into the country. Drug cartels are perceived as transnational criminal organizations a research aims to find out whether USA acknowledge this fact and whether they adapt their policies. The subjects of this research are two documents - cooperation with Mexico under the Mérida Initiative and U.S. Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime. Threats of organized crime and goals in fight against it presented in these two documents serve as reference points and basis for evaluation of U.S. actions.

Thesis advisor: Alejandro Olayo-Méndez / To what extent have the policies implemented by the Mexican government since 2006 against the War on Drugs further fueled social violence? What have been the effects of violence on security, citizenship well-being, displacement, and human rights? This thesis examines how the pervasive violence in Mexico, despite being overwhelmingly visible recently, has been embedded into the system since long before. Mexico experiences different approaches to violence: ordinary, structural, and drug violence. The research question and my contribution are illustrated from four different perspectives, based on the various types of violence that exist in the country: intercartel, government-cartel, cartel-citizens, and government-citizens. After conducting a case study analysis of specific events throughout the last three presidential administrations, a recurring pattern shows that despite the differences in political background, violence continues to be aggravated through a similitude in strategy. Government officials should take meaningful action to address the security needs of citizens – despite the presence of violence – and consider policy changes that focus on providing safety and well-being. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2021. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: International Studies.

Hybrid governance in Latin America A case study of the response of Mexican criminal syndicates to the COVID-19 pandemic Wordcount: 20282 International Master in Security Intelligence and Strategic Studies 2409572N 29/07/2021 Abstract In the academia, long dominated by a Western state-centric approach, the idea of the coexistence of different orders of social domination emerged in the nineties. It set the premises for the academic literature on hybrid governance. This research area is very recent and still developing. Hence, the fields of application of this concept in the academic literature are diverse but still too limited. Therefore, this dissertation arises from the consideration that it would be interesting to further investigate the applicability of this under-exploited notion. In particular, it looks at criminal organizations in Latin America through the case study of Mexican drug cartels amid the pandemic. This case presents the key characteristics of hybridity, hence making it a relevant tool to analyze it. The finding of the possibility of the applicability of hybrid governance as an analytical lens to understand Mexican drug cartels during the pandemic suggests the possibility to expand the field of application of this concept. It leads to a broader reflection on hybrid governance schemes with...

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Suivant la libéralisation du marché aérien européen, les transporteurs aériens se sont déployésdans un environnement concurrentiel nouveau. Face à l’émergence des compagnies low cost,les compagnies traditionnelles ont renforcé leurs stratégies de consolidation (alliances etfusions) autour de leur hubs afin de connecter leurs réseaux et de générer des économiesd’échelle et de densité. Ces regroupements peuvent créer et renforcer les barrières à l’entréesur certains marchés et sur les principaux aéroports saturés. De plus, certaines pratiques ontcherché à empêcher l’arrivée de ces nouveaux entrants par des comportements restreignant laconcurrence (cartels, prédation, programmes de fidélisation discriminatoires, restrictionsverticales).Depuis 2004, la régulation du transport aérien s’est renforcée notamment à travers l’adoptiondes procédures antitrust communes et l’extension du contrôle aux alliances extraeuropéennes.La Commission a développé une approche globale au regard de la définition desmarchés, de l’évaluation des effets concurrentiels et a cherché à renforcer l’efficacité desmesures correctives en imposant la libération des créneaux horaires au profit des concurrents.Pour autant, entre la nécessité de promouvoir l’apparition de nouveaux entrants, la sauvegardedes intérêts du consommateur et la création nécessaire de « champions européens », lapolitique de régulation européenne est source de complexité et d’insécurité juridique pour laplupart des compagnies aériennes. / Following the liberalisation of the EU aviation market, airlines have competed in achallenging environment. Facing the emergence of low cost carriers, traditional carriersstrengthened their consolidation strategies (mergers and alliances), connecting hubs andnetworks in order to generate economies of scale and density. This consolidation can createand reinforce barriers to entry in certain routes and in major congested airports. In addition,some practices have sought to prevent the arrival of these new entrants by adoptinganticompetitive practices (cartels, predation, discriminatory loyalty programs and verticalrestraints).Since the adoption of new antitrust procedures (2004), the European Commission extendedits control of extra-European alliances and sought to implement a more efficient policy. TheCommission’s general approach is to identify the relevant markets, to assess the likely effectson competition and to propose remedies such as the release of slots. However, between theneed to promote the emergence of new entrants, the willingness to safeguard consumerinterests and the necessity to create real "european champions", the Commission’s policyremains an increasing source of complexity and legal uncertainty for most airlines.

In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Czech lands were among the largest hop-growing regions in the world. Hop products became, in the interwar period, one of the crucial agricultural export goods of the Czechoslovak economy. This study aims to draw attention to the process of emergence of cartels in this particular branch of agricultural production. It traces the attempts to organize the industry by means of cartels from their very beginning in the late 19th century until the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1938. As a point of departure, it takes the assumption shared by many theoreticians of industrial organization who argue that the given structure of the industry to some extent pre-determines the ways how the cartels emerge and the particular forms they assume. These institutions, however, might in turn reshape the structure of the industry. The analysis indicates that the cartels in the hop industry were essentially 'children of opportunity' and their emergence was rarely correlated with an economic crisis. Even though the industry gave rise also to international collusive structures, the cartels in the hop industry were essentially unstable and weak and in most cases, the attempts to create them failed. Present study challenges the belief, widely held in the scholarship on cartels in the Czech lands,...